Internetworking
Indonesia
Journal
olume 2
umber 2
all 20
1
0
ISSN: 1
9
42-9
703
IIJ © 20
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0
www
.Int
erne
tw
or
kingIndonesia.or
g
Editors’ Introduction 1
The Effect of IPv6 Packet Size on the Implementation
3
of CRC Extension Header
by Supriyanto, Iznan H. Hasbullah & Rahmat Budiarto
A Modified Weighted Clustering Algorithm for Stable Clustering 9
using Mobility Prediction Scheme
by S. Muthuramalingam, R. Viveka, B. Steffi Diana & R. Rajaram
Mengamankan Single Identity Number (SIN) Menggunakan QR Code 17
dan Sidik Jari
by Fridh Zurriyadi Ridwan, Hariyo Santoso & Wiseto Agung
EnsoTracker: Mouse Controller Device using Head Movement 21
by Gunawan, Tri Kurniawan Wijaya, Indra Maryati & Edwin Seno Dwihapsoro
UTAUT Model for Understanding Learning Management System 27
by I Gusti Nyoman Sedana & St. Wisnu Wijaya
The Indonesian Journal of ICT and Internet Development
Internetworking Indonesia Journal
The Indonesian Journal of ICT and Internet Development ISSN: 1942-9703
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• : Teaching Innovation papers explore creative uses of information technology tools and the Internet to im-prove learning and education in Indonesia.
Book Reviews
• : A review of a book, or other book-length document, such as a government report or foundation report. Prof. Edy Tri Baskoro, PhD (ITB, Indonesia)
Mark Baugher, MA (Cisco Systems, USA) Lakshminath Dondeti, PhD (Qualcomm, USA) Paul England, PhD (Microsoft Research, USA) Prof. Svein Knapskog, PhD (NTNU, Norway)
Prof. Merlyna Lim, PhD (Arizona State University, USA)
Prof. Bambang Parmanto, PhD (University of Pittsburgh, USA) Prof. Wishnu Prasetya, PhD (Utrecht University, The Netherlands) Graeme Proudler, PhD (HP Laboratories, UK)
Prof. Jennifer Seberry, PhD (University of Wollongong, Australia) Prof. Willy Susilo, PhD (University of Wollongong, Australia) Prof. David Taniar, PhD (Monash University, Australia) Thomas Hardjono, PhD
(MIT Kerberos Consortium, MIT, USA)
Budi Rahardjo, PhD (ITB, Indonesia)
Kuncoro Wastuwibowo, MSc (PT. Telkom, Indonesia)
Internetworking Indonesia Journal is a semi-annual peer-reviewed electronic journal devoted to the timely study of Information & Com-munication Technology (ICT) and Internet development in Indonesia. The journal follows the open-access philosophy and seeks high-quality manuscripts on the challenges and opportunities presented by information technology and the Internet in Indonesia.
Editorial Advisory Board Co-Editors
Journal mailing address: Internetworking Indonesia Journal, PO Box 397110 MIT Station, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Technical Editorial Board
Sulfikar Amir, PhD (NTU, Singapore)
Moch Arif Bijaksana, MSc (IT Telkom, Indonesia) Teddy Surya Gunawan, PhD (IIUM, Malaysia) Dwi Handoko, PhD (BPPT, Indonesia) Mira Kartiwi, PhD (IIUM, Malaysia) Bobby Nazief, PhD (UI, Indonesia)
Anto Satriyo Nugroho, PhD (BPPT, Indonesia)
Yanuar Nugroho, PhD (Manchester University, UK) Bernardi Pranggono, PhD (University of Leeds, UK) Bambang Prastowo, PhD (UGM, Indonesia) Bambang Riyanto, PhD (ITB, Indonesia) Andriyan Bayu Suksmono, PhD (ITB, Indonesia) Henri Uranus, PhD (UPH, Indonesia)
The Indonesian Journal of ICT and Internet Development ISSN: 1942-9703
About the Internetworking Indonesia Journal
The Internetworking Indonesia Journal (IIJ) was established out of the need to address the lack of an Indonesia-wide independent academic and professional journal covering the broad area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Internet development in Indonesia.
The broad aims of the Internetworking Indonesia Journal (IIJ) are therefore as follows:
Provide an Indonesia-wide independent journal on ICT
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Improve the quality of research & publications on ICT in Indonesia
• : One of the long term goals of the IIJ is to promote
research on ICT and Internet development in Indonesia, and over time to improve the quality of academic and technical pub-lications from the Indonesian ICT community. Additionally, the IIJ seeks to be the main publication venue for various authors worldwide whose interest include Indonesia and its growing area of information and communication technology.
Provide access to academics and professionals overseas
• : The Editorial Advisory Board (EAB) of the IIJ is intentionally
com-posed of international academics and professionals, as well as those from Indonesia. The aim here is to provide Indonesian authors with access to international academics and professionals who are aware of and sensitive to the issues facing a develop-ing nation. Similarly, the IIJ seeks to provide readers worldwide with easy access to information regarddevelop-ing ICT and Internet development in Indonesia.
Promote the culture of writing and authorship
• : The IIJ seeks to promote the culture of writing and of excellent authorship
in Indonesia within the broad area of ICT. It is for this reason that the IIJ is bilingual in that it accepts and publishes papers in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Furthermore, the availability of an Indonesia-wide journal with an international advisory board may provide an incentive for young academics, students and professionals in Indonesia to develop writing skills appropriate for a journal. It is hoped that this in-turn may encourage them to subsequently publish in other international journals in the future.
Focus & Scope: The Internetworking Indonesia Journal (IIJ) aims to become the foremost publication for practitioners, teachers,
researchers and policy makers to share their knowledge and experience in the design, development, implementation, and the man-agement of ICT and the Internet in Indonesia.
Topics of Interest: The journal welcomes and strongly encourages submissions based on interdisciplinary approaches focusing on
ICT & Internet development and its related aspects in the Indonesian context. These include (but not limited to) information technology, communications technology, computer sciences, electrical engineering, and the broader social studies regarding ICT and Internet development in Indonesia. A list of topics can be found on the journal website at www.InternetworkingIndonesia.org.
Open Access Publication Policy: The Internetworking Indonesia Journal provides open access to all of its content on the principle
Internetworking Indonesia Journal
ISSN: 1942-9703
ISSN: 1942-9703 / © 2010 IIJ
Abstract—In this research work we have developed a tool and a program that can be used to replace the behavior of a mouse. Our results have shown that it can be used successfully to replace a mouse that is usually operated by hand. The system we developed in this research can be used to help people with quadriplegia (paralyzed) to operate a computer. In order to be highly accessible and affordable, the tool we built should be inexpensive and can be purchased easily. Thus we have selected an input method using a series of LEDs and a webcam. There are two LED used on the circuit due to the need to have two light sources in order to replace the mouse behavior. The image captured by the webcam is then filtered using an image segmentation technique (thresholding). The first light source is used as the head-tilt detector that will be used as the replacement for the left-button and right-button of the mouse. The second light source is used as a head-motion detector, to replace the mouse movement. Our head movement tracking device uses two pieces of LEDs, wires, several resistors and energy source (battery).
Index Terms— head movement tracking device, image segmentation, mouse controlling, thresholding.
I. INTRODUCTION
person who suffers quadriplegia is unable move his or her arms and legs to operate a mouse and keyboard [7]. Therefore, in order for such a person to operate today’s computers there is a need for special tools to aid that person operating a computer.
Recently, there has been a number of special equipment and software that has been developed to help a people who suffer from quadriplegia to interact with a computer. However, most of these specialized equipment and software is difficult to obtain. The difficulty is mostly due to their high
FX. Ferdinandus, Tri Kurniawan Wijaya, and Indra Maryati are with the Department of Computer Science, Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Surabaya, Surabaya 60284, Indonesia They can be contacted at email: {ferdi, tritritri}@stts.edu, and [email protected].
Gunawan is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111 Indonesia. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].
Edwin Seno Dwihapsoro is with the Department of Computer Science, Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Surabaya, Surabaya 60284 Indonesia.
prices (particularly for developing nations), the low availability of these instruments or items, and the regulations pertaining to the buying and selling of electronic goods across states.
One example of a detector that recently became available is the “Ocular Mouse” which is an eye muscle detector. However, the tool is only available to certain communities and it is expensive. There is also a head movement tracking device called TrackIR that is relatively well known compared to other tracer devices. This tool is well known for its primary function to play games. However, such a tool that can detect head movements can also be used to help people who suffer from quadriplegia to operate a computer. However, similar to other head movement tracking devices on the market, the price of this tool is also relatively expensive and therefore unaffordable the majority of people in developing nations, including Indonesia.
II. IMAGE SEGMENTATION
Thresholding is a simple method of image segmentation. A thresholding method allows the creation of a binary image from a gray scale image [2]. A binary image is an image in which every pixel can have of one of two possible values. The values that are usually chosen are the values that represent black and white, although the values that represent other colors can also be used.
In the binary image, a pixel color value is used as the foreground/object color while the value of the other colors is used as the background. The ultimate purpose of the threshold method is to simplify the representation of the image so that the image can be more easily analyzed.
The reason a thresholding method was chosen is to allow us to more easily detect and differentiate between the features of tracked objects and the background. Since the thresholding method is a simple method, it is expected that required computational processes will not overload the system and that the basic specifications required for the system can be as minimum as possible.
EnsoTracker
: Mouse Controller Device using
Head Movement
Gunawan
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
FX. Ferdinandus, Tri Kurniawan Wijaya, Indra Maryati and Edwin Seno Dwihapsoro
Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Surabaya
22 There are sev aking the head
velopment of fordability. Th cessibility at th
1. Cost: In o by many required b be as mini 2. Componen
componen needed fo available. difficulty system. 3. Flexibility
was desig mind. Thi and comp device. Si many arra to the user
In order for rgets, the cost m whose cost enerally for the le to clearly d rticularly whe mage.
Low and midd or quality of t t of noise). Gen
ality of the cap vices the imag
images/frames r second or FP e FPS has an i d tracking of m e decided on a is impact.
In this projec stem instead o ason was beca
e movement, ailable tools. veloped system d to develop a Eye movemen nerally have a actical for use ovement tracki
EAD MOVEMEN
veral targets t d movements tr a system that he factors th he end of this ta
rder for the mo societies, the o by the system t
imal as possibl
nt availability: nts in an impo
r the motion tr This is so tha in finding the
y of use: The h gned with the
s can be seen f ponents that ca imilarly, the so angements wh
r’s wishes.
the tracking had to be mad could be reduc e system to trac distinguish the en compared t
dle grade vide the captured im
nerally there ar ptured image. H ge quality is inv
s that can be c PS) by the vide
impact on the movements. A general device
IV. RELA
ct we develope of an eye mo ause head mov particularly u
Our goal wa m, to develop a system that is nt tracking devi a high manufac e. Figure 1 (a) ing devices tha
INT
NT TRACKING D
that are used racking system
t has a high hat became a ask were, amon
otion tracking s overall cost of to work well m
le.
The availabili ortant factor. racking system at the prospecti e components
head movemen highest possi from the many an be used to b oftware can be ich can be mo
system to ac de a minimal a
ced was the vi ck an object, th special featur to another obj
eo input device mages (such as re settings that However, usua versely proport aptured each s eo input devic response time As such, in sele
e in its class wh
ATED WORK
ed a head mo ovement track vement is easi using the low-as to reduce a system with h relatively more ices with video cturing cost, la ) shows an ex at used an ear
TERNETWORK
ISSN: 194
DEVICE
as reference m. The goal is
accessibility a a benchmark
ng others:
system to be us f the compone must be reduced
ity of the requi The compone m must be publi ive users have
required by
nt tracking syst ible flexibility alternative for build the track
e configured in odified accord
hieve the abo as possible. O ideo input devi he system must res of the obje ject in the sa
es generally ha s darkness and t can improve ally in these inp
tional to the le second (i.e. fra e. A reduction e in the detect ecting the dev hich could redu
ovement track king system. T
ier to detect th -cost and limi
the cost of high accessibili e practical to u o input capabil arge size and l xample of an e
rly version of
KING INDONE
video in Howeve The siz and no used by latest-ge Howeve input d require Recen called “ tool wa scientist graduat Rio de sponsor Founda almost t the aim interact Howe video in detect e user's ey be attac then plu generate used to connect may hav
The b below. The hea then cap
ESIA JOURNAL
10 IIJ
nput device w er, even these ze of the eye m ot practical. F
g device using ped through t ng Vision S ell Collins, and
gure 1: Some rec
eye movement y pilots of com
eneration figh er, the eye m device (even w
high-cost com ently a new eye
“Ocular Mouse as developed ts headed by te of Electric E Janeiro (UFRJ red by the org ation (PFF). T
the same with m is also to he t easily with co ever, in contra nput device, bu eye muscle mo yes, with a tot ched to a specia
ugged into a ed from the e obtain the da tion. The cost ve limited acce
V. S block diagram
The system g ad marker tool ptured by the v
L
where the devi e tools still req
movement trac igure 1 (b) s g the latest vi the cooperatio Systems Inter d Helmet Integ
cent eye movem
t tracking devic mbat aircraft o
hters (e.g. t movement track
without the h mponents.
e tracking mov e” has been pro during 5 year
Professor M Engineering of J) [5]. The dev ganization nam The general fu
those we deve lp people with omputers.
ast the Ocular ut instead it use ovements. Sen tal of at least s al section the u tool that is c eye muscle m ata requires a
of the device i essibility to pe
SYSTEM ARCH
of our main sy ets its input fr l used in this s video input dev
GUNAW
ices are still le quire high-qua cking device i shows the eye
deo inputs. Th on of several rnational, Elb grated Systems.
ment tracking dev
ce shown in Fi of the United S
the F-35 Lig king device w helmet) is stil
vement device oposed. The O rs by a team anuel Cardoso f the Federal U velopment of t med Paulo Fe unctions of the eloped in this r h paralysis qua
r Mouse does es a special sen sors are placed six (6) sensors user's head. Th
apable of pro movement. The
PC with an R is about US$ 2 ople in develop
HITECTURE
ystem is shown from the head system emits li vice.
WAN ET AL.
ess accurate. ality camera. is also bulky e movement his tool was companies, bit systems,
.
vices.
igure 1 (b) is States in the ghtning II). with a video
l large, and
e from Brazil Ocular Mouse of Brazilian o, who is a University of
this tool was eitoza Brazil e device are research, and
adriplegia to
not use any nsor that can d around the that need to e sensors are cessing data e instrument RS-232 serial 200 and thus ping nations.
L
Light capture ysically (by th ored in the de mage (such as
oving images, t mes per second ebcam and the
Figure 2: B
In our system icrosoft Direct
e operating sy iver is a comp
rdware with t rdware and so mmunication mputer bus is mputer comp mputers. DirectShow is veloped by M edia streams or help software eaming media ocedures, and f rvices created 4].
Microsoft D plications to i sed on Windo mcorders, web deo input dev edia files.
The flexibility udio and video
ftware module
d by the vid he video input s evice in a data the JPEG for the webcam ca d (FPS) depend
software settin
lock diagram o
m the video inp
tShow. The vid ystem through
puter program the operating oftware throug subsystem co s a subsystem onents inside
s the API (A Microsoft to pe r files. One of developers in a [13]. Here functions of an
to help link a
irectShow ca interact with
ws media [16] bcams, DVD D
ices. DirectSh
y DirectShow i o files are tre es can control
deo input dev sensor devices a format repre rmat). To be aptures images ding on the sp ngs allowed.
of the main sys
put device use deo input devic a driver. In m that essentia system [11]. gh the compu onnected to t m that transfe e the comput
Application Pro erform various f the functions n variety opera the API is a n operating sys a program with
an be used and control th ]. Examples o Drives, TV tu how can also
is due to its m eated as data l the streams
ISSN: 194
ice is process ) and temporar esenting a dig
able to produ generally seve ecification of
stem
ed has to supp ce is connected this context ally connects Drivers conn uter bus or ot he hardware. ers data betwe
ter, or betwe
ogram Interfa s operations w
of DirectShow ations in terms a set of class stem, libraries, h other progra
d by Windo he input devi f devices inclu uners, and ana
be used to p
modular approa streams, and when the me
42-9703 / © 201 and sou speaker
The through DirectS of comp connect and the the pro movem movem and o combin onscree other ap Internet
In th previou Window by vide the ima captured caught b distribu
Fig
After then se threshol image i transfor predeter process
10 IIJ
device send da m data can be und card data rs.
program acce h DSPack234
Show [17]. (DS
mponents and a t the Delphi w en processed to ogram can pro ments and actio ments and action operate the nation of the o en keyboard c
pplications suc t.
V his research w usly explained ws DirectShow eo input device age. Figure 3 th
d by a webca by visual inpu uted using the W
gure 3: Diagram
r the program r egmented bas lding segment is turned into rmed into a b rmined by the (grayscale and
ata to the outp accessed befo can be acces
esses the imag
4 which gets
SPack234 in th additional clas with DirectShow
o obtain the re ovide the outp ons emulation ns emulation c Windows o output from th
an then be us ch as the intern
VI. ENSOTRA
we named our d, Ensotracke w API. The sou e in the form of
he programs ob am via DSPac ut devices used
Windows Direc
of Ensotracker
receives the or sed on the l tation method.
a grayscale i binary image, user. In Enso d binary image
put device. F ore it reaches
ssed before it
ge captured by s the image
his research is ses which can w). The image elevant inform put in the form n. In addition, can also be use nscreen keyb he program an sed to activate net browser fo
ACKER
r system Enso
er gets the i urce image its f a digital repre btaining the or ck234. The im d in Ensotracke
ctShow API.
processes
riginal image, light intensity In this metho image. Next, t using a thre tracker, the tra e) is done from
For example, the monitor, reaches the
y a webcam ed to activate
board. The nd Windows
e or operate or surfing the
otracker. As image from elf is caught esentation of riginal image mage that is
er systems is
the image is y using the od the initial
24
ordinate to bot Ensotracker r ogram transfor uring the transf ject pixel, the the first light t take further ocessed by the fault setting r ertical). When another object xt light source mage acquired
nsotracker prog
Figure 4: H
After the progr cond, the pro owever Ensotr hen the light so
cause the progr e input (see Fi
ad-tilt angle, w ad position de nnot be done w e position and c
ptured image c ssibility that t e not of the hea
As can be seen flection of the e second light e angle θ, if th e box 1 and box
θ = arctan ((X2
The above for e value of X an e formula abo
tween X and Y
ttom-right coor receives the l rms the graysc formation proc program takes source positio object pixel p e program has requires the d the program h t pixel position
e position. Th from the vide gram is closed.
Head Movement
ram gets the fi ogram can pe racker cannot ource is more o ram is designe igure 4). The f while the seco etector. The rea with more tha condition of th cannot be kno he first light s ad position mar
VII. ANGLE C
n in Figure 5, t first light sour source (box 2) he known valu x 2 (X1, X2, Y
2-X1) / (Y2-Y
rmula can lead nd Y of the box
ove has a re Y is at least 1.
INT
rdinate of the im light source's cale image into cess, when the s the pixel posi on. After that t ositions until reached a cert istance to be ad covered the n, that position his process co
eo input devic
Tracking Devic
irst light source erform the m perform the m or less than two
d to use two (2 first light sour ond light sourc
ason why the an two light so he equipment a own. This is b source position rker tool, but is
CALCULATIONS
the angle θ is o
quirement tha Special attent
TERNETWORK
ISSN: 194
mage. position as o a binary ima program finds ition and store the program do
the image that tain distance. T 20 pixels do e distance, if th n is stored as ontinues until ce is stopped
ce Ensotracker
e position and mouse emulati mouse emulat o sources. This 2) light sources rce is used as ce is used as mouse emulat ources is becau
t the head mar ecause there i n and the seco s instead a nois
S
obtained from the triangle A a
used to calcul and Y position
)
we do not che Calculations w at the differen tion also needs
KING INDONE
be give lead to convert degree, radians. we teste notepad (using t plays ga requires left of t the four to prev screen. screen a falling b left or r screen a
A nu activitie The res only an run.
The system either h Ensotra browse
ESIA JOURNAL
10 IIJ
en to the diffe “division by t degree to rad but the defa .
Fi
testing of the click, Interne tions using Ens ing the intern
t browser appl nk. In the test google.com” an
est the running ed a notepad d we asked us the on-screen ames similar to s user to move the screen. In r edges/sides o vent the ball f
The movable and is controll below the scre right, and upon
again. umber of res es in the above spondents wer nd were not allo
results of the can help peo hands or feet acker system through the In
L
rence in the v zero” error. F dians, because ault result of
igure 5: Angle C
VIII. TESTI
e system is do et browsing, a
sotracker. et browsing i lication, enteri ting process, t and the link use
g of other appli and a game c ser to type th keyboard). In o Arkanoid, w e a board or pl the game a ba of the screen. from dropping e board is loca led by the use een. The user n hitting the bo
spondents wer e test, providing re asked to us
owed to use ei
e test allowed ople browse th t. Thus it can
can help peo nternet.
GUNAW
value of Y, be Formula 180/p we need the v the arctan ca
Calculation
ING
one on severa and the runni
is started by ing the URL, the URL used ed was the “Ab
ications using called “Smashi e letters “ABC n smashing gam which is a simp
lank to the righ all bounces co
The object of g down the bo
ated on the bo er to prevent th
is able to mov ard the ball bo
re asked to p g us with some se the Ensotra
ither hands or
d us to conclu he Internet w n also be con ople with qua
WAN ET AL.
ecause it can pi is used to value of θ in
alculation is
al cases: the ing of other
opening the and clicking
was simply bout Google”
Ensotracker, ing”. On the CDEFGHIJ” me, the user ple game that ht and to the ontinually on f the game is
perform the e test results. acker system
feet in a test
file
The responden e or playing “ spondents are thout any prob e respondents flective boards hus from the re deed help peo sides the Intern
IX. In addition to
this research n be used as sition of the ob work correctl plied to its op d the backgro ing tracked. In this resear vice that can r ovement devic
ong potential adriplegia. Ho oduced by the e quality of the ouse emulation
For the future velop more co d, better electro d others. In ad mproved using
ise easily and r a more refine
CoderSource.ne http://www.cod Gonzalez, Rafa Image Processin Topik Primary c http://en.wikipe Topik Visible S http://en.wikipe Redação Terra, Hardware & So http://tecnologia 2008. Tania Orsi, Scie http://www.scie ularmouse.htm. Quadriplegia - Q http://www.spin UN Enable - Re http://www.un.o Market share fo http://marketsha 0] Jow Webcams W
web-cams-work
nts had no dif “Smashing” ga
able to type i blems. In tryin
did not expe s on the screen esults it can be ople to run a net browser, w
CONCLUSION A
creating the h we also show the detecting bject/light. Ho ly there are s perating enviro ound should b
rch, we have replace the mou ce in an inex
ls primarily owever, the r video input de e tracking of th n.
e development onvenient tools onic cables, ad ddition, the lig a more robust can use a larg d the movemen
REFER et, Binary Image, dersource.net/cshar
el C. & Woods, R ng. Pearson Educa color Wikipedia, edia.org/wiki/Prim Spectrum Wikipedi edia.org/wiki/Visib
Brasileiro cria mo
oftware, a.terra.com.br/inte
enceNET, encenet.com.br/bac
2008. Quadriplegia, nalinjury.net/quadr elationship betwee org/disabilities/def or browsers, operat are.hitslink.com/re Work, http://www k/. 2008.
fficulty in eithe ame. When try in the letters g the game “S erience proble n by using th e concluded tha and operate o
ithout using th
AND FUTURE W
ead movement wed that a thre and tracking wever, in orde some constrain onment. Notab be darker than
succeeded in use input using xpensive way. for people resolution and vice is very str he head movem
s of our syste s for the users djustable ear po
ght positioning t algorithm tha ger image resol nt of the mous
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rp_color_image_to ichard E., Thresho
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ISSN: 194
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Gunawan receive Science in 1991 Technology in 20 Surabaya, Indone doctoral degree at Nopember, in Sur working as Vice D Senior Lecturer Surabaya. His re Language Proce Indonesia), Artific Mining, Neural Algorithm.
F. X. Ferdinandu Computer Science Teknik Surabaya, Computer Scienc Teknologi Sepul Indonesia. He is cu Student Affairs an Tinggi Teknik S include Networkin
Tri Kurniawan degree in Comput Tinggi Teknik Sur time computer lab year of study in Department of Co Tinggi Teknik Su December 2007. C in the faculty of I Technology. His r learning, neural systems, intelligen theory.
Indra Maryati r Computer Science Teknik Surabaya pursuing a ma Technology at Surabaya. Additio Lecturer at the Sek Indonesia.
ipedia.org/wiki/De
Holmes, Mark A.
er. Cambridge, UK 443.
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cation Programmin
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d_reality. 2008.
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2008.
ed the S.Kom degr 1 and M.Kom 005 from Sekolah sia. Currently he t the Institut Tek rabaya, Indonesia. Dean of Academi at Sekolah T search interests i essing (especially
cial Intelligence, Network, Fuzzy
us received the S. e in 1992 from Indonesia, and the ce in 1997 from
luh Nopember, urrently working a nd a Senior Lectu Surabaya. His res ng, and Data Encry
Wijaya received
ter Science in 200 rabaya, Indonesia. boratory assistant s this university. omputer Science, urabaya, as a facu Currently, he is a g Informatics, Vienn research interests i
networks, dec nt agent, data min
received the S.K e in 2010 from the a, Indonesia. Cu ster’s degree i the Sekolah T onally, she is work kolah Tinggi Tekn
evice_driver.
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ree in Computer in Information h Tinggi Teknik
e is pursuing a knologi Sepuluh He is currently ic Affairs and a Tinggi Teknik include Natural y in Bahasa
Data and Web y, and Genetic
.Kom degree in Sekolah Tinggi e M.T degree in m the Institut
in Surabaya, as Vice Dean of urer at Sekolah search interests yption.
d his bachelor 07 from Sekolah
. He was a full-since his second
He joined the at the Sekolah ulty member in graduate student na University of include machine cision support ning, and game
Kom degree in Sekolah Tinggi urrently she is
26
Edwin Sen degree in Co Tinggi Tekn degree in Ec Wijaya Putra the IT Mana Contactor Co
INT
o Dwihapsoro re omputer Science i nik Surabaya, Ind conomics in 2008 a, Surabaya. He is agement division a
ompany.
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ISSN: 194
eceived the S.K in 2008 from Seko donesia, and the
from the Univers s currently workin t Magna Karsa Mu
KING INDONE
42-9703 / © 201
Kom olah S.E sitas g in ulya
ESIA JOURNAL
10 IIJ
