UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
EKC 107 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
EXPERINMENT 3
SAPONIFICATION
NAME NO. MATRIC
MUHAMMAD NUR RAMADHAN BIN ABDUL RAZAK 125150
THAYASREE A/P KALIAPPAN 125185
LAB INSTRUCTOR DR. MASRINA MOHD NADZIR
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
EKC 107 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LABORATORY COURSE
Name of student : MUHAMMAD NUR RAMADHAN BIN ABDUL RAZAK Matrix number : 125150
Instructor : DR.DERECK CHAN
The preparation of soap from fat and lye has been, historically, a household task. Only in the last century has the making of soap become a commercial undertaking. Our ancestors made soap by boiling animal fats with the lye obtained from leaching wood ashes. In this experiment, we will make soap by the same process, called saponification, but will use modern ingredients.
In the process of making soap, animal fat, which is a triglyceride, is hydrolyzed by the action of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, and heat. The resulting products are soap and glycerol
A process by which lipid (triglycerides) are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt, called ‘soap’.
Lipids that contain fatty acid ester linkages can undergo hydrolysis. This reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid or base. Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters. An example of the reaction is:
Fatty acids are the components of fats and oils that are used in making soap. They are weak carboxylic acids composed of two parts:
An alkali is a soluble salt of an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. Originally, the alkalis used in soap making were obtained from the ashes of plants, but they are now made commercially. Today, the term alkali describes a substance that chemically is a base (the opposite of an acid) and that reacts with and neutralizes an acid. The common alkalis used in soap making are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also called caustic soda; and potassium hydroxide (KOH), also called caustic potash.