DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Lesmana L. Batu empedu. Dalam :Buku Ajar Penyakit Dalam Jilid I. Edisi 3. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.2000:380-384.
2. Murshid KR. Asymptomatic gallstones: should we operate?.The Saudi J of Gastroenterol 2007;
13:57-69
3. Tsunoda K, Shirai Y, Hatakeyama K : Prevalence of cholesterol gallstones positively correlates with percapita daily calorie intake. Hepato-Gastroenterology 2004;51:2171-2174
4. Ahmed A, Ramsey CC, Keedde EB. Management of gallstones and their complications. Am Fam
Phys 200;61:1673-1680
5. N. A. Channa. Pak Arm Forces Med J.2008;58:197 6. M. C. Carey. Recenti Prog. Med.1992;83:379 7. T. Juvonen. Scand. J. Gastroenterol.1995;29:577 8. K. J. Ho. Ala. J. Med. Sci.1977;14:132
9. J. Ahlberg. Acta Chir Scand.1979;145:373
10. W. H. Admirand and D. M. Small. J.Clin. Invest.1968;47:1043. 11. D.M. Small. Gastroenterol.1967;52:607
12. G. Heiss, I. Tamir, C. E. Davis, and H. A. Tyroler. Circulation.1980;61:302 13. R. F. Borgman and S. F. Lightsey. AM. J. Vet. Res.1970;40:150
14. A. Saraya, M. Irshad, B. M. Gandhi and R. K. Tandon. Top Gastroenterol.1995;16:16
15. Z. Halpern, M. Rubin, G. Harach, I. Grotto, A. Moseer, A. Dvir, D. Lichtenberg, and T. Gilat. Liver.1993;13:246
16. Sjamsuhidajat R, de Jong W. Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah. Edisi 2. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran
EGC.2005:570-579
17. Maryan Lee F, Chiang W. Cholelithiasis. Available from :
18. Beckingham IJ. Gallstone. BMJ 2001;322:91-94
19. Murshid KR. Asymptomatic gallstones: should we operate?.The Saudi J of Gastroenterol 2007;13:57-69
20. Balzer K. et al. Epidemiology of gallstone in a German industrial town (Essen) from 1940 to 1975. Digestion.1986;33(4):189-97
22. Johnston DE.,Kaplan MM.Pathogenesis and treatment of gallstones. N Engl J Med 1993;328:412-421
23. Tsunoda K, Shirai Y, Hatakeyama K. Prevalence of Cholesterol Gallstones Positively Correlates with per Capita Daily Calorie Intake. Hepatogastroenterology.2004;Sep-Oct;51(59):1271-4.
24. Einarsson K, Nilsell K, Leijd B, et al. Influence of Age on Secretion of Cholesterol and Synthesis of Bile Acids by the Liver. N Engl J Med.1985; 313:277-282.
25. Shaffer EA. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Gallstone Disease: Has the Paradigm Changed in the 21st Century? Curr Gastroenterol Rep.2005;7:132-140.
26. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized Trial of Estrogen Plus Progestin for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women. JAMA.1998;280:605-613.
27. The Rome Group for Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). The
