Week 1/2 – Concepts of Health & Disease, Terminology
1. What is the difference between a symptom and a sign? Give 1 example of each.
- A symptom is an subjective examination e.g. Headaches - A sign is an objective illness e.g. Redness
2. Name the term that fits the definitions below a) The likely outcome of a disease: Prognosis b) The negative consequence of a disease: Sequelae
c) A disease characterised by the presence of symptoms and signs: Clinical Syndrome
3. Often the terms communicable and contagious are confused with each other. How do they differ?
Communicable diseases are passed down from human to human contact. Contagious diseases are extreme communicable diseases that are highly infectious.
4. Give the term that best describes the definition at (a)
a) Diseases that are constantly present in a population: Endemic b) Give 1 example of this type of disease: Flu
5. Name the organ described by this prefix a) Cardi(o): Heart
b) Proct(o): Rectum
c) Salping(o): Fallopian tube, Uterine tube d) Choledoch(o): Bile duct
e) Kerat(o): Cornea f) Vas: Vessel
6. Describe what is meant by the following suffixes and prefixes a) Dys-: Difficulty of…
b) Men(o)-: Menstruation c) –aemia: Blood
d) –orrhoea: Flow through of…
7. What do the following abbreviations mean?
a) DDx: Differential Diagnosis b) Rx: Treatment
c) 1/12: 1 month
8. Describe the meaning of the following words a) Cardiomyopathy : Disorder of the cardiac muscle b) Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing/eating
Week 3 – Stress and Cell Injury 1
1. Define the term injury
Any stress on tissue that disrupts its normal structure and function. This can lead to a pathological process on tissue cells.
2. What is a Multifactorial Inheritance Disorder - Many gene defects
- Environmental component
3. Name 2 examples of tissues with permanent cells - Neurons
- Cardiac Muscle
4. What is the difference between Colliquative and Coagulative necrosis?
Colliquative necrosis is the liquefying of the cytoplasm due to lytic cells breaking it down.
Coagulative necrosis is the solidifying of the cytoplasm due to denaturation of protein.
5. Explain how tissue injury leads to decreased protein synthesis?
1. Mitochondria damage 2. Aerobic
3. ATP 4. ER damage
5. Ribosome Damage
