A GRADUATION EXERCISE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GROUP. This is to prove that the work presented in the thesis is a result of the investigation carried out by the authors under the supervision of Lecturer Nuruzzaman Rakib, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sonargaon University (su), Dhaka. It is hereby declared that this thesis has been submitted for the award of graduation only and has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.
It is certified that the thesis entitled FURMULATION OF BIO FULE FOR OPTIMAL ENGINE PERFORMANCE, submitted by Nazmul Huda Babu (ID: BME Omur Faruque (ID: BME Jhanggir Alom (ID: BME) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Science) in the department of mechanical engineering, Sonargaon University, Dhaka, Bangladesh is an authentic work carried out under my supervision and guidance.To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree No. Neem (Azadirachtaindica) is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae that is widely cultivated in different parts of India.
Neem oil also contains steroids (campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigma sterol) and a host of triterpenoids, of which Azadirachtin is the most studied [4]. This study aims to consider aspects related to the feasibility of the production of biodiesel from neem oil in an attempt to produce biodiesel using the abundantly grown wood naturally as the use of vegetable oils for. Biodiesel is a monoalkyl ester (methyl or ethyl ester) of long-chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipids from neem oil.
This study aims to examine the aspects related to the feasibility of biodiesel production from neem oil.
Methodology
The first documented commercial production of 471 rapeseed oil methyl esters is reported to be in 1988[5].
Experimental Setup of Transesterification
Advantages of Biofuels
Extraction of neem oil and production of biodiesel
Cleaning of Neem Seeds
Method of Neem oil Extraction
Procedure to Calculate FFA (Free Fatty Acid)
Calculation of amount of free fatty acid in oil
Transesterification of vegetable oils
In the United States, ethanol biofuel is made primarily from corn (corn) kernels and is usually blended with gasoline to produce "gasohol," a fuel that contains 10 percent ethanol. In fact, the largest market for biofuels, which will be converted to generate energy for over 350,000 homes from landfill gas in the UK. While cells are still in the process of development, they have the potential to become a ready source of energy.
It is important to note that this net benefit depends on how much energy was used in fuel production, such as fertilizers, agriculture, transportation and manufacturing. Under this agreement, suppliers of fuel for transport and non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) in the UK must be able to demonstrate that a certain percentage of the fuel they supply comes from renewable and sustainable sources. Cooking oil is the most widespread source of biodiesel in the UK (142 million litres, 8% of total fuel, 16% of biodiesel).
Corn is the most reported source of bioethanol in Ukraine (135 million liters, 8% of total fuel, 16% of bioethanol). The raw materials involved in the reaction are neem oil, alcohol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Increasing the engine speed to 1050 rpm increased the thermal efficiency of the brake, as well as fuel consumption.
NOX emission characteristics with respect to different BMEPs in different Neem oil blends were found. The result shows that diesel fuel has lower NOX emission and Neem blended oil has higher NOX emission. Compared to conventional fuel, NOX emission increases by 5% with Neem oil blend.
The presence of oxygen in the NOME helps produce a greater amount of NOX The effect of fuel injection also plays a role in the higher NOX. The reductions in CO and smoke emissions and the increase in NOX emissions with Diesel – NOME blends may be related to the oxygen content of the fuel. It could be seen from the color of the biofuel compared to the commercial fuel/diesel.
It could be noted for (neem oil) biodiesel produced at home, density was measured with hydrometer and pycnometer, it can be noted that sunflower oil has the highest density because vegetable oils are denser in their chemical structure. It could be noted from the table that the neem oil has the highest viscosity among the other fuels because vegetable oils tend to be quite viscous and do not flow too easily. The lower heating value (also known as net calorific value) of a fuel is defined as the amount of heat released by burning a specified amount (initially at 33.4°C) and returning the temperature of combustion products to 150° C, which assumes the latent quantity. heat of vaporization of water in the reaction products not recovered. Table shows the experimental results of lower heating value for neem.
It is notable that diesel has the highest calorific value, which means that the energy released when burning diesel is the highest, while biofuel (neem oil) comes next in terms of the amount of energy released.
Type of Biofuel
Provide heat
As the primary use of natural gas derived from fossil fuels, the heat from hydraulic fracturing will lead to the production of natural gas. Although natural gas does not have to come from fossil material, it can also come from recently grown material. According to scientists from Saint Luis University, a fuel cell using cooking oil and sugar has been developed to generate electricity; consumers will be able to use it.
Consumers could potentially use fuel cells in place of batteries to charge anything from computers to cell phones.
Clean oil Spills andGreaseSpills
Cooking
Lubricate
Remove paint and adhesive
Biofuel – will help the government create a stable method of producing energy that is cost effective. Analysts say replacing imported oil with biofuels will help stabilize the economy when oil is disrupted. It doesn't matter how much the US spends on oil imports, but how the overall economy needs to be stabilized.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuels …
Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
The most used voluntary scheme without a second scheme listed was ISCC at 86% of fuel (including a second scheme increases this to 89%).
EU Renewable Energy Directive and Fuel Quality Directive
Flow Chart of Biofuel from Neem Oil
The purpose is to investigate the importance of the ratio of alcohol to oil and the amount of catalyst on the yield and quality of the produced biofuel. First of all, we use 12g of alcohol and 1g of sodium hydroxide in the pot and mix these together to create sodium hydroxide. To study the effect of brake thermal efficiency, the engine speed was run at different levels from 500-1500 rpm. In this study, four cylinder IDI diesel engines were used as the test engine.
Test engine specifications as reported by them were 20o CA BTDC injection timing and 120 bar pressure. Beyond 1050 rpm there was a slight drop in thermal braking efficiency even with higher fuel consumption. This is an indicator of a calorific value with increasing fuel consumption. At 1050 rpm, there was high brake thermal efficiency indicating complete fuel combustion, hence further studies were conducted at this rpm.
Smoke emission
NO X emission
Conclusion
Processing of Biofuel FromNeem oil
Equipments
After the biofuel is made from Neemoil, it is tested in the DUET Lab, comparing all its properties Fuel (Show table). For the biofuel produced from NeemOil, it can be noted that it is not of bad quality. Note: These tests for thesis purposes to provide student's research performance. For the results of the properties determined for Neemoil, diesel and biodiesel.
It could also be noted that diesel and biofuel have almost closed densities, with higher density for biodiesel due to the fact that biodiesel is made from vegetable oil and converted to 100% biodiesel. Biodiesel has higher viscosity than fuel, especially biofuel produced at home, because neem oil was completely converted into biofuel, it is known that neem oil has high viscosity. A cloud point refers to the temperature at which a solution of a surfactant begins to agglomerate on a molecular label, generating a physically cloudy appearance.
Properties of biofuel from Neem Oil
Flash Point
Density
Kinematic viscosity
CetaneNumber
Cloud Point
Lower heating value(LHV)
