ISLAMIC FEMINISM AS REFLECTED IN MAIN WOMEN
CHARACTER OF AYAT-AYAT CINTA AND SURGA
YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN MOVIE
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
IKA NURITA KINANTI
REG.NUMBER 2122220010
ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
ARTS AND LANGUAGES FACULTY
ABSTRACT
Kinanti, Ika Nurita. 2122220010. Islamic Feminism as Reflected in Main Woman Character of Ayat-Ayat Cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan Movie. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016. The title of this thesis is Islamic Feminism as Reflected in Main Woman Character of Ayat-ayat Cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan Movie. This study are aimed to analyze what are the Islamic feminism issues reflected in the main women character in Ayat-Ayat Cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan movie and the Islamic Feminism issue reflected in those two main women character. The data of this study were taken from the spoken utterances by the two main women character Aisyah in Ayat-ayat Cinta and Citra Arini in Surga yang tak dirindukan movie deals with the Islamic feminism issues. The writer applies the theory from Baden about The Position of woman in Islamic countries (1992). She divided the
woman’s movement based on Islamic way of life in four categories they are (1)
Equality of Status, (2) Equal Responsibility, (3) Independent ownership of property/independent incomes, and (4) Poligamy consideration. There were 16 spoken utterances of Aisyah involved in Ayat-ayat Cinta movie and found only one utterance dealt with equality of status, 7 utterances dealt with independent ownership of property/independent incomes, 8 utterances dealt with polygamy consideration and there were no utterances dealt with equal responsibility element while from 21 utterances of Citra Arini in Surga yang tak dirindukan movie were found one utterance dealt with equality of status, 18 utterances dealt with polygamy consideration, one utterance dealt with independent ownership of property and one utterance dealt with equal responsibility elements.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thanks to Allah SWT and the prophet
Muhammad SAW for the blessing and helping during her academic year at
English Literature Department Faculty of Languages and Arts (FBS) State
University of Medan. The writer also very grateful to the following people:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, Rector of State University of Medan. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts (FBS) State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English and Literature Department and her Thesis Examiner as well as Dra. Meisuri, M.A, the
Secretary of English and Literature Department. Syamsul Bahri, S.S,
M.Hum, the Head of English Literature Study Program and Nora Ronita, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of English Education Study Program.
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum, her Thesis Supervisor, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S, as her Thesis Supervisor And Academic Advisor and Rika, S.Pd, M.Hum, as her Thesis Examiner.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd, the administration staff of English Department, who helped her to fulfill this Thesis.
Her beloved father Wagiran, she knows that God have him in his arms but she has him in her heart and her wonderful mother Supriani Siagian,
who patiently give the advices for her encouragement, financial support,
endless love and prayers, as well as her sisters Siti Nurkhalizah and Dian
Nurfauziah, who filled her life surely and her lovely cousins, Yusi Helmi, S.Pdi, Nurfatimah Panjaitan, S.Ked, Dzul Khoiruddin adha, S.Komi, Heri, Rina, Lina, Agus, Rama, Cici, Ari, Ridho, Irva, Tio, Habib, Ikhsan, Wardah, Rahma, Zahra, Fatir, Isnan who gave the inspiration during her academic year and all the family who had already supported her
study, giving advices and taught her encouragement during her academic
year.
Hasnah Harahap, Elda Rekli Jannah S.Pd, who patiently accept her strength and weakness and being trustable for everything that she give
over them and also all her beloved classmate since 2012 in English
Literature B, Anastasya Manurung, S.S, Juli Sibarani S.S, Maria Panjaitan, S.S, Ridho Wibowo S.S, Aguni Berutu, Boy Gea, Chairi Ichwana, Devi Wau, Donny Pirsou, Doni Sitanggang, Elshadai Purba, Herianto Manalu, Marbet Sinaga, Nia Sinaga, Prasetyo, Rio Sitorus, Reza Rambe, Sharli Marina, Saiful Amri, Tebi Silitonga, Via Harahap, Valdy Rifzky, Yuni Tarigan, she really thankful for having them in her academic year.
Medan, Agustus 2016 The writer
TABLE OF CONTENT
A. The Background of the Study………...1
B. The Problems of the Study………...5
C. The Scope of the Study………....5
D. The Objectives of the Study………...6
E. The Significance of the Study………...6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE………...……......7
A. Framework of Theory……….………...7
1. Feminism………...7
2. Islamic Feminism………....9
3. Characteristics of Islamic Feminism……….13
7. Character………....25
a. Types of Character………..…26
1. The Main Character………...26
2. The Minor Character………..………...26
B. Relevant Studies………...27
C. Conceptual Framework………...28
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………...…………...30
A. Research Design………....30
B.Source of Data………...30
C.Technique of Collecting Data………...31
D.Technique of Analyzing Data………...31
CHAPTER IV: THE DATA AND THE DATA ANALYSIS……….………..32
A. The Data………32
B. The Data Analysis……….33 C. Research Findings……….42
D. Discussion………...43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.………45 A. Conclusions………...45
B. Suggestions………...46
LIST OF CHARTS
Pages
Chart 4.1 Aisyah’s utterances in Ayat-ayat Cinta………32
Chart 4.2 Citra Arini’s utterances in Surga yang tak dirindukan………33
Chart 4.3 Islamic Feminism issues reflected by Aisyah……….34
LIST OF TABLE
Pages
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A………...49
Appendix B………...53
Appendix C………...59
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Gender as the ethnic of human group in society is the main factor that
constructs human status. Gender also the cause of conflict and social exchange
which expands in patriarchy system that placed women in unfortunate position
including cultural, structural and ecology (Umar, 1995:84). They thought that
being women belongs to be a house keeper and baby sitter.
For a long time ago, women has been categorizes as a soft and lovely
creature, due to that they were a wife and mother for their children. In many
cultures, women are forbidden to freely participating and expressing opinion in
social environment. They were scared to pop out feelings perhaps they were under
pressure because of the society rules and traditions.
In 1998, when the political downfall of the Suharto administration marked
the end of new order, which has characterized by a 32-year period of authoritarian
rule and opening the way for democracy, women in Indonesia started to working
actively on women’s right issues within the context of woman’s movement or
commonly called feminism. Many of them concern issues of gender and have
triggered profound debates about women’s right and gender equality (Aris,
2
Feminism is a range of movements and ideologies that share a common
goal: to define, establish, and achieve equal political, economic, cultural, personal,
and social rights for women. Feminism refers to a series of campaigns for reforms
on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal
pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence.
Feminism also considers the traditions, practices, texts, and theologies of
religions from a feminist perspective. Its goals include increasing the role of
women among the clergy and religious authorities, reinterpreting male-dominated
imagery and language about the deity or deities, determining women's place in
relation to career and motherhood, and studying images of women in the religion's
sacred texts. In liberal branches of Protestant Christianity, women are now
allowed to be ordained as clergy, and in Reform, Conservative and
Reconstructionist Judaism, women are now allowed to be ordained as rabbis and
cantors. In some of these groups, some women are gradually obtaining positions
of power that were formerly only held by men, and their perspectives are now
sought out in developing new statements of belief. These trends, however, have
been resisted within most sects of, Roman Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity and
Islam.
Islamic feminism is concerned with the role of women in Islam and aims
for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in public and private life.
Islamic feminists advocate women's rights, gender equality, and social justice
grounded in an Islamic framework. Although rooted in Islam, the movement's
3
the role of Islamic feminism as part of an integrated global feminist movement.
Advocates of the movement seek to highlight the deeply rooted teachings of
equality in the Quran and encourage a questioning of the patriarchal interpretation
of Islamic teaching through the Quran and hadith (sayings of Muhammad)
towards the creation of a more equal and just society.
Barlas (2002:17)) stated Islam as a sexiest and patriarchal religion that
puts a sacred tempts onto female subservience. Muslims read Islam as a patriarchy
partly because of how they read the Qur’an, who read’s it, and the context on
which they read it.
Islamic feminism is very much work in progress. Even the terms of
Islamic feminism are still crucial in western feminist, but Islamic feminism has
elicited strong responses ranging from outright dismissal to enthusiastic approval
from sections of traditional religious establish men as well as some secular
feminists. As shahrzad (2001:1) in theorizing the politics ‘Islamic Feminism’
examines the developments in Islamic feminism and offers a critique of feminist
theory, which construct it as an authentic and indigenous emancipatory alternative
to secular feminism. Islamic feminism can be better understood through the
strategies employed, ranging from re-interpretation of holly source to recovering
re-indisputable Islamic right of women. Badran (2008:21) defines its liberation in
the sense both of being inclusive and being based in notions of justice that across
spurious and unproductive binaries and production. Based on its uniqueness,
4
different personal experiences. Perhaps the entire Women’s right has been written
in Islam sacred text (Quran).
Ayat-ayat cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan are a love story, among a
couple marriage, between a woman and a man. But this is more than that. This is a
story about living the ups and downs of an Islamic life. Perhaps Ayat-ayat cinta
and Surga yang tak dirindukan movie have the main women characters Aisyah
and Citra Arini which present the spoken utterances related to the Islamic
feminism issue. For instance, the utterance which is spoken by Aisyah deals with
the Equality of Status “Kita sudah menikah, gak ada batasan materi, uang aku
toward feminism in Islam, Ayat-ayat cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan are two
Islamic movie literary story which has the fundamental message toward women in
Islam. They are a kind of movie that was starring the women perceptions and
perspectives inside of it. Secondly, through its main women character Aisyah in
Ayat-ayat cinta and Citra Arini in Surga yang tak dirindukan, Islam become more
reliable in Feminism because of the equality of Qur’an toward women has been
shown in those main women characters.
Based on the explanation of feminism and Islam, reasons and previous
5
Surga yang tak dirindukan and it will be analyzed and elaborated based on Islamic
feminism theory point. This study will reveal how they are presented the way they
behave in their daily lives. So that, it can be known what are actually the
relationship toward feminism and Islam itself.
B. The Problem of the Study
The problems of the study in this research are formulated as the following:
1. What are the Islamic feminism issues reflected in the main women
character in Ayat-Ayat Cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan movie?
2. How is the Islamic Feminism issue reflected in those two main women
character?
C. The Scope of the Study
There are so many aspects which is contain in two movies (Ayat-ayat cinta
and Surga yang tak dirindukan). Therefore, it is impossible to discuss everything
about those movies elements. So that, the focus will be narrowed down in order to
make the specify research. The study will be focused on the Islamic feminism as
reflected in main woman character in two movies. In general scope, the analysis is
basically done only in one genre of literary works. The genre then is analyzed and
6
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this Study are constructed as the following:
1. To find out the Islamic feminism issues as reflected in the main woman
character of Ayat-ayat cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan movie?
2. To explain Islamic feminism issues as reflected in the main woman
character in two movies based on the elements of Islamic feminism.
E. The Significance of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful in expanding the
knowledge in literature study, especially in feminism perspective. Theoretically,
this study will prove the reader interesting and give more understanding toward
Islamic feminism. Practically, this study will be useful for teachers as the source
of how to find out the feminism perspective especially Islamic feminism used for
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.Conclusions
After analyzing Islamic Feminism issue reflected in main woman
character of Ayat-ayat cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan movie, finally writer
went to the conclusions that presented as follows:
1. Aisyah present three major Islamic feminism issues that is occurred in
the way she behave her life they are: Equality of status, Independent
ownership of property and Poligamy consideration but there were no
element of equal responsibility involved in Aisyah’s utterances; and
Citra Arinireflected four major Islamic feminism issues that are
involved in Surga yang tak dirindukan movie they are: Equality of
status, Equal responsibility, Independent ownership of property and
polygamy consideration.
2. There were 16 of 75 utterances dealt with Islamic feminism issues
spoken by Aisyah. As the results, 8 of those utterances related to the
polygamy consideration, 7 of them related to the independent
ownership of property and the rest as much as one utterance dealt with
equality of status whereas there were 21 of 136 utterances dealt with
Islamic feminism issues spoken by Citra Arini. As much as 18
utterances related to the polygamy consideration and each element of
independent ownership of property, equal responsibility and equality
46
3. The reflection of Islamic feminism appears through those two main
woman characters in Ayat-ayat cinta and Surga yang tak dirindukan
movie are such kind of the struggle to reach the equal position.
Women tend to be more powerfully after being depressed of
something problem that they faced in their life. However, the women
in those two movies showed the same struggle to gain the polygamy
consideration.
4. Women and Islam are reliable in feminism because religion in this
case especially Islam also fight the women position in life. That’s why
from a feminists perspective, feminism also considered the traditions,
practices, texts, and theologies of religions.
B.Suggestions
Considering the conclusions above, there are several suggestions needed
to be examined. They are listed below:
1. The result of this research are suggested to be used as the references
for the researchers who will conduct the same research using Islamic
feminism theory or combinational theories to enrich the
heterogeneities and variances of literary work.
2. Islamic feminism is suggested to be used as a material of the study in
literature class that examines about feminism theory.
3. Woman, whenever she was, has to be aware of global issue. Islamic
47
every Muslim woman suggested that their religion is very kind to
equality of women’s position.
4. Indonesia, as one of major Muslim country in the world has Megawati
Soekarno Putri as an example of the existence Muslim women who
real eager to be president which showed how confident and brave
herself to every woman in the world that women also can held the
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