scope of contemporary victimology fachri bey

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SCOPE OF

CONTEMPORARY

VICTIMOLOGY

Fachri Bey

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Victimology

• _{Victimology as an academic}

terminology contains two elements :

• _{One is the Latin word “ Victima”}

translates into “victim”

• _{The other is the Greek word “logos”}

means a system of knowledge, the direction of something abstract, the direction of teaching, science,

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Cont.

• _{Victims means a person harmed by a}

crime, tort, or other wrongful act . (Black Law Dictionary 1999)

• _{Victims are persons threatened,}

injured or destroy by an act or

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Victim of crime

• _{Victims means persons who individually} or collectively, have suffered harm,

including physical or mental injury,

emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their

fundamental rights, through acts or

omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative with in members state,

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• _{Formulation of the law, regulation,}

act thinking, are dedicated only to the offenders, about how guarantee their rights, how to educate/train

them properly in correctional

institution, how to protect their rights before the police officers, district

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• _{The public prosecutor/district attorney}

tend to be extremely careful in indicting the accused, in as much they are

controlled frequently by the lawyer of the accused.

• _{The rights of victims of crime have never}

been thinking seriously nor to provide

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• _{The victimologist in the past and in}

the present time come from different academic or professional background : from sociology, or from law, from

psychiatry or from psychology, from social work and management.

(Kirchhoff 1995-37)

• _{Present time also come from medical}

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• _{The lawyer of the offenders tend to} (always) talk about the human rights protection of the offender wich render the public prosecutor feel uncertain.

• _{The scope of contemporary victimology} not only in criminal law and criminology field but has been developed to other

fields as well.

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Victimology

• _{Victimology as a growing discipline} • _{Victimology is an independent area}

of inquiry or a sub field of Criminology

• _{Victimology was born from its}

“mother” Criminology.

• _{Historically, victimology bloomed in}

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Conventional victims

• _{Victims of robery} • _{Victims of rape}

• _{Victims of murder} • _{Victim of deception}

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Inconventional victims

• _{Victims of technology}

• _{Victims of Information Technology} • _{Victims of traffic accident}

• _{Victim of aparheid} • _{Victims of slavery}

• _{Victims of trafficking} • _{Victims of genocide}

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• _{Victim of organized crime} • _{Victims of terrorism}

• _{Victims of malpractice} • _{Victims of disaster}

• _{Victims of abuse of power} • _{Victims of bullying}

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Study of victim – offender

systems

• _{The study of victim vulnerability} • _{The study of victim culpability}

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Hans Von Hentig discovery

• _{In his book 1948 : “ The Criminal and His}

Victim” he explained that increased attention should be paid to the crime provocative

function of the victim…With through

knowledge of the interrelation between the doer and the suffer, new approaches to the detection of crime will be opned.

• _{Von Hentig believed that victim contribution} largely results from characteristics or social positions beyond the control of the

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Cont.

• _{Thus Von Hentic classified victims into} 13 categories depending on their

prospensity for victimization.

• _{1. The Young – children and infant} • _{2. The female – All women}

• _{3. The old – Elderly persons}

• _{4. The mentallly defective and}

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• _{5. Immigrants – Foreigners unfamiliar} with the culture

• _{6. Minorities – Racially}

• _{7. The depressed Persons with various} psychological maladies

• _{8. Dull normals – Simple-minded} persons

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• _{10. The wanton – Promiscuous persons} • _{11. The losesome and}

heartbroken-widows, widowers, and those mourning • _{12. The tormentor – An abusive parent} • _{13. The blocked, exempted or}

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Beniamin Mendelsohn

• _{Completely innocent victim- this victim} type exhibited no provocative behavior prior to the offenders attack

• _{Victim with minor guilt-victim due to}

ignorance did something in advertently that placed them in compromising

positition before the occurrence of victimization.

• _{Victim as guilty as the offender and}

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Cont.

• _{Victim more guilty than}

offender-propokes the criminal act. A person

making an abusive remark would fit in

here. A victim who started as an offender and, ended up as victim is the most

guilty victim, e.g. the burglar shot by a house owner during an intrusion.

• _{Simulating or imaginary victim, persons}

who pretend that they have veen

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Stephen Schafer

• _{Revisited victim’s role in his book “The}

Victim and His Criminal”

• _{The concept of functional resposibility}

of the victim. Schafer modified the typology by Hans von Hentig and presented his own classification.

• _{While Hentig tried to identify the}

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General Victimology – A New

Approach

• _{Criminal victimization}

• _{Self-victimization include suicide and any} other suffering induced by victims

themselves

• _{Victims of social environment incorporates} individuals, class or group oppression, e.g. racial discrimination, caste relations,

genocide and war atrocities.

• _{Victims of Technology are people who fall} prey to scientific innovation. Nuclear

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Cont.

• _{Victims of natural environment}

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Critical Victimology

• _{Mawby and Walklate (1994-21) define as} • _{“An attempt to examine the wider social}

context in wich some versions of

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Cont.

• _{Mawby and Walklate view that crime}

committed by the powerful are not subjected to the criminal court.

• _{Genocide, war crimes, political campaign,} clandestine ars sales and weapons of mass destruction, smuggling, and thehuman

slave trade are not given serious attention. • _{Consequently, the victims of those crimes}

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Others

• _{The women’s movement} • _{Children’s rights}