Saran

Bab V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.2 Saran

Berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian yang telah didapatkan, maka peneliti menyarankan beberapa hal sebagai berikut:

1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan terhadap ekstrak kulit manggis yang menggunakan air, serta efek toksisitasnya, karena ekstrak air kemungkinan yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat.

2. Perlu dilakukan pengamatan lebih lanjut pengaruh pemberian MSG dan ekstrak etanol kulit manggis pada organ-organ vital lainnya seperti ginjal, pankreas, usus, testis, dan organ lainnya.

3. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pengaruh pemberian MSG dan ekstrak etanol kulit manggis pada penilain kadar serum ALT, yang penurunan kadar nya berbeda bila dibandingkan dengan kadar serum AST

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Lampiran 1. Dokumentasi pembuatan ekstrak kulit manggis

Gambar 1.A.Kulit manggis kering Gambar 1.B.Mesin oven untuk pengeringan kulit manggis

Gambar 1. C. Mesin Pengalus Gambar 1.D. Mesin Rotari

Lampiran.2. Dokumentasi Penelitian Pemeliharaan dan Perlakuan hewan coba

Gambar 2.A.Tempat pemeliharaan hewan coba Gambar 2.B. Perlakuan hewan coba

Gambar 2.C.Kandang mencit kelompok control Gambar 2.D. Mencit setelah dilakukan dislokasi servikal

Gambar 2.E. Keadaan mencit sebelum dilakukan Gambar 2.F. Pembedahan hewan coba pembedahan dan setelah dislokasi leher.

Lampiran.2...

Gambar 2.G. Organ mencit setelah dibelah Gambar 2.H.Pengambilan sampel darah dari jantung

Lampiran 3. Pemeriksaan penelitian kadar ALT dan AST

Gambar 3.A. Laboratorium klinik Pramita Gambar 3.B. Sampel yang telah dilabel

Gambar 3.C.Pemindahan sample ke dalam cup Gambar.3.D Pemisahan serum dalam

tabung eppendrof

Gambar 3.E.Alat otomatis untuk pemeriksaan kadar ALT dan AST

Lampiran 4. Dokumentasi penelitian processing dan pemeriksaan Histopatologi Hati

Gambar 4.A. Tempat Pemeriksaan Histologi Gambar 4.B. Tissue Processing (alat

Hati pemrosesan jaringan PA)

Gambar 4.C. Fiksasi organ dengan buffer formalin Gambar 4.D.Penjernihan dengan xylol

Lampiran 4...

Gambar 4.G.Pengirisan dengan mikrotom Gambar 4.H.Alat untuk penempelan sediaan obyek glass

Gambar 4.I. Pewarnaan dengan Hematoksilin Gambar 4.J. Sediaan sampel yang telah

Eosin siap diamati

Gambar 4.K.Pengamatan histopatologi hati dibawah mikroskop

Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi Processing jaringan histopatologi hati dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia

Gambar 5.A. Deparafinisasi slide Gambar 5.B.Larutan alkohol untuk proses

rehidrasi

Gambar 5.C. Pencucian slide dibawah air Gambar 5. D. Slide preparat dimasukkan kedalam alat ini,± 1 jam

Gambar 5.D.Pelingkaran slide Gambar 5. E, Antibodi tnf-α dengan spidol pap pen

Lampiran 5...

Gambar.5.F. Larutan pengencer antibody Gambar.5.G. Vortex

Gambar 5.H. Larutan TBS, NSH Gambar 5.I. Penetesan antibody

Gambar,5.J. Kromogen Diamino Benzidine Gambar 5.K.Penetesan DAB (DAB)

Lampiran 5...

Gambar 5.L.Pencucian slide Gambar 5.M. Pewarnaan Hematoksilin eosin

Gambar 5.N. Slide siap diamati dibawah mikroskop

Lampiran 6. Dokumentasi foto makroskopis hati

Gambar 6.A .Kelompok kontrol (P0), berat, Gambar 6.B.Kelompok Pemberian MSG

P1, konsistensi,warna dan permukaan berat, konsistensi,warna dan permukaan dalam batas normal ada perbedaan dibandingkan kontrol

Gambar 6.C. Kelompok Pemberian MSG dan Gambar 6.D.Kelompok Pemberian MSG

dan Ekstrak kulit Manggis (P2). Berat, konsistensi, Vitamin E (P3). Berat konsistensi, warna warna dan permukaan dalam batas normal dan permukaan dalam batas normal

Lampiran. 7. Dokumentasi foto histopatologi hati secara pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin, dengan pembesaran 40x

Gambar 7A. Kelompok kontrol( P0), sel-sel Gambar 7.B. Kelompok dengan pemberian hepatosit masih dalam batas normal MSG (P1) sebagian sel mengalami nekrosis yang ditandai dengan inti sel yang

mengalami karyopiknosis (A), kariolisis (B), dan karyoreksi (C) serta sitoplasma yang besar

Gambar 7.C.Kelompok Pemberian MSG dan Gambar 7.D Kelompok Pemberian MSG Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (P2),sebagian sel men- dan Vitamin E (P3) , sebagian sel ngalami karyopiknosis (A), dan karyoreksi (B) mengalami karyopiknosis(A), dan

karyoreksi (B) A C B A B A B

Lampiran 8. Dokumentasi foto histopatologi hati secara pewarnaan tampilan munohistokimia

Gambar 8.A Kontrol Positif (kanker kolon), Gambar 8.B Kelompok kontrol (quadest) Tampilan imunohistokimia TNF-α tertampil (P0). Tampilan imunohistokimia TNF-α

kuat tertampil lemah

Gambar.8.C Kelompok Pemberian MSG (P1) Gambar 8.D Kelompok Pemberian MSG

dan Tampilan imunohistokimia TNF-α tertampil Ekstrak kulit manggis. Tampilan

imunohis-sedang tokimia TNF- α tertampil sedang

Gambar 8.E.Kelompok Pemberian MSG dan Vitamin E (P3) Tampilan imunohistokimia TNF- α tertampil sedang

A

A

A A

Lampiran

Tabel 1. Data AST dan ALT mencit setelah perlakuan. Kelompok Perlakuan Rata-rata

SGOT/AST Rata-rata SGPT/ALT P0 191.60±62.13 67.40±22.32 P1 491.60±141.58 276.20±171.19 P2 254.60±74.93 47.00±21.82 P3 172.20±32.75 116.80±82.50 Oneway ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

AST/SGOT Between Groups 324152.560 4 81038.140 9.914 .000 Within Groups 163477.200 20 8173.860 Total 487629.760 24 Trans_ALT Between Groups 1.852 4 .463 7.548 .001 Within Groups 1.227 20 .061 Total 3.079 24 Berat Hati Between Groups .923 4 .231 2.938 .046 Within Groups 1.571 20 .079 Total 2.494 24

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons Bonferroni Dependen t Variable (I) Kelompok (J) Kelom pok Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

AST/SGO T P0 P1 -300.00000* 57.17993 .000 -480.3112 -119.6888 P2 -63.00000 57.17993 1.000 -243.3112 117.3112 P3 19.40000 57.17993 1.000 -160.9112 199.7112 P1 P0 300.00000* 57.17993 .000 119.6888 480.3112 P2 237.00000* 57.17993 .005 56.6888 417.3112 P3 319.40000* 57.17993 .000 139.0888 499.7112 P2 P0 63.00000 57.17993 1.000 -117.3112 243.3112

P3 82.40000 57.17993 1.000 -97.9112 262.7112 P3 P0 -19.40000 57.17993 1.000 -199.7112 160.9112 P1 -319.40000* 57.17993 .000 -499.7112 -139.0888 P2 -82.40000 57.17993 1.000 -262.7112 97.9112 . Trans_AL T P0 P1 -.54668* .15664 .023 -1.0406 -.0527 P2 .18910 .15664 1.000 -.3049 .6830 P3 -.17567 .15664 1.000 -.6696 .3183 P1 P0 .54668* .15664 .023 .0527 1.0406 P2 .73578* .15664 .001 .2418 1.2297 P3 .37101 .15664 .280 -.1229 .8650 P2 P0 -.18910 .15664 1.000 -.6830 .3049 P1 -.73578* .15664 .001 -1.2297 -.2418 P3 -.36477 .15664 .305 -.8587 .1292 P3 P0 .17567 .15664 1.000 -.3183 .6696 P1 -.37101 .15664 .280 -.8650 .1229 P2 .36477 .15664 .305 -.1292 .8587 Berat Hati P0 P1 .24600 .17726 1.000 -.3130 .8050 P2 .26800 .17726 1.000 -.2910 .8270 P3 -.18600 .17726 1.000 -.7450 .3730 P1 P0 -.24600 .17726 1.000 -.8050 .3130 P2 .02200 .17726 1.000 -.5370 .5810 P3 -.43200 .17726 .243 -.9910 .1270 P2 P0 -.26800 .17726 1.000 -.8270 .2910 P1 -.02200 .17726 1.000 -.5810 .5370 P3 -.45400 .17726 .186 -1.0130 .1050 P3 P0 .18600 .17726 1.000 -.3730 .7450 P1 .43200 .17726 .243 -.1270 .9910 P2 .45400 .17726 .186 -.1050 1.0130

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks

Kelompok N Mean Rank

Kerusakan Hati P0 5 5.50 P1 5 23.00 P2 5 15.50 P3 5 15.50 Total 20 Nekrosis sentrilobular P0 5 5.50 P1 5 23.00 P2 5 15.50 P3 5 15.50 Total 20 Intens.Warna x L.Tampilan P0 5 23.00 P1 5 3.00 P2 5 15.50 P3 5 8.00 Total 20

Test Statisticsa,b Kerusakan Hati Nekrosis

sentrilobular Intens.Warna x L.Tampilan Chi-Square 24.000 24.000 24.000 df 4 4 4 Asymp. Sig. .000 .000 .000

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks

Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Kerusakan Hati P1 5 8.00 40.00 P2 5 3.00 15.00 Total 10 Nekrosis sentrilobular P1 5 8.00 40.00 P2 5 3.00 15.00 Total 10 Intens.Warna x L.Tampilan P1 5 3.00 15.00 P2 5 8.00 40.00 Total 10 Test Statisticsa

Kerusakan Hati Nekrosis sentrilobular Intens.Warna x L.Tampilan Mann-Whitney U .000 .000 .000 Wilcoxon W 15.000 15.000 15.000 Z -3.000 -3.000 -3.000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .003 .003 .003

Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] .008b .008b .008b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok

b. Not corrected for ties.

Ranks

Kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Kerusakan Hati P2 5 5.50 27.50 P3 5 5.50 27.50 Total 10 Nekrosis sentrilobular P2 5 5.50 27.50 P3 5 5.50 27.50 Total 10 Intens.Warna x L.Tampilan P2 5 8.00 40.00 P3 5 3.00 15.00 Total 10

Test Statisticsa

Kerusakan Hati Nekrosis sentrilobular Intens.Warna x L.Tampilan Mann-Whitney U 12.500 12.500 .000 Wilcoxon W 27.500 27.500 15.000 Z .000 .000 -3.000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000 1.000 .003

Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] 1.000b 1.000b .008b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok

b. Not corrected for ties.

Tampilan TNF-α dengan Imunohistokimia

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks

Kelompok TNF-α N Mean Rank

TNF -α (IHC) P0 5 3.00 P1 5 13.00 P2 5 13.00 P3 5 13.00 Total 20

Test Statisticsa,b TNF-α (IHC) Chi-Square 29.000

Df 4

Asymp. Sig. .000

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: Kelompok TNF

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Kelompok TNF-α N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

TNF -α (IHC) P1 5 5.50 27.50 P2 5 5.50 27.50 Total 10 Test Statisticsa TNF -α (IHC) Mann-Whitney U 12.500 Wilcoxon W 27.500 Z .000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] 1.000b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok TNF

b. Not corrected for ties.

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Kelompok TNF-α N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

TNF -α (IHC) P1 5 5.50 27.50 P3 5 5.50 27.50 Total 10 Test Statisticsa TNF-α (IHC) Mann-Whitney U 12.500 Wilcoxon W 27.500 Z .000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] 1.000b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok TNF

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Kelompok TNF-α N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

TNF -α (IHC) P2 5 5.50 27.50 P3 5 5.50 27.50 Total 10 Test Statisticsa TNF -α (IHC) Mann-Whitney U 12.500 Wilcoxon W 27.500 Z .000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] 1.000b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok TNF

b. Not corrected for ties.

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

Kelompok TNF-α N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

TNF -α (IHC) P3 5 3.00 15.00 P4 5 8.00 40.00 Total 10 Test Statisticsa TNF -α (IHC) Mann-Whitney U .000 Wilcoxon W 15.000 Z -3.000

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .003 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] .008b a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok TNF