THE USE OF THEME AND RHEME IN SENTENCES IN BROCHURES TOUR AND TRAVEL ITINERARY DESTINED VIETNAM
Job Training Report in PT DAGO WISATA INTERNATIONAL Submitted to fullfill one of the course requirements
WIYOGI SANHAJI 63711008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS
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CURRICULUM VITAE
1. Student’s Profile
a. Name : Wiyogi Sanhaji
b. Address : Kihiyang RT 16 / 05, Binong, Subang. c. Place and Date of Birth : Subang, 18 December 1993
d. Sex : Male
e. Religion : Moeslem
f. Phone : 089685266571
g. E-mail : wiyogi.sanhaji@yahoo.com
2. Educational Background 2.1Formal Education
No Year Institution 1. 1999 - 2005 SDN Kihiyang
2. 2005 - 2008 MTS Ali Maksum Yogyakarta 3. 2008 - 2011 SMKN 2 Subang
4. 2011 - Now INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF
COMPUTER
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2.2Informal Education
No Year Institution
1. 2011 Semiotics Seminar and Workshop (Certified) 2. 2011 Copywriting Seminar and Workshop
(Certified)
3. 2012 Seminar “Reaktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila di Kalangan Generasi Muda”
4. 2012 English Contest 5. 2012 Hari Sastra (Certified)
6. 2012 Character Building Training (Certified)
7. 2013 DISKUSI ENTREPRENEURSHIP
8. 2013 TV BROADCASTING INDUSTRY
9. 2013 Copywriting Seminar “Go Viral”
10. 2013 Workshop Translation “Building The Translation Skill and Confidence”
11. 2013 Workshop Translation (Certified)
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3. Competency
There are some competencies that the writer have. They are as follow:
a. Good at Language Skills (Speaking & Reading).
b. Computer Literate (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, CorelDRAW & Adobe Photoshop).
c. Internet Literate.
4. Organization and Work Experiences No Year Organization
1. 2012 Member of Himpunan Mahasiswa Sastra Inggris UNIKOM
No Year Work Experiences
20 REFERENCES
Eggins, Suzanne. 2004. An Introduction to Systematic Functional Linguistics. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
vii CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi
CONTENTS vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Topic 1
1.2 Scope 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Significant to Knowledge 2
1.5 The Framework of The Theory 3
1.6 Research Method 4
CHAPTER II THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC
2.1 Theme 6
2.2 Rheme 6
2.3 Data Analysis 7
CHAPTER III CONSCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
3.1 CONCLUSIONS 18
3.2 SUGGESTIONS 19
REFERENCES 20
APPENDICES 21
CURRICULUM VITAE 37
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express the deepest thanks and appreciation to:
1. Mrs. Nenden Rikma Dewi, M.Hum., as my advisor who helps and encourages to finish this report.
2. Mr. M. Rayhan Bustam, S.S., as the coordinator of job training, for guiding all students who conducted the job training.
3. Mrs. Dewi, Mrs. Diah, Mr. Asep and Mr. Feri, thanks for guiding me through job training.
4. My mom and my dad.
5. All my friends.
However, this paper still has many weaknesses and needs the improvement. Hopefully, this paper is expected to give the benefit for the readers and also the writer in the future.
Bandung, November 2014
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1Background to the Topic
People usually consult tour and travel agency to have suggestion for their vacation. They need complete information on packages based on their financial ability, such as transportation and hotel. Regarding to that, there is an issue relating to information deliverance in tour and travel itinerary. It is the missing the role of “subject” in sentences.
The problem in sentences in brochures Tour and Travel Itinerary destined Vietnam is missing role of “subject” in sentences and it’s more focus to the
predicate. However to be a complete sentence, that should contain a role of "subject" and the predicate. The role of both is the main problem that identified in this report. This report used the theory of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 64) to explain the theme, and the theory of Suzanne Eggins (2004: 300) to explain the rheme.
According to the theory of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 64), Theme is the subject in the sentence, and given information that is already known to the reader. While according to the theory of Suzanne Eggins (2004: 300), rheme is a predicate after subject, and new information for the reader. Therefore, the title for the research report is “The Use of Theme and Rheme in Sentences in Brochures
Tour and Travel Itinerary Destined Vietnam”.
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1.2Scope
This report analyzed theme and rheme in sentences in brochures tour and travel itinerary destined Vietnam. Discussion topics identified:
1. Why the theme is not including in sentences? 2. Why sentences are more focused to the rheme? 1.3Objectives
Other than to fulfill the job training course, the purpose of this paper is as in the following:
1. To explain the theme is not including in sentences. 2. To explain sentences are more focused to the rheme.
1.4Significant to Knowledge
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1.5The Framework of the Theory
Theme is old information and theme is coming first in an independent clause, while rheme is new information and rheme is after a theme. Theme and Rheme complement each other to be a sentence. But in sentences in brochures Tour and Travel Itinerary destined Vietnam, there is no role of subject or theme in sentences, the sentences are more focused to rheme or predicate as new information, such as destination and hotel information. In this report, the writer used the theory of theme by Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 64) from Suzanne Eggins’s book titled “An Introduction to Systematic Functional Linguistic, 2nd
Edition” (2004).
“The definition of Theme is that it is the element which serves as „the starting-point for the message: it is what the clause is going to be about‟. Since we typically depart from places with which we are familiar, the Theme typically contains familiar, or „given‟, information. i.e. information which has already been mentioned somewhere in the text or is familiar the context.“ (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004: 64)
From the quotation above, theme is the element which functions as the beginning of an order, theme forming the clause would be like, it is starting from something we knew before; the theme usually contains old information, it is the information that has been mentioned in the text or context.
And the writer used the theory of rheme by Suzanne Eggins (2004: 300) from her book titled “An Introduction to Systematic Functional Linguistic, 2nd
Edition” (2004).
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From Eggins’s statement above, rheme is a part of the clause linking to the theme. Therefore, it is usually information that is already known first, and then the new information, rheme normally contains foreign information or new information.
1.6Research Method
The method used to analyze the data in this report is descriptive. In this method the theory described by Dawson theory:
“Descriptive research attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem, phenomenon, service or program, or provides information about, say, living condition of a community, or describes attitudes towards an issue”. (Dawson, 2002)
Therefore, descriptive research is explaining the systematically a situation such as a problem, the phenomenon, service or program, or provide information about the situation, the word, the condition of a society, or explain the attitude towards the problem.
Systematically is describing and to formulate a problem in the relation between the existing problem related with the theory, and it discussed and analyzed a regular basis and logically, thus forming a complete system, detailed, and able to explain the structure of cause and effect related to the problems that exist in the sentence.
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brochure is different destination location, but still in the one country, namely in Vietnam, and analyzed based on the theory.
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CHAPTER II
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC
2.1 Theme
Theme or subject is the element which functions as the starting point, and how the clause is developed, it means as the beginning information to deliver the message in the clause to the reader. Theme is information that is already known by the reader as the theory of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 64).
Theme can be understood, that the theme is the subject in the sentence that serves as a starting point in a clause to deliver the message to the reader by using the information previously known by the reader, in order to understand the information well. Theme and Rheme related in the sentence to explain the information contained in the sentences, those are the given information and the new information. The given information is information that already mentioned in the context as the familiar information. The new information is information that the reader doesn’t know the information, the information is information that
contains the information which is unfamiliar, and information that never mentioned in the text. The position of theme comes first in the clause. However, theme cannot stand alone without any further information. The information is next called as Rheme.
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2.2 Rheme
Rheme is a part of a clause in which the theme is developed. Rheme is new information or unfamiliar information for the reader. Rheme is a predicate after a theme as the theory of Eggins (2004: 300).
Rheme can be understood, that the rheme is predicate that is explaining the new information in the sentence, such as information that unfamiliar in context, and the information has never mentioned in the text. Thus the information in the sentence departs from familiar to unfamiliar as the good structure. The position of the rheme is after the theme in the sentence.
Based on the theory above, in this report will be explained the role of theme or subject that is not including in the sentences in brochures tour and travel itinerary destined Vietnam, and this report will be explained the sentences is more focused to the rheme or predicate.
2.3 Data Analysis
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Below are the lists of the sentences those are found in brochure of Tour and Travel Itinerary destined Vietnam:
Brochure 1
1. Depart for Ho Chi Minh City.
2. Met on arrival and transferred to the hotel. Brochure 2
1. Take an orientation tour of Hanoi: Ngoc Son Temple, Sword Lake, the acient houses and bustle life of the Old Quarter.
2. Proceed for a City tour showing many beautiful and ancient sights of the capital including Ba Dinh Square, the Ho Chi Minh Museum.
Brochure 3
1. Take a stop at the family-run enterprise making rice paper where you also have a chance to make rice paper yourself.
2. Visit the tunnel within an hour then back to Saigon for lunch.
Those data next will be analyzed by the theory, and the data will be analyzed to show theme and rheme as the complete sentence. Theme and rheme will be explained as the function in the sentences, and the data will be analyzed as the descriptive. Below the analysis the data:
Data 1
Depart for Ho Chi Minh City.
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depart for Ho Chi Minh City
predicate Object
There is only one clause that is independent clause. Predicate and Object is a rheme in the analysis above. Rheme is new information in the sentence for the reader. In the analysis above is not including subject or theme, because theme is information that already known by the reader and theme should be starting point in the clause.
The role of subject or theme in the analysis is; the reader, because this is the sentence in tour and travel agency for the reader. The reader becomes as the customer that consult about the vacation and to know the new information such as the destination, hotel and transportation. To be a complete sentence as theme and rheme is; The customer depart for Ho Chi Minh City.
[The customer] Depart for Ho Chi Minh City. Predicate Object
Theme Rheme
Data 2
Met on arrival and transferred to the hotel.
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Met on arrival And transferred to the hotel.
Predicate Object Adj: conjun
predicate adjunct
Predicate and object is a rheme in the analysis above. Rheme is new information in the sentence for the reader. Adj:conjun is including to the second theme. After Adj:conjun; and the role of subject or theme is already represented in the first clause or in independent clause, because in the analysis above there are two clauses in the sentence those are two independent clauses. and is including in the theme, because the position of and between the two clauses, that contained in second theme or starting point in second independent clause in the sentence.
In the analysis above is not including subject or theme, becausesubject or theme is information that already known by the reader and theme should be starting point in the clause. The role of subject or theme in table 2 is; the reader, because this is the sentence in tour and travel agency for the reader. The reader becomes as the customer that consult about the vacation and to know the new information such as the destination, hotel and transportation. To be a complete sentence as theme and rheme is; The customer met on arrival and transferred to the hotel.
[The customer] Met on arrival and Transferred to the hotel. Predica
te
Object Adj: conjun
Predicate adjunct
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Data 3
Take an orientation tour of Hanoi: Ngoc Son Temple, Sword Lake, the acient houses and bustle life of the Old Quarter.
Data 3 above shows the role of subject or theme is not including in the table. In the table 3 the sentence directed to predicate or rheme; take an orientation tour of Hanoi: Ngoc Son Temple, Sword Lake, the acient houses and bustle life of the Old Quarter.
Take an orientation tour of Hanoi: Ngoc Son Temple, Sword Lake, the acient houses and bustle life of the Old Quarter.
Predicate Object
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[The customer] Take an orientation tour of Hanoi: Ngoc Son Temple, Sword Lake, the acient houses and bustle life of the Old Quarter. Predi
cate
Object
Theme Rheme
Data 4
Proceed for a City tour showing many beautiful and ancient sights of the capital including Ba Dinh Square, the Ho Chi Minh Museum.
[image:19.595.98.540.108.254.2]Data 4 above shows the role of subject or theme is not including in the table. In the table 4 the analysis directed to predicate or rheme; proceed for a City tour showing many beautiful and ancient sights of the capital including Ba Dinh Square, the Ho Chi Minh Museum.
Proceed for a City tour showing many beautiful and ancient sights of the capital including Ba Dinh Square, the Ho Chi Minh Museum
Predicate Object
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in the clause. The role of subject or theme in the analysis is; the reader, because this is the sentence in tour and travel agency for the reader. The reader becomes as the customer that consult about the vacation and to know the new information such as the destination, hotel and transportation. To be a complete sentence as theme and rheme is; The customer proceed for a City tour showing many beautiful and ancient sights of the capital including Ba Dinh Square, the Ho Chi Minh Museum.
[The customer] Proceed for a City tour showing many beautiful and ancient sights of the capital including Ba Dinh Square, the Ho Chi Minh Museum
Predicate Object
theme Rheme
Data 5
Take a stop at the family-run enterprise making rice paper where you also have a chance to make rice paper yourself.
[image:20.595.105.543.318.457.2]14
Take a stop at the family-run enterprise making rice paper where you also have a chance to make rice paper yourself.
predicate Object
There is only one clause that is independent clause. Predicate and Object is a rheme in the analysis above. Rheme is new information in the sentence for the reader. In the analysis above is not including subject or theme, because theme is information that already known by the reader and theme should be starting point in the clause. The role of subject or theme in the analysis is; the reader, because this is the sentence in tour and travel agency for the reader. The reader becomes as the customer that consult about the vacation and to know the new information such as the destination, hotel and transportation. To be a complete sentence as theme and rheme is; The customer take a stop at the family-run enterprise making rice paper where you also have a chance to make rice paper yourself.
[The customer] Take a stop at the family-run enterprise making rice paper where you also have a chance to make rice paper yourself.
predicate Object
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Data 6
Visit the tunnel within an hour then back to Saigon for lunch.
Data 6 above shows the role of subject or theme is not including in the table. In the table 6 the sentence directed to predicate or rheme, but in table 2 there are two rheme; visit the tunnel within an hour and back to Saigon for lunch.
Visit the tunnel within an hour
Then back to Saigon for lunch.
Predica te
object Adjunct predica te
object
Predicate and object is a rheme in the analysis above. Rheme is new information in the sentence for the reader. Adjunct or adverb is including to the second theme. After Adjunct; then the role of subject or theme is already represented in the first clause or in independent clause, because in the analysis above there are two clauses in the sentence those are two independent clauses. then is including in the theme, because the position of then between the two clauses, that contained in second theme or starting point in second independent clause in the sentence.
[image:22.595.117.474.289.402.2]16
becomes as the customer that consult about the vacation and to know the new information such as the destination, hotel and transportation. To be a complete sentence as theme and rheme is; The customer visit the tunnel within an hour then back to Saigon for lunch.
[The customer] Visit the tunnel within an hour
Then back to Saigon for lunch.
Predic ate
Object Adjun ct
predic ate
object
theme Rheme theme rheme
After analyzed the data above, Data 1, Data 2, Data 3, Data 4, Data 5 and Data 6 the result is the same problem, there is no role of subject or theme in sentences, and subject or theme is not including in the sentences. The sentences above clearly more focused to predicate or rheme as new information for the reader, therefore the sentence directed to the rheme.
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18 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
3.1 Conclusions
Theme or subject is not including in the sentences in the brochures tour and travel itinerary destined Vietnam, because the theme or subject is already known by the reader, that the sentences is for the reader. Therefore, theme or subject in the sentence is the reader. In the tour and travel agency the reader becomes as the customer that consult about the vacation such as destination, transportation and hotel.
The sentences are more focused to the rheme and predicate in the brochures tour and travel itinerary destined Vietnam, because the rheme or predicate is new information for the reader, that the sentences is more focused to the predicate as new information about the vacation such as destination, transportation and hotel.
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