V. LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL / SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
6.1. Dinamika dan Kualitas Penduduk / Population Dynamic and Quality
Penduduk merupakan subjek dan objek pembangunan. Sebagai subjek pembangunan, maka penduduk harus dididik, dibina, dan dikembangkan sehingga mampu menjadi penggerak pembangunan. Sebagai objek
environment such as forest encroachment by villagers in the surrounding forest and waste disposal directly into river waters by urban poor people. Such behavior is due to compulsion of the community.
As described above, increasing population give the pressure on the natural environment. The pollution of soil, water and air is increasing, which also means the worsening environmental conditions. Worsening environmental conditions lead to the decline in public health. This is evidenced by the increasing number of patients with disease due to unfavorable environments such as, diarrhea, tuberculosis, and dengue fever.
The above description shows that the social environment has a close relationship with other aspects of life. Information about the development and changing of social environment in the form of social environment statistics is needed as evaluation material and planning of social environmental in the future. Statistics compiled social environment includes: the population dynamic and quality, education, health, employment, poverty, people having social welfare issues, and social vulnerability.
6.1. Population Dynamic and Quality
Populations are subject and object of development. As the subject of development, the population must be educated, fostered, and developed in order to be a driving force of development. As the object of development,
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population must enjoy the development result. The development is said to be succeeding they can improve the welfare and prosperity of their population in the broadest sense.
Objectives of development as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution of 1945 is the nation’s intellectual life, creating general welfare, protects the entire homeland of Indonesia, and help implement lasting peace and world order. Welfare of the population may not be achieved if the
government cannot ind a solution to population
problems such as the large population and uneven distribution of population in Indonesia.
The population of Indonesia in 2013 reached 248.81 million, with a growth rate of 1.42 percent per year (Table 6.1 and 6.2). Those populations put Indonesia as a country with the fourth largest population after China, India, and the United States.
Indonesian population growth is not accompanied by equal distribution of population. Concentration of Indonesia’s population is still concentrated in Java. From Figure 6.1 shows that Java with only 6.77 percent of total Indonesia area is inhabited by 57.06 percent of the Indonesian population. The opposite occurs for the Kalimantan, Maluku and Papua Island. Kalimantan with 28.48 percent of total Indonesia area is inhabited by only 5.98 percent of Indonesian population. Just like Kalimantan Island, Maluku and Papua Island with 25.91 percent of total Indonesia area inhabited only by 2.65 percent of Indonesian population. pembangunan, penduduk harus dapat menikmati
hasil dari pembangunan. Pembangunan harus dikembangkan dengan memperhitungkan kemampuan penduduk agar seluruh penduduk dapat berpartisipasi aktif dalam dinamika pembangunan tersebut. Harapannya agar tercipta rasa memiliki dari hasil pembangunan yang telah dilakukan bersama oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat.
Sasaran dari pembangunan sebagaimana tertuang dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 adalah mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, menciptakan kesejahteraan umum, melindungi seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, dan membantu melaksanakan ketertiban dunia dan perdamaian abadi. Kesejahteraan penduduk tidak mungkin tercapai bila pemerintah tidak dapat menemukan solusi atas permasalahan kependudukan seperti besarnya jumlah penduduk dan tidak meratanya penyebaran penduduk di Indonesia.
Jumlah penduduk Indonesia pada tahun 2013 mencapai 248,81 juta jiwa dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk sebesar 1,42 persen per tahun (Tabel 6.1 dan 6.2). Jumlah penduduk tersebut menempatkan Indonesia sebagai negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbanyak keempat di dunia setelah China, India, dan Amerika Serikat.
Pertambahan jumlah penduduk Indonesia tidak diikuti dengan pola persebaran yang merata. Konsentrasi penduduk Indonesia masih terpusat di Pulau Jawa. Dari Gambar 6.1, terlihat bahwa Pulau Jawa dengan luas hanya 6,77 persen dari luas daratan Indonesia dihuni oleh 57,06 persen penduduk Indonesia. Hal sebaliknya terjadi untuk Pulau Kalimantan, Maluku & Papua. Pulau Kalimantan dengan persentase luas daratan sebesar 28,48 persen hanya dihuni oleh 5,98 persen penduduk Indonesia. Sama seperti Pulau Kalimantan, Pulau Maluku & Papua dengan persentase luas sebesar 25,91 persen hanya dihuni oleh 2,65 persen penduduk Indonesia.
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L I N G K U N G A N S O S I A L
S t a t i s t i k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p I n d o n e s i a 2 0 1 4
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Comparison between the total area and uneven population density causes inequality population between regions. Based on table
6.2, there is very signiicant difference between
population densities on Java Island with population densities outside Java. DKI Jakarta is the most populous province, with population density of 15,015 people per km2. Jakarta as the center of government as well as industrial and trade center provide an attraction for people to come and settle. Meanwhile, Papua with population density around 10 people per km2 and West Papua with population density around 9 people per km2 are the province with the least population density in Indonesia.
Achieve prosperous society is one of the goal in development. One of indicators used to Perbandingan antara luas wilayah dan
jumlah penduduk yang tidak merata menyebabkan ketimpangan kepadatan penduduk antar wilayah. Berdasarkan tabel 6.2, terdapat perbedaan yang sangat signiikan antara kepadatan penduduk di Pulau Jawa dengan kepadatan penduduk di luar Pulau Jawa. Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi terpadat, dengan kepadatan penduduk sebesar 15.015 jiwa per km2. DKI Jakarta sebagai pusat pemerintahan sekaligus pusat industri dan perdagangan memberikan daya tarik orang untuk datang dan menetap. Sementara itu, Provinsi Papua Barat dengan kepadatan penduduk 9 jiwa per km2 dan Provinsi Papua dengan kepadatan penduduk 10 jiwa per km2 merupakan provinsi dengan kepadatan penduduk paling sedikit di Indonesia.
Mencapai kehidupan masyarakat yang sejahtera merupakan salah satu tujuan dalam
Gambar 6.1. Persentase Luas Wilayah dan Persentase Penduduk menurut Pulau, 2013
Figure Percentage of Area and Population by Island, 2013
Sumber : Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2010-2035, Badan Pusat Statistik
Source Indonesia Population Projection 2010-2035, BPS-Statistics Indonesia
25,15 6,77 3,82 28,48 9,86 25,91 21,52 57,06 5,51 5,94 7,32 2,65 Persentase Luas Wilayah/Percentage of Area Persentase Penduduk/Percentage of Population
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measure social welfare is Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is composite indicator of three dimensions of human development, which are: healthy life is measured by life expectancy, education is measured by literacy rate and mean year school, and standard of living is measured by adjusted real expenditure per capita. During 2010 to 2012, HDI value always increased. HDI in 2010 amounted to 72.27, increasing to 72.77 in 2011 and 73.29 in 2013. HDI in DKI Jakarta is the highest compare to other province. Increasing rate of HDI is caused by increasing of all components that used in the calculation of HDI. HDI and its components are presented in Table 6.3
6.2. Education
According to Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language, education is a process of changing attitudes and behavior of a person or group of people in order to bring human maturity through the efforts of teaching and training. Education allows anyone to acquire knowledge and skills. The results of education are expected to develop skills and improve the quality of life and human dignity of Indonesian people in order to achieve the national development goals.
Education is one form of human investment in order to improving the quality of human resources. The quality of human resources is indispensable in order to face the global competition. Therefore, improvement the quality of education must continue to be pursued by opening greater opportunities for people to get an education and improving of the quality and quantity of educational facilities.
pembangunan. Salah satu indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur kesejahteraan masyarakat adalah Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). IPM merupakan indikator komposit dari tiga dimensi tentang pembangunan manusia yaitu: hidup sehat diukur dari angka harapan hidup, pendidikan diukur dari angka melek huruf dan rata-rata lama sekolah, serta standar hidup yang layak diukur dari pengeluaran riil perkapita yang disesuaikan. Selama tahun 2010-2012, nilai IPM selalu mengalami peningkatan. IPM tahun 2010 tercatat sebesar 72,27, meningkat menjadi 72,77 pada tahun 2011 dan menjadi 73,29 pada tahun 2013. Angka IPM Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan yang tertinggi dibandingkan angka IPM provinsi lainnya. IPM dan komponennya disajikan pada Tabel 6.3.