Comparison Pore Aggregate Levels After Extraction With Solvents
Pertamax Plus And Gasoline
Muthia Anggraini
Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, 28265, Indonesia Tel/Fax: +62761 52324
E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: Loss of asphalt content extraction results become problems in Field Work For implementing parties. The use of
solvents with high octane (pertamax plus) for the extraction, dissolving the asphalt more than gasoline. By comparing the levels of aggregate pores after using solvent extraction pertamax plus compared to gasoline could answer that pertamax plus more solvent dissolves the bitumen compared to gasoline. This study aims to obtain comparative levels of porous aggregate mix AC-WC after using solvent extraction pertamax plus compared to gasoline. This study uses the aggregate that has been extracted from the production of asphalt mixtures, when finisher and after compaction field. The method used is the assay of coarse and fine aggregate pores, extraction of bitumen content to separate the aggregate with bitumen. Results of testing the total absorption after extraction using a solvent preta max plus in the production of asphalt mixtures 0.80%, while gasoline solvent 0.67% deviation occurs 0.13%. In the finisher after the solvent extraction preta max plus 0.77%, while 0.67% gasoline solvent occurs deviation of 0.1%. At the core after extraction and solvent pertamax plus 0.71%, while gasoline solvent 0.60% 0.11% deviation occurs. The total water absorption after extraction using a solvent pertamax plus greater than gasoline. This proves that the solvent dissolves pertamax plus more asphalt than gasoline.
Keywords: Levels of pores, Extraction, Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course (AC-WC), Pertamax Plus, Gasoline
1. Introduction
1. Aggregate is the result of natural stone processing, is the main component of pavement layer, which provides structural properties and contributes 9-95% of the weight or 70-85% of the volume of the pavement structure therefore aggregate properties greatly affect pavement performance .1
2. All aggregates are porous, aggregate porosity is the amount of pore content present on the aggregate. As a result, water will sink into the aggregate. Porous aggregates are useful for absorbing bitumen so that the bonds between asphalt and aggregate are good, but too much pore can lead to too much-absorbed asphalt resulting in a thin layer of asphalt.
3. Asphalt level extraction is often a problem in field testing, where there is a loss of asphalt content, the bitumen content in the field is not suitable or less than the bitumen content of the job mix formula. The use of a pertamax plus solvent which has a high octane content for extraction dissolves more of the asphalt than gasoline. Comparing aggregate pore levels after extraction using solvents pertamax plus and gasoline, is a way to prove it.
4. Pertamax Plus is Pertamina's fuel oil which has an octane value of 95.
5. 6. 7.
8. 1 Sukirman, Silvia. 2003. Beton Aspal Campuran
Panas. Bandung. Granit.
9. .
10.
11.
12. The purpose of this study was to obtain a comparison of pore aggregate mixture of Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course (AC-WC) after extract using solvent pertamax plus than gasoline. This study takes aggregates that have been extracted from the asphalt mixture production site, finisher and after compaction of the field.
13. Several existing studies, Toruan, et.al (2013), analyzing pore levels in several quartz locations. The larger the aggregate porosity the aggregate density becomes smaller so that the maximum density of the mixture becomes smaller and the smaller the aggregate porosity value the specific gravity of the aggregate increases, the greater the maximum density of the mixture becomes larger.2 Achmad analyzed (2010), analyzing pore levels at several quartz locations in Gorontalo, mostly mixed asphalt using aggregate from quarry Pilolalenga, quarry Tangkobu, and quarry Molintogupo.3 Negara and Putra (2010), analyzing the limestone pore content .4
14. 15.
16. 2A.L.Toruan,O.H.Kaseke,L.F.Kereh,dan T.K.Sendow.2013. “Pengaruh Porositas Agregat Terhadap Berat Jenis Maksimum Campuran”,
J.Sipil Statik, Vol. 1, no. 3, pp.1-6.
17. 3 F.Achmad.2010.” Tinjauan Sifat-Sifat Agregat Untuk Campuran Aspal Panas (Studi Kasus Beberapa Quarry Di Gorontalo)”.J.Saintek,Vol.5, no.1, pp.1-10.
18. 4 I.N.Widana Negara dan T.G. Suwarsa Putra.2010.” Potensi Batu Kapur Nusa Penida Sebagai Agregat Perkerasan Jalan”, Jurnal Ilmiah
Teknik Sipil, Vol.14,no.1, pp 1-5.
19. 20.
21. State, et.al, analyzed the limestone pore content of Nusa Penida as a pavement aggregate.5 Pertamax plus as a solvent in the extraction of bitumen content dissolves bitumen than gasoline solvent. Where is the deviation in AMP -0,03%, from finisher -0,01%, and core -0,02%.6 Soehardi did an extraction analysis of asphalt content of AC-WC mixture of coarse gradation with gasoline solvent.7
22.
2. Literature Review
23. 2.1 Aggregate Porosity
24.
Water absorption by aggregates can be used to estimate the amount of bitumen that can be absorbed by aggregates in the mixture. The porous aggregate will absorb the asphalt, so the mixture tends to be dry or cohesive. in the asphalt-aggregate mixture (hot mix) there is a slight addition of asphalt content to satisfy the asphalt absorption by aggregates. Very porous aggregates, when used in the mixture, should be added asphalt quite a lot. Aggregates with very high porosity are not used in asphalt-aggregate mixtures unless the aggregate has excellent properties. Aggregate porosity is generally characterized by the amount of water that can be absorbed by the aggregate when immersed in water.
25. 2.2 Method of Weight Types and
Absorption of Crude Aggregate Water.
Grain aggregate specific gravity testing was carried out in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard, Weighted Aggregate Water Type and Absorption Water Method using SNI 03-1969-2008. How to calculate it is:8
26.
27. 5 I.N.Widana Negara dan T.G. Suwarsa Putra.2010. ” Potensi Batu Kapur Nusa Penida Sebagai Agregat Perkerasan Jalan”, Jurnal
Ilmiah Teknik Sipil. Vol.14, no.1, pp.1-5.
28. 6 M.Anggraini, S.Wiyono, dan A.Wanim.2015.” Assessment of Asphalt Levels Extraction Results from Mixed Blend of AC-WC Rough Gradation With Job Mix Formula”, Prosiding Seminar
Teknik Sipil Annual Civil Engineering Seminar , ISBN 978-979-792-636-6, pp 96-103.
29. 7 F.Soehardi, S.Wiyono, dan A.Wanim. 2015. “Kajian Perbandingan Kadar Aspal Hasil Ekstraksi Campuran AC-WC Gradasi Kasar Dengan Cairan Ekstraksi Menggunakan Bensin”, Prosiding
Seminar Teknik Sipil Annual Civil Engineering Seminar , ISBN 978-979-792-636-6, pp 137-144.
30. 8 Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (1969-20080). Standar Nasional Indonesia Cara Uji Berat Jenis dan Penyerapan Air Agregat Kasar.SNI 1969-2008.
31. 32.
1. Bulk Specific Gravity (SNI 03-1969-2008)
33. Specific gravity calculates the weight of the dry aggregate and all aggregate volumes, using equations:
34.
Sd =
A
(
B−C )
(1)
35. with:
36. Sd : Bulk density
37. A : Weight of dry matter oven test (gram) 38. B : Weight of specimen saturated surface
dryness (gram)
39. C : Weight of specimen in water (gram) 2. Saturated Surface Dry (SNI 03-1969-2008)
40. Specific gravity calculates the weight of the aggregate in the dry state of the surface and the aggregate volume, using the equation:
41.
Ss=
B
(
B−C )
(2)
42. with:
43. Ss : Specific gravity of dry saturated surface 44. B : Weight of dry surface saturated test
object (gram)
45. C : Weight of specimen in water (gram) 46.
3. Apparent Specific Gravity (SNI 03-1969-2008) 47. Specific gravity taking into account the weight of the aggregate in the dry state and all aggregate volumes not permeated by water, using equations:
48.
Sa=
A
(
A−C )
(3)
49. with:
50. Sa : Apparent Specific Gravity
51. A : Weight of dry matter oven test (gram) 52. C : Weight of specimen in Water (gram) 53.
4. Water Absorption (SNI 03-1969-2008)
Absorption is the percentage of water weight that can be absorbed by pores on the weight of the dry aggregate, using the equation :
54.
Sw=
[
B− A
A
]
x 100 (4 )
55. with:
56. Sw : Water absorption
58. B : Weight of test surface saturation surface (gram) 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 2.3 Test Method Specific Gravity and
Water Absorption of Aggregate Fine
For Typical Weight Testing and Fine Aggregate Water Absorption using SNI 03-1970-2008. To calculate it is:9
1. Bulk Specific Gravity (SNI 03-1970-2008)
67.
Sd =
A
(
B+S−C)
(5)
68. with :
69. A : Weight of dry matter oven test (gram) 70. B : The weight of pycnometer containing
water (gram)
71. C : Weight of pycnometer with specimen and water to the reading limit (gram)
72. S : Weight of specimen saturated surface dryness (gram)
73.
2. Saturated Surface Dry (SNI 03-1970-2008) 74.
75. (Ss)
¿
S
(
B+S−C)
(6)
76. with :
77. S : Weight of specimen saturated surface dryness (gram)
78. A : Weight of dry matter oven test (gram) 79. B : the weight of pycnometer containing
water (gram)
80. C : Weight of pycnometer with specimen and water to the reading limit (gram)
81.
3. Apparent Specific Gravity
82.
Sa=
A
(
B+ A−C )
(7)
83. dengan :
84. A : Weight of dry matter oven test (gram) 85. B : Weight of pycnometer containing water
(gram)
86. C : Weight of pycnometer with specimen and water to the reading limit (gram)
87.
4. Water Absorption (SNI 03-1970-2008)
88.
89.
Sw=
[
S− A
A
]
x 100 (8)
90.
91. A : Weight of dry matter oven test (gram) 92. S : Weight of specimen saturated surface
dryness (gram) 93.
94. 95.
96. 9 Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (1970-2008). Standar Nasional Indonesia Cara Uji Berat Jenis dan Penyerapan Air Agregat Halus. SNI 1970-2008.
97.
98. 2.2 Pertamax Plus
99. Pertamax Plus is Pertamina's fuel oil, has an octane value of 95. Pertamax Plus, like Pertamax and Premium, is a petroleum product from petroleum processing, generated by adding additives to the process in the oil refinery.
100. An octane number is a number indicating how much pressure it can give before the gasoline burns spontaneously. The name octane comes from octane (C8), because of all the molecules of the gasoline compound, octane which has the best compression properties. Octane can be compressed to a small volume without spontaneous combustion, unlike for heptane, for example, which can be spontaneously burned. The heptane function is as the solvent in the extraction. By having a high octane the fuel will burn completely.10
3. Methodology
101. The study was conducted by laboratory testing. Refers to the tests of Specific Weight and Absorption of Crude Aggregate Water using SNI 03-1969-2008 and Tests of Smooth Aggregate Type and Water Absorption using SNI 03-1970-2008. Aggregates used from quarry Solok, West Sumatra. The aggregate after extraction is taken from the aggregate that has been separated from the asphalt using the solvent pertamax plus on each specimen from Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP), back finisher, and core. Sampling on Marpoyan-Lipat Kain road segment. The results were compared with testing of specific gravity and absorption after being extracted using a gasoline solvent.
102.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1.
Comparison of aggregate pore content
after extraction of AMP solvent pertamax
plus with gasoline.
103. Comparison of aggregate pore content after extraction of AMP using the solvent
pertamax plus and gasoline is shown in the Table 1 :
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.10 M.Anggraini, 2014, “Kajian Kadar Aspal Hasil Ekstraksi Penghamparan Campuran AC-WC Gradasi Kasar Dengan Job Mix Formula”, Tesis, Program Magister Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru.
115.Table 1. Comparison of Pore-Level After Extraction Of AMP Solvent Pertamax Plus With
Gasoline 116. N 117.T y pe of A g gr eg at e 118. N 119.Water Absorpti on of Aggregat es After Extractio n (%) 120.M a x S p e c i f i c T e r m s ( % ) 124. Sol 125.Sol 127. 1 128.C o ar se a gr e g at 129. B 130. 0,9 131. 0,8 132.3 133. 2 134.Me di u 135. B 136.0,7 137.0,5 138.3 m a gr e g at 139. 3 140.sa n d 141. B 142.0,8 143.0,7 144.3 145.* Fitri analysis (2014)
146.From the table above shows that the aggregate water absorption after extraction from AMP with solvent pertamax plus and gasoline on BIN III (coarse agregate) deviation 0.11%., In BIN II (medium agregate) 0.17% deviation, in BIN I (Sand) deviation occurs 0,08%.
147.
4.2.
Comparison of pore content of
extraction aggregate after extraction of the
finisher solvent pertamax plus with
gasoline.
148.The results obtained are in the Table 2 : 149.
150.Tabel 2. Comparison of Pore-Level After
Extraction of Finisher Solvent pertamax plus
151. N 152.T 153.N 154.Water Absorption of Aggregates After Extraction (%) 155. Ma 159.S o l v e n t P e rt a m a x P l u s 160.S ol ve nt G as ol in e * 162. 1 163. C 164. B 165.0 , 9 6 166.0, 8 7 167. 3 168. 2 169.M 170.B 171.0, 6 172.0, 5 6 173. 3
9 174. 3 175. s 176.B 177.0 , 8 3 178.0, 7 5 179. 3 180.* Fitri analysis (2014)
181.From the table above shows that the aggregate
water absorption after extraction from finisher with solvent pertamax plus and gasoline on BIN III (coarse aggregate) 0.09% deviation., In BIN-II (medium aggregate) 0.13% deviation, in BIN I (Sand) deviation occurs 0,08%.
4.3. Comparison of pore content of extraction
aggregate after extraction of solvent core
pertamax plus with gasoline.
182.
The results obtained are in the Table 3 :183.
184.Table 3. Comparison of Pore Level After Extraction Of Core Solvent Pertamax Plus With
Gasoline 185. N 186. Ty 187. N 188.Water Absorption of Aggregates After Extraction (%) 189.M a x S p e c i f i c T e r m s ( % ) 193.S o l v e n t P e r t a m a x P l u s 194.S o l v e n t G a s o l i n e * 196. 1 197. Co 198. B 199.0 , 9 4 200.0 , 8 6 201.3 202. 2 203.Me 204.B 205.0, 206.0, 207.3 6 1 48 208. 3 209. san 210.B 211.0 , 7 7 212.0 , 6 9 213.3 214.* Fitri analysis (2014) 215.
4.4.
Comparison of total aggregate water
absorption in the mixture after extraction
of solvent pertamax plus and gasoline
from AMP, finisher, and core.
216. The recapitulation of a moisture content of AMP, finisher, and core is in the Table 4 :
217.
218.Tabel 4. Comparison of Total Aggregate Absorption In Mixed After Solvent Extraction of Pertamax Plus and Gasoline From AMP, Finisher¸
and Core 219. N 220.Sa 221.Total water absorption in the mixture (%) 222.S ya ra t S pe k M ak s. ( % ) 225.S o l v e n t P e r t a m a x P l u s 226.S ol v e nt G a s ol in e * 228. 1 229. AM 230.0 , 8 0 231.0, 6 7 232.3 233. 2 234. Fin 235.0 , 7 7 236.0, 6 7 237.3 238. 3 239. Cor 240.0 , 241.0, 6 242.3
7
1 0
243.* Fitri analysis (2014)
244. From the table above shows that total water absorption in the mixture after extraction from AMP with solvent pertamax and gasoline deviation 0.13%. At the finisher, there is a deviation of 0.1%. And at the core deviation 0.11%. The results obtained are still included in the specification requirements that is a maximum of 3%.
245. The pore content of the extraction aggregate test with the solvent plus solvent is higher than that of the gasoline solvent. This proves that the solvent pertamax plus more dissolves the asphalt compared to the gasoline solvent. Because the solvent pertamax plus has a high octane content of 95 compared to gasoline which is only 88. The higher the octane value makes the fuel burned perfectly.
246.
5. Conclusions
247.Pertamax plus as a solvent in the extraction of bitumen content produces more bitumen content on the same quarry aggregate because it dissolves the asphalt more than the gasoline solvent. Where the pore rate deviation from extraction aggregate testing with solvent pertamax plus and gasoline are 0,13% in AMP, 0,1% in finisher, and 0,11% in core.
248.
249.
References
250. [1] Sukirman, Silvia. 2003. Beton Aspal
Campuran Panas. Bandung. Granit.
251. [2]A.L.Toruan,O.H. Kaseke,L. F. Kereh, dan T. K. Sendow. 2013.“Pengaruh Porositas Agregat Terhadap Berat Jenis Maksimum Campuran”, J.Sipil Statik, Vol. 1, no. 3, pp.1-6.
252. [3] F.Achmad.2010.”Tinjauan Sifat-Sifat Agregat Untuk Campuran Aspal Panas (Studi Kasus Beberapa Quarry Di Gorontalo)”.J.Saintek,Vol.5, no.1, pp.1-10. 253. [4] I.N.Widana Negara dan T.G. Suwarsa
Putra.2010.” Potensi Batu Kapur Nusa Penida Sebagai Agregat Perkerasan Jalan”, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol.14,no.1, pp 1-5.
254. [5] I. N. Widana Negara dan T. G. Suwarsa Putra .2010.
255. ” Potensi Batu Kapur Nusa Penida Sebagai Agregat Perkerasan Jalan”, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil. Vol.14, no.1, pp.1-5.
256. [6] M.Anggraini, S.Wiyono, dan
A.Wanim.2015.”Kajian Kadar Aspal Hasil Ekstraksi Penghamparan Campuran AC-WC Gradasi Kasar Dengan Job Mix Formula”, Prosiding Seminar Teknik Sipil
Annual Civil Engineering Seminar , ISBN 978-979-792-636-6, pp 96-103.
257. [7] F.Soehardi, S.Wiyono, dan A.Wanim. 2015. “Kajian Perbandingan Kadar Aspal Hasil Ekstraksi
Campuran AC-WC Gradasi Kasar Dengan Cairan Ekstraksi Menggunakan Bensin”, Prosiding Seminar
Teknik Sipil Annual Civil Engineering Seminar , ISBN
978-979-792-636-6, pp 137-144.
258. [8] Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (1969-20080). Standar Nasional Indonesia Cara Uji Berat Jenis dan Penyerapan Air Agregat Kasar.SNI 1969-2008.
259. [9] Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (1970-2008). Standar Nasional Indonesia Cara Uji Berat Jenis dan Penyerapan Air Agregat Halus. SNI 1970-2008.
260. [10] M.Anggraini, 2014, “Kajian Kadar Aspal Hasil Ekstraksi Penghamparan Campuran AC-WC Gradasi Kasar Dengan Job Mix Formula”, Tesis, Program Magister Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru.
