JURNAL ILMIAH
Kebijakan Nasionalisasi Perusahaan Asing di Venezuela
Studi pada Exxon Mobil dan Conoco Phillips
Disusun dan Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
Jurusan Hubungan Internasional
Oleh:
Abdul Manaf Agus Setiawan 201010360311080
JURUSAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2014
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR COVER/SAMPUL DALAM ... i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSIABSTRAKSI ... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAAN ... iii
LEMBAR ORSINILITAS ... iv
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ... v
ABSTRAKSI ... vi
ABSTRAC ... vii
KATA PENGANTAR ... viii
DAFTAR ISI ... x
DAFTAR TABEL DAN GAMBAR ... xiii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar belakang ... 1 1.2 Rumusan masalah... 7 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ... 7 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ... 7 1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ... 7 1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ... 8 1.5. Penelitian Terdahulu ... 9 1.6. Konsep ... 14 1.6.1. Konsep Nasionalisasi ... 14
1.6.2. Konsep Developmental State ... 16
1.7 Metodologi Penelitian. ... 20
1.7.1 Jenis Penelitian. ... 20
1.7.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ... 21
1.7.3 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ... 22
1.7.3.1 Batasan Waktu Penelitian ... 22
1.7.3.2 Batasan Materi ... 23
1.8. Argumen Dasar. ... 23 vi
1.9. Sistematika Penulisan ... 24
BAB II MASUKNYA INVESTASI ASING DI VENEZUELA 2.1 Investasi Asing di Venezuela Pasca Perjanjian Dengan IMF ... 27
2.2 Kebijakan Arpertura Petrolera. ... 37
2.3 Profil Exxon Mobil dan Conoco Phillips ... 47
2.3.1 Exxon Mobil ... 47
2.3.2 Conoco Phillips ... 48
BAB III PROSES NASIONALISASI EXXON MOBIL DAN CONOCO PHILLIPS DI VENEZUELA 3.1 Sebab-Sebab Terjadinya Nasionalisasi Exxon Mobil Dan Conoco Phillips .... 55
3.2 Kecurangan Dalam Pengelolalan Minyak Di Venezuela ... 58
3.2.1 Kecurangan Dalam Perjanjian Kontrak Kerja ... 59
3.2.2 Kecurangan Batas Teritorial Explorasi ... 60
3.3 Fase Kebijkan Nasionalisasi Perusahaan Asing di Venezuela ... 61
3.3.1 Nasionalisasi Fase I Dikeluarkanya Undang-Undang Hidrokarbon Tahun 2001 ... 61
3.3.2 Nasionalisasi Fase II Perubahan Perjanjian OSA kedalam “Mixed Companies” dan Pemebentukan Join Venture ... 68
3.3.3 Nasionalisasi Fase III Melalui Join Venture ... 74
3.4 Nasionalisasi Exxon Mobil Dan Conoco Phillips ... 78
3.5 Dinamika Politik Pasca Dikeluarkannya Undang-Undang Hidrokarbaon Tahun 2001 ... 86
3.6. Dampak dari Kebijakan Nasionalisasi “Gugatan Exxon Mobil dan Conoco Phillips melalui International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)” ... 89
BAB IV PENUTUP 4.1 Kesimpulan ... 95
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ... 100
DAFTAR TABEL DAN GAMBAR
Tabel Penelitian Terdahulu ... 12
Tabel Sistematika Penulisan ... 25
Grafik GDP Venezuela ... 30
Tabel Proses Nasionalisasi ... 94
Gambar 2.1 ... 28
Gambar 2.2 ... 44
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... 103
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Orinoco heavy oil belt Venezuela’s Orinoco Belt may contain upwards of 513 billion barrels of crude oil. However, much of the resource is heavy and requires additional capital to bring it to market. Diakses dari ,
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Patek Wants 60% Stake in Orinoco Projects, diakses dari
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Rafael Ramírez, Apertura Petrolera an attack against Venezuelan oil resources, diakses dari,
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Venezuela Tolak Bayar Mahal Pada Exxonmobilexxonmobil Mengajukan Klaim Arbitrase Pada 2007 Dengan Tuntutan US$10 Miliar.Selasa, 3 Januari 2012, 11:48 Denny Armandhanu, Diakses Dari,
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