1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer presents an introduction. It covers the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the study
Literature concerns with human being life. Literature is usually used by human beings to communicate in order to express their feeling, thoughts, ideas, and also share information. Therefore, literature also can be applied through many written forms. Literary works are imaginative and creative. It also has a wonderful meaning
Kusnosoebroto states that literature is rooted in one of the most basic human desire, and man have taken pleasure in the imaginary adventures and experiences of imaginary people (1988:1). It means that literature is connected with life because it describes the events and the things that can happen in a society, what human being has experienced in his life or it describes the reality. In discussing literature, it should be pointed out that literature could not be separated from its social environment, in which a close relationship between literature and society appears as the appreciation of the literary problem. Therefore, by reading literature, people will get vision and new experience indirectly from the author’s solution.
2
people’s imagination and it does not only give us and enjoyment but also give understanding of life,because literature talks about human life. According to Francis Connolly in Koesnosoebroto, the reason for reading literature is because of hunger of information, or amusement, or solace, because of an appetite for truth that seem to grow by what it feeds on (1988:1)
Midega (2011) explains that literature shares with film because it has the ability to employ the structures and devices narrative. Sequence of images on screen told a story and this is equivalent to the sequence of words on page. The use of language in film established firmly the connections to literature. Films, just like in literature, present i) action ii) images iii) words replicating life. Literary works also have a stylistic and thematic basis in a realistic presentation of characters and incidents.
In age of increasing electronic communication, the concept of films study is suddenly expanded to become “screen education”, which includes the study of film,
television, and various projected forms of mixed media.In “the America film institute desk reference” (2002), Scorsese stated that films are part of our artistic heritage- some say that film is history. Movies made at a certain time, even minor ones, document the way of thinking and speaking, the behavior and the style of people’s
life of that society and the popular music, clothes, and language of that time. In other words, film will show how people live in certain places, how people will think and act to certain things and the real life of the society.
3
the development of life, science, art, and technology that we do not know before. There are many people who are interested in film. Film is supposed to be an image of the real world.
One of interesting films is “Freedom Writers”. It is one of dramatic films which is directed by Richard Lagravenese, an American film director. This film tells about Mrs. Erin Gruwell sacrifices. Mrs. Erin Gruwell is a new teacher at Wilson Senior High School, she teach freshman English. Mrs. Erin Gruwell chose Wilson Senior High School because of integration program. In the class, all of her students are gangsters and they have low capabilities of knowledge. At the first time she teaches her students did not pay attention with her because they underestimate Erin as a teacher. Until a few days later, Mrs. Erin was at a peak of her patience so, she reorganized the class and she effort to make her students to get a good knowledge. Mrs. Erin tries to borrow a book in the library but department of school did not give permission for her and she tries to consult their problem with the other teacher but no one respect with her. So, she is doing many sacrifices for her student’s knowledge. Until, she is willing to sacrifice her family’s happiness for their students.
Based on the explanation, the writer analyzes this film because it is related to life while it is also based on the true story and it will show how schools life with all the things is inside it.
1.2 Statement of the problem
4
1. What are the reasons of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in the film?
2. How are the efforts and results of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in the film? 3. What is the effect of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in thefilm?
1.3 Purpose of the study
The writer states the purposes of the study in order to achieve a good result. 1. To explain the reasons of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in thefilm.
2. To describe the efforts and result of Mrs. Erin Gruwell sacrifices in the film. 3. To dig out the effect of Mrs. Erin Gruwell do the sacrifices in the film.
1.4 Significance of the study
The result of the study is expected to be able to encourage the readers to pay attention to literature. Secondly, the result of the study is expected to provide the reference for the students who are interested in literature, in this case is film. The result of the study is also expected to give a description or some information to the readers about the films entitledFreedom Writers directed by David Lagravenese.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding of key terms, related to the study, the writer clarifies them as follows:
a. Analysis is to identify the separate parts of a literary work that make it up (this correspond roughly to the notion of tearing it to pieces), to determine the relationship among the parts, and to discover the relation of the parts to the whole (Kenney, 1966).
b. Sacrifices is an act of giving something of value for the sake of something that is of greater value or importance (oxford dictionary eleventh edition) c. Film is human expression that is reflecting the human thinking, act, behavior,
lifestyle, and anything related to human kind which becomes a story with all the meaning inside it
d. Freedom writers is the title of an American film, that tells about the sacrifice
AN ANALYSIS OF Mrs. ERIN GRUWELL’S SACRIFICES IN
“FREEDOM WRITERS” FILM
THESIS
By:
ANITA RAHMAWATI 09360048
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AN ANALYSIS OF Mrs. ERIN
GRUWELL’S SACRIFICES IN
“FREEDOM WRITERS” FILM
THESIS
By:
ANITA RAHMAWATI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AN ANALYSIS OF Mrs. ERIN GRUWELL’S SACRIFICES IN
“FREEDOM WRITERS” FILM
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to Achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
ANITA RAHMAWATI 09360048
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
This thesis written by Anita Rahmawati was approved on November 6, 2014
By
Advisor II, Advisor I,
Dra. Thathit M. Andini, M.Hum Drs. Imam Mahfudz
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English education
on November 6, 2014
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Examiners:
1. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum.
2.Puji Sumarsono, S.Pd., M.Pd. 3. Drs. Imam Mahfudz.
4. Dra. Thathit M. Andini, M. Hum.
………
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
:Harga kebaikan manusia adalah diukur menurut apa yang
telah dilaksanakan /diperbuatnya.
(Ali Bin Abi Thalib)
Berangkat dengan penuh keyakinan
If you study to
‘remember’,
Berjalan dengan penuh keikhlasan
you will forget,
Istiqomah dalam menghadapi cobaan
but if you study to
‘understand’,
“YAKIN, IKHLAS, ISTIQOMAH “
you will remember…
(Anonymous)
(Bodrum)
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved father and mother,
My beloved brother and sister,
My friends,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praise be to Allah, Lord of the Universe, who gives the researcher guidance and strength, so she could finish this thesis. Peace and blessing be upon the Prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, his relatives and his followers.
On this occasion, the researcher wants to say many thanks to her beloved parents, my beloved father Samsul Anwar, S.E and my beloved mother NurAj’Mala for their affection, motivation, prayer, spiritual, and financial support. The researcher also wants to give her gratitude to Drs. Imam Mahfudz and Dra. Thathit M. Andini, M.Hum for their time, guidance, patient, kindness, and contribution in supervising, correcting and helping her finishing this thesis. Their companion during the whole process is very encouraging and helpful not only in terms of giving suggestion on the writing but also in terms of giving support for the researcher.
The researcher also would like to express her special thanks and appreciation to:
1. Dr. Muhadjir Effendy, MAP, the Rector of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
2. Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes, the Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. All of the Lectures in English Department who have taught and educated the researcher during study at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. The researcher’s friends who had been learning together in English Department and helping the researcher through the process of this thesis:, Muhammad AdiUtama, S.Kom, NurinYusrinaPrasetyani, S.Pd, AyuAriany, S.Pd, Fanny Kartika Sari, S.Pd, Onyon, Ailin, Diana, Arina, Rindha, Lusi, Lusa, Nyot, Kakak Sani, Cumik, Bebeb and lots of friend the researcher cannot write down one by one.
5. Someone who has become a new chapter in my life, Adi Hendri Wijaya, S.Kom for love, support, patient and protect me, although he must be leave me to work in Jakarta but you have given me the greatest support in finishing it. Thanks for all.
6. For everybody who always helps me but I cannot mention one by one since the limitation of the space. Thank you so much.
In the end, I truly realize that some imperfectness might occur in this thesis. Thus, I am gladly looking forward to any supporting advices and critics.
Malang, 6 November 2014
Anita Rahmawati
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Literature ... 6
2.4.3 Characters and Actors ... 17
2.5 Sacrifice ... 18
2.6 Kind of sacrifice ... 19
2.7 Effect of Sacrifice ... 20
2.8 The Causes of sacrifice ... 21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 22
3.2 Approach ... 23
3.3 Research Object ... 25
3.4 Research Instrument ... 25
3.5 Data Collection ... 25
3.6 Data Analysis ... 26
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Finding ... 27
4.1.1 The Reasons of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s Sacrifices ... 27
4.1.2 The Way of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s Sacrifices ... 32
4.1.3 The effect of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices ... 43
4.2 Discussion ... 45
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 48
5.2 Suggestion ... 59 REFERENCES
APPENDIX I : SYNOPSIS
APPENDIX II : SCRIPT “FREEDOM WRITER’S” FILM
REFERENCES
Abrams, M.H. 1999. A Glossary of Literature Terms, 7th Edition. New York; Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
Ary, Donal. 2006. Introduction to Research and Education: Seventh Edition.
Wadsworth Tompson Learning: United Stated of America.
Bennett, Andrew and Nicholas Royle. 2004. An Introduction to Literature, Criticsm and Theory, 3rd Edition. Britain: Pearson Education Limited.
Degu, Getu and Tegbar Yigzaw. 2006. Research Methodology. America: University of Gondar.
Dirks. 2010. Main Film Genre. Retrieved from http://www.filmsite.org/genre.html. Eder, Jens, Fotis Jannidis, and Ralf Schneider (Ed). 2010. Characters in Fictional
Worlds: Walter de Gruyter GmbH&Co.KG. Retrieved from: gen.lib.rus.ec.on21st May 2013.
Film Noir Movies. Retrieved from http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-film-noir-movies.php on 1st may 2013
Grant, Keith Barry. 2007. Film Genre from Iconography to Ideology. London: Wallflower Press. Retrieved from http:
www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&ald=13089 on 20th May 2013
Hall, M. & Hall, J. 2011. Sacrifice and Marital Satisfaction, Retrieved from
http://counsellngoutfitters.com/vistas11/Article_20.pdf
Heathwood.2011. preferentism and Self-sacrifice. California. University of Southern California & Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Impett. E & Gordon, Ammie. 2008. Capitalizing on Emotional Experiences. Path: {book} Glud-Lopez-08-0210/Application/GluD-LOPEZ-08-0210-005_V2.3d Kogan, et, al. 2010. When Giving Feels Good. Hongkong published online
10.1177/0956797610388815 psychological science. December 2010. Vol 21 no 12 1918-1924
Kusnosoebroto, S.B. 1988. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta. Depdikbud. Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi
Langford, Barry. 2005. Film Genre: Hollywood and Beyond. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh. Retrieved from: gen.lib.rus.ec. on 25th May 2013
Midega, John. 2011. In the Presentation during Awards. Rater viewed from
http://www.filmsite.org/genres.html
Mattingly, Brent A. 2007. Research Report: The Effect of Sacrifice Types and Motives on Romantic Relationship Quality. Saint Louis. ISSN
Moleong, Lexy J. 2009. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: RemajaRosdakarya.
Newman, Jackie. 2008. GCSE Film Studies for WJEC, First Published. Heineman Pearson Education: USA.
Oxford Dictionary Eleventh Edition. 2005. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rajasekar S, P. Philominathan and V. Chinnathambi. 2006. Research Methodology.
(Online), (www.physics.ed).
Schmidt, Crocket, Bogarad. 2006. “Legacies Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Non fiction. 3rd
Edition”. United State. Thomson. Wordsworth.
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer presents an introduction. It covers the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the study
Literature concerns with human being life. Literature is usually used by human beings to communicate in order to express their feeling, thoughts, ideas, and also share information. Therefore, literature also can be applied through many written forms. Literary works are imaginative and creative. It also has a wonderful meaning
Kusnosoebroto states that literature is rooted in one of the most basic human desire, and man have taken pleasure in the imaginary adventures and experiences of imaginary people (1988:1). It means that literature is connected with life because it describes the events and the things that can happen in a society, what human being has experienced in his life or it describes the reality. In discussing literature, it should be pointed out that literature could not be separated from its social environment, in which a close relationship between literature and society appears as the appreciation of the literary problem. Therefore, by reading literature, people will get vision and new experience indirectly from the author’s solution.
2
people’s imagination and it does not only give us and enjoyment but also give understanding of life,because literature talks about human life. According to Francis Connolly in Koesnosoebroto, the reason for reading literature is because of hunger of information, or amusement, or solace, because of an appetite for truth that seem to grow by what it feeds on (1988:1)
Midega (2011) explains that literature shares with film because it has the ability to employ the structures and devices narrative. Sequence of images on screen told a story and this is equivalent to the sequence of words on page. The use of language in film established firmly the connections to literature. Films, just like in literature, present i) action ii) images iii) words replicating life. Literary works also have a stylistic and thematic basis in a realistic presentation of characters and incidents.
In age of increasing electronic communication, the concept of films study is suddenly expanded to become “screen education”, which includes the study of film,
television, and various projected forms of mixed media.In “the America film institute desk reference” (2002), Scorsese stated that films are part of our artistic heritage- some say that film is history. Movies made at a certain time, even minor ones, document the way of thinking and speaking, the behavior and the style of people’s
life of that society and the popular music, clothes, and language of that time. In other words, film will show how people live in certain places, how people will think and act to certain things and the real life of the society.
3
the development of life, science, art, and technology that we do not know before. There are many people who are interested in film. Film is supposed to be an image of the real world.
One of interesting films is “Freedom Writers”. It is one of dramatic films which is directed by Richard Lagravenese, an American film director. This film tells about Mrs. Erin Gruwell sacrifices. Mrs. Erin Gruwell is a new teacher at Wilson Senior High School, she teach freshman English. Mrs. Erin Gruwell chose Wilson Senior High School because of integration program. In the class, all of her students are gangsters and they have low capabilities of knowledge. At the first time she teaches her students did not pay attention with her because they underestimate Erin as a teacher. Until a few days later, Mrs. Erin was at a peak of her patience so, she reorganized the class and she effort to make her students to get a good knowledge. Mrs. Erin tries to borrow a book in the library but department of school did not give permission for her and she tries to consult their problem with the other teacher but no one respect with her. So, she is doing many sacrifices for her student’s knowledge. Until, she is willing to sacrifice her family’s happiness for their students.
Based on the explanation, the writer analyzes this film because it is related to life while it is also based on the true story and it will show how schools life with all the things is inside it.
1.2 Statement of the problem
4
1. What are the reasons of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in the film?
2. How are the efforts and results of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in the film? 3. What is the effect of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in thefilm?
1.3 Purpose of the study
The writer states the purposes of the study in order to achieve a good result. 1. To explain the reasons of Mrs. Erin Gruwell’s sacrifices in thefilm.
2. To describe the efforts and result of Mrs. Erin Gruwell sacrifices in the film. 3. To dig out the effect of Mrs. Erin Gruwell do the sacrifices in the film.
1.4 Significance of the study
The result of the study is expected to be able to encourage the readers to pay attention to literature. Secondly, the result of the study is expected to provide the reference for the students who are interested in literature, in this case is film. The result of the study is also expected to give a description or some information to the readers about the films entitledFreedom Writers directed by David Lagravenese.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding of key terms, related to the study, the writer clarifies them as follows:
a. Analysis is to identify the separate parts of a literary work that make it up (this correspond roughly to the notion of tearing it to pieces), to determine the relationship among the parts, and to discover the relation of the parts to the whole (Kenney, 1966).
b. Sacrifices is an act of giving something of value for the sake of something that is of greater value or importance (oxford dictionary eleventh edition) c. Film is human expression that is reflecting the human thinking, act, behavior,
lifestyle, and anything related to human kind which becomes a story with all the meaning inside it
d. Freedom writers is the title of an American film, that tells about the sacrifice
