How to Build Character Education of Early Childhood
E. Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense is used to talk about finished activities and often use with an adverb or adverbial phrase that specifies a time form the past (Lena, 2013). This tense is known as the past simple because, like the present simple tense, it does not need any auxiliary verbs to complete the meaning. The simple past tense only uses the auxiliary verb did when it is used in a question or becomes negative with time indicators such as: the day before yesterday, last year, three days ago, last month.
Here is the sentence structure:
S + Verb2 + ....
When to Use Simple Past Tense
a. Simple past tense is used when the situation was done before speaking or writing time.
Example:
Yesterday, I had a class.
b. The backshift past is used in indirect speech or thought in a backshift from the present tense.
Example:
One of regular teachers in elementary school said when student was grouping, they can work together.
c. The attitudinal past is used as a more polite alternative to the present with thinking or wishing verbs.
Examples:
‘May I help you sir?’ She said.
‘I wanted to know. Is the all training program running well?’.
d. The hypothetical past is used in hypothetical conditions in present or future time, those that deliver belief in the non of accomplishment of the condition.
Example:
I wish an integrated school program started now.
e. The emphatic past tense. This form places special emphasis on the fact that something happened in the past, which usually used as an explanation or to assure someone or something.
Example:
But I’m telling you, I did enroll the school program when you asked me to!
The Characteristics of Simple Past Tense
Some characteristics of this tense are as follow:
a. Used adverbs or adverbial phrases of time in past which can be positioned at the beginning or end of the sentence, for example,
b. Used verb 2 (the past tense form of the verb) such as went, cooked, came, taught, thought, ate, etc.
The Functions of Simple Past Tense
Some functions of this tense are as follow:
a. To explain an act that has happened in the past and is finished at some point in time.
b. Describing repeated actions or events in the past and present does not happen again.
F. Exercise
Complete the gaps with past form of the verbs from brackets!
1. She ……..………… her university studies at the age of twenty. (to finish)
2. Our big family ……..…….… us in the eid al fitr last year. (to visit) 3. I often ……….…… him letter last month. (to send)
4. Rani ………..…..…… home very late last night. (to come) 5. My parents ………me to the Mecca last year. (to take) 6. My brother …………..…… to the dormitory two weeks ago. (to
go)
7. I ……… a deputy of dormitory two years ago. (to be) 8. My friend …………..…… on her 19th birthday last year. (to marry) 9. Dodi ……….……… an accident yesterday. (to get)
10. I ………… meat curry and spicy soup yesterday. (to cook)
G. Writing
Please describe your unforgettable experience, make sure you use simple past tense accurately!
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References
Azar, B. S., & Hagen, S. A. 2009. Understanding and Using English Grammar.
White Plains, NY: Pearson Longman.
Greenbaum, S. 1996. The Oxford English Grammar. New York: Oxford University Press.
Herring, P. 2016. Complete English Grammar Rules. Ireland: FARLEX International.
Lena, M. S. 2013. Academic English. Bandar Lampung, Indonesia:
PUSIKAMLA. ISBN. 978-602-7666-24-5.
Lester, M. 2012. Practice Makes Perfect English Verb Tenses Up Close. New York: McGraw Hill.
Martin, H. 2001. Advance Grammar in Use. England: Cambridge.
Prastyo, H. 2017. Tata Bahasa Inggris: Jilid Pertama. Mojokerto: Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pelatihan International English Institute of Indonesia.
Werner, P. K. & John, P. N. 2007. Interactions 2 Grammar. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill.
Young, A. R. & Ann, O. S. 2006. Nitty-Gritty Grammar. USA: Cambridge University Press.
[HALAMAN INI SENGAJA DIKOSONGKAN]
A. Discuss the Following Questions with Your Friends!
1. What is an inferior teen?
2. What are characteristics of inferior person?
3. What makes someone become inferior?
4. Do you have any interaction with inferior person?
5. Do you think inferior teens can be healed?
B. Read the Text Carefully!
Inferior Teens
Adolescence is the one who is between the age of 11 to 20 years old.
This is a transition process of a person from childhood to adulthood. At this time, an individual tends to experience stress and have problems.
One of the problems that often occurs in adolescents is inferiority or low self-esteem. Inferior in adolescence marked by negative response by teenagers against themselves, such as lack of confidence, feeling worthless, excessive guilt. The low self-esteem or inferiority might make teems tend to be introvert, reserved, lack of sociaization with their peers, and so forth.
Many factors make adolescents become inferior people. One of them is that the failure in childhood before adolescence. According to
Inferior Teens
Unit 6
Erik H. Erikson, a psychologist, there are eight individual development stages during his lifetime; it is called “Psychosocial” phase. One of those stages is the stage of “Industry vs. Inferiority”, this phase lasts from age 6 to 11 years. This stage can also be called by the end of childhood.
It is a period in which children begin busy with developing themselves and socializing with friends.
The role of parents is also essential at this stage. If a child does not get support and motivation from parents and the environment, then the child will fail at this stage and become an inferior person. For example, a child has a hobby of drawing, but his parents do not support his hobby even mocking and demeaning him by saying that his hobby is not attractive and will not be useful in the future. This is certainly not only affecting the child in childhood but also after becoming a teenager, he will be inferior or have low self-esteem. Parents should give a good contribution to the children in the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority. The success of a child at this stage would have a good impact for him, showed by self-confidence and feeling valued and appreciated. Failure in this stage will harm children, showed by inferiority. Success or failure of that stage would affect the next steps, including the adolescent stage.
C. Answer the Following Questions!
1. One of the stages described by Erick. H Erick about the stages of individual development during his life is the stage of “Industry vs. Inferiority “, at this stage the role of parents is very important.
What do you think if a child, who does not have parents, is that child sure to fail at this stage and become an inferior person?
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2. What can we do as parents to prevent inferiority in children?
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3. For the success of the industrial vs inferiority stage, support from parents and the environment is needed. What if one of the two components is not there will this stage be successful?
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4. If a teenager already feels inferior or inferior, what solutions can we do to get rid of the inferiority of an inferiority teenager?
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5. What are the factors that can make children inferiority?
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6. What is the right way for parents who want to convey their desires, direct their children without making the child feel that their parents do not support their hobby, feel humiliated which causes the child to become inferior?
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7. What impact will happen in the future if a child is affected by inferiority?
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8. Will a child who has low self-esteem succeed in his life or vice verse? Give your opinion!
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9. What are the factors that make adolescents feel inferior?
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10. Does adolescence lie in the age range?
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D. Complete the Following Sentences with Appropriate Words in the Box!
Motivation Inferiority Demeaning
Introvert Worthless
1. ……….. or low self-esteem is one of the problems that tends to happen in adults.
2. Negative response marks the adolescence inferiority such as lack of confidence, feeling ……….…., excessive guilt.
3. Teenagers tend to be ……….…., reserved, lack of socialization with their peers, and so forth because of inferiority.
4. If parents do not contribute support and ………. for their child, then the child will proclaim a failure at “Industry vs.
Inferiority” stage and become an inferior person.
5. Parents do not support the child’s hobby and even mocking and
…………..…… him. This example leads to excess inferiority.