Name : Silvika Fitriani Lestari (120820160003) Class : Executive 47
INDIVIDUAL TASK FOR BEST REVIEW PRACTICE IN JAPAN
Topic-3 Souvenirs
Various kinds of souvenirs
What kind of souvenir products from SMEs business actor in Nakamises Dori Area?
Japan is a very interesting tourism place and it has a beautiful natural beauty. This is one of the reasons why Japan became favorite tourist destinations for a vacation. Japan has a variety of tourist attractions that can entertain the visitors. One of the recommended places in Japan for vacation is Nakamises Dori. Nakamises Dori is Japan's oldest shopping center. There are many shops lined up along Nakamises Dori. Most of them sell various kinds of souvenirs and Japanese traditional food for domestic and foreign tourists. This area is very famous among tourists to hunt Japanese souvenirs for their family or friends back home. Nakamises Dori sells various products of UMKM in Japan which become one of economic strength in Japan and it also has a very fast growing MSME business. In managing its SME business Japan State uses advanced technology for its production process. Thus, the quality of products made in Japan always has good quality and very reputable. Management applied in the business of SMEs located in Nakamises Dori has been arranged well especially in the marketing or promotions. Nakamises Dori keeps being filled with visitiros from various countries, both on weekdays and on holidays. Nakamises Dori is a place where Japanese people sell creative, innovative, unique and interesting Japanese products or souvenirs. Nakamises Dori offers many souvenirs to the tourists. Various kinds of souvenirs that are sold in Nakamises Dori embedded with beautiful art or Japanese culture value. Here are several souvenirs sold in Nakamises Dori, most of them are typical Japanese trinkets such as key chains, refrigerator magnets, porcelain, spoon, plates, chopsticks, fans, lanterns, Japanese cloth, Japanese sandals, t-shirts, bags, etc. Here is the explanations of various souvenirs at Nakamises Dori:
1. Suzutsuki Omamori temple. Lantern is one of the typical Japanese objects that are usually made of paper with a candle in the middle. This lantern is very unique and has various colors, drawings or Japanese writing.
3. Replica of the Samurai Sword
Everyone knows what a samurai is. Samurai is a sword used by Japanese to fight either in a war or a battle. Samurai is made by experts from Mongolia. The original samurai can cut hard and corrosion resistant objects. It is believed that the original samurai possessed a mystical power.
4. Wind chimes or Furin
This souvenir can cool the heart of a person when hearing the sound. The sound is typical of the bells that move due to wind gusts. Furins are usually made of metal or glass.
5. Furoshiki
Furoshiki is a typical Japanese cloth that is usually used as a wrapper of various objects. The fabric is multifunctional with good quality and quick drying. Furoshiki has a rectangular form with a variety of typical Japanese traditional motifs. The motive is believed to give happiness to the wearer. There are a variety of art folding or wrapping techniques of Furoshiki cloth. Furoshiki is formed according to the needs. The use of this cloth is the reminder that the Japanese people love the environment, they show it by reducing the use of plastic.
6. Chopsticks
7. Maneki neko
Maneki neko is a cat-shaped statue or a calling cat that is believed by the Japanese as an object that can bring luck. There are several meanings of the cat's waving hand. If the right hand that wave it can bring good luck or money. While the left hand wave it will attract customers. Therefore, Maneki neko will be easily found by the tourists in the shops along Nakamises Dori street. The cat statue is like calling or inviting buyers to stop by their store. Some of Maneki neko cannot move but there are some that can move using the electricity or battery. I bought some fruit necks maneki because I really love cat. 8. Yukata and Kimono
Yukata is a typical Japanese dress called Kimono summer and it can be found in many tourist attractions. In Japan, they usually rent the yukata to the tourists who want to try using it and tourist can even take pictures. At the fireworks party there will be a lot of Japanese residents who wear yukata. The material of yukata is usually thinner than kimono and the pattern in yukata is also simpler than kimono. Kimono will only be used in formal events whereas yukata is used for non formal events. Kimono has a very expensive price so it is rarely sold, meanhwile yukata has a more affordable price.
9. Geta and Zori
Geta is a traditional Japanese sandal made of wood. Geta is usually wore with typical Japanese clothes such as kimono or yukata. Geta has the function to not expose the puddles. While the typical Japanese sandals are similar to geta but made out of fabric or straw. It is usually called Zori which is used in more formal events.
10. Japanese hand fan
Half the population of the world probably know what is fan. The fan helps Japanese residents in the summer to get some fresh air. Hand fan is more practical to take it anywhere because some fan designs can be folded. This fan is made from paper with writing or drawings typical of Japan. In times of war, fans were used as a medium to transfer information through symbols written on the fan paper.
11. A typical Japanese or wagasa umbrella
Wagasa is a designation for typical umbrellas of Japan. Wagasa Umbrella is very beautiful with various images and colors. This umbrella is made in a traditional way with high artistic value. It can be seen from the arranged bamboo frames and paint that are pinned on the umbrella. Wagasa umbrellas are used for tea ceremonies or festivals in Japan. Currently this wagasa umbrella is mostly used as decoration. 12. Daruma dolls
Daruma dolls are typical Japanese dolls that are ball-shaped and red. The color is considered a repellent of reinforcements. There are several expressions of the doll. This doll is believed to bring good luck and symbol of struggle. This doll has the history of Bodhidharma who do meditation for 9 years without moving. This doll still stands up despite falling many times. The message of the story is that people must continue to struggle and never give up. I was interested in daruma dolls and ended up buying 2 pieces for my niece.
13. Japanese geisha dolls
Geisha is a traditional artist or entertainer in the city of famous Japanese Country in the 18th century. Geisha has a very distinctive facial makeup. Geisha usually wear kimono and has many skills such as dancing or playing musical instrument. However, geisha tend to have negative connotations. The story of geisha is very famous that people started writing books about it and even made a movie titled Memoirs of a Geisha. Furthermore, a lot of geisha dolls are made with a wide range of poses like wearing an umbrella or playing a musical instrument to serve as a typical souvenir of Japan. I remembered my mother who wanted to buy a typical Japanese decoration, therefore I bought a geisha doll as a souvenir for her.
14. Fun Mask
Fun Mask is a traditional Japanese festival mask with a variety of Japanese cartoon or anime characters. This mask is made of paper and it is very famous among children because these children can be their favorite hero or cartoon character by wearing the mask.
15. Japanese porcelain
Japanese porcelain is one of parts of the ceramic culture in Japan with typical Japanese paintings or Japanese letter or kanji carvings. Various forms obtained from the ceramic culture such as plate, glass, jar, teapot, flower vase ect. Japanese porcelain is increasingly popular in the world because of its beauty and quality.
16. Key Chain
maneki neko. Some key chains also describe the tourism places in Japan and many more. The key chain offered at Nakamises Dori has good quality and it is sold at a price of around IDR 50,000 for one. 17. T-shirts with the characteristic of Japan
At Nakamises Dori I also found a shop that sells t-shirts with read kanji on it. I remember that the tour guide told me to be careful when I want to buy Japanese t-shirts. The reason is that a lot of t-shirts are not originally made by Japanese and some of them are made in China. It is better to be careful when buying typical Japanese t-shirts, pay attention to the material of the t-shirt. Make sure it’s thick and has high-quality.
18. Refrigerator Magnet
Refrigerator magnet is also one of famous souvenir bought by the tourists. There are various shapes and kinds of Japanese refrigerator magnets and it is very attractive for the tourists visiting the place. Most of the fridge magnets illustrated the location or the famous place in Japan such as pictures of temples, Mount Fuji, Tokyo tower and etc.
CULTURAL ANALYSIS
After you visited the Sensoji Temple and Asakusa Shrine, please provide your opinion how the Japanese culture is associated with other noble-living values and cultures.
Japan is a developed country with great respect for the culture. In modern days, Japan is very appreciative of the traditions inherited by their ancestors. They also value the stages in life. The majority Japanese population follow sinto religion. Sinto is a religion that teaches humans to be more integrated with the nature. Sinto does not take sides to any religion. However, Buddhist ordinances are used during funerals or deceased persons. Religious devotees will celebrate the New Year by coming to the temple in the middle of the night that is on the eve of the end of the year. There will be a bell rang as much as 108 times as a symbol of the abolition of sin. Furthermore, Japanese residents will pray at the temple to gain more goodness in the New Year and also to see the forecast in the new year. Before praying, the person performs the purification rites of the soul and body in the fountain. This ritual is commonly called tsumi. The next day, they buy incense and pray. Smoke that comes out of the incense is believed to expel various diseases.
In asakusa there is a temple of Buddhist relics. In Asakusa there is a huge gate called kaminarimon which means lightning. After entering into the gate of kaminarimon, there will be many shops that sell various kinds of traditional Japanese snacks and souvenirs called Nakamises Dori. On the end of Nakamises Dori, there will be a gate of Sensoji Temple. At the gate, there is a very large red lantern with kanji inscription. Sensoji Temple is the most famous and oldest temple in Asakusa. Sensoji Temple was established since the 6th century. There are many Buddhists who pray at the temple every day. The temple is also open for public, thus the temple is always crowded by visitors especially on holidays.
The history of the Sensoji Temple is a building that is a tribute to the village elders against Bodhisattwa Kannon because the inhabitants of Hinokuma Hamanari and Hinokuma Takenari obtained the statue of Kannon Goddess (goddess quan im) while fishing. Building Sensoji Temple has a high art, the building was made to be beautiful, majestic and interesting. In addition, Sensoji Temple has several buildings. Kanonndo hall is the name for the main room in Sensoji Temple commonly used by visitors or tourists to pray. There are ancient paintings on the roofs of Sensoji Temple which become an interesting sight for tourists. Before praying, the visitors have to donate 100 yen. There are many visitors who try to predict their luck at Sensoji Temple because many people believe that the results of these predictions are often right. They will shuffle the container containing the wooden bars, after that one piece of wood will come out. There will be the other pair of wooden numbers on pieces of paper stored in a closet. The writing on the paper becomes the prediction of someone’s fate.
Asakusa Shrine is known by the name of Sanja-sama which means the temple of three gods. The temple of three gods was made in honor of the founder of Sensoji Temple. The culture at Sensoji Temple is very much preserved. This is evidenced by the routine Japanese residents who hold a festival or carnival at Sensoji Temple. For example the Sanja Masturi festival which is always held for 3 days at the 3rd week in May. This event is a tribute to the founder of Sensoji Temple, Hinokuma Hamanari, Hinokuma Takenari and Hajino Nakatomo who became the first three people to learn Buddhism. The festival is usually crowded by visitors and the music of taiko. The main attraction of this festival is parading 3 omikoshi (small temple) which weighs up to 40 tons. Lots of people will parade the 3 small temples along the way. There are 3-4 yakuza above the omikoshi (small shrine) as a giver to the participants who bring omikoshi. This festival is believed to bring good luck to them.
There is also regular event called Asakusa Samba Carnival regularly held in August. The show features samba dancers consisting of 30-40 groups of dancers wearing a variety of exciting samba costumes with different shades and colors. Although samba dance is a typical dance from the Brazil but it turns out samba dance is also famous among the Japanese population and it is one of their favorite hobbies. The relationship built between Japan and Brazil is very close in cultural terms. This festival is kind of like a race and there will be a winner who will take home the prize. The route of the event is from Umamichi road to the gate of Sensoji Temple.
blossoms are distinctive Japanese pink flowers that bloom between late March and early April. Euno park is one of the famous place to see the cherry blossom.
The obon festival is a festival filled with Buddhist teachings. Obon festival is a ceremony to pick up the spirits of the ancestors. The word of obon itself comes from the word bon which means the tray. The festival is held for 3 days in August with the tradition of providing offerings of food on a tray to the spirits of the ancestors or people who have died. The spirits come to visit relatives and stay a few days. When the ancestral spirits return to the house, it will be illuminated by a small fire or called okuribi. It is done to guide the ancestral spirits to return to their place of origin. The offerings are made from cucumber or eggplant to be formed like a horse that is believed to be used as a vehicle when the ancestral spirits returned to their origin.
Many Japanese cultures deserve to be called as hardworking people because they are willing to work overtime. The average Japanese person works over 2400 hours/day. Many Japanese also work part time after they come home from work. For Japanese, come home early is a shame. They are unyielding and it can be proven by the persistent of Japanese society that rose from the world war of Hirosima and Nagasaki. They rebuilt the cities of Hirosima and Nagasaki in fast period of time. The Japanese are self-sustaining and life-saving people. Since childhood they are taught to live independently. First, they have to enroll to the school accompanied by the parents. After that, the children will learn to go to school without their parents. They choose to walk or use public transport in comparison with private cars. A lot of Japanese also use bicycles. However, there are some drawbacks of the Japanese society such as they prefer career than family. They chose to live alone and not marry anyone because the cost of living in Japan is very expensive.
Japan is one of the countries in the world with a high level of creativity and innovation. Many great achievement have been obtained because the Japanese are very fond of reading books. Although the technology is very sophisticated they prefer to read from books than from smartphones. We can see many Japanese use their time to read books in public transport. Japanese who eventually became inventors is usually because they became the pioneers of an invention. They also greatly appreciate the work of others. Therefore, there will be no one who copies other people’s book without permission (plagiarism). In addition, other than being intelligent, most of Japanese are friendly and very polite especially to elderly. Cultural bending is their respect and it is the way they value others.
The Japanese like to keep their health by consuming fresh vegetables, fruits and fish. That is why many Japanese people have a long life compared to the population of other countries in the world. Japan's population discipline culture is so high that they consider time as money. That is why Japanese will always be on time. Therefore, all transportation in Japan departs according to the hours specified. There is very rare occurrence of delay in transportation departure schedule in Japan. In addition, Japan also applied the culture of queuing very well. Although they are very appreciative of the time but the culture of queuing they still do in various occasions such as queuing in the toilet or when buying food. They are very responsible and obedient to the rules. For example, when riding their escalator they will use predefined rules. They will use the right lane to precede, for example when someone is in a hurry.
The Japanese love nature a lot so they never litter. Self-awareness has been instilled by them since very young age. Those who like to litter around will have social pressure in the society. The garbage is also separated by the type of waste. There is garbage that can be burned, cannot be burned and garbage can be recycled. They are disciplined and consistent when disposing of the garbage. Even household waste collection has been scheduled so they have to follow a predetermined schedule. If they do not find a trash can they will bring the garbage until they find a trash can. No wonder the garbage is very rarely found in public places or along the roads of Japan.
The Japanese have a high sense of shame. They will feel ashamed if they make a mistake. It can be said that Japanese is kind of perfectionist. There are a lot of suicide case in Japan due to the shame they often carry in life. Having a high sense of shame is good but not to the point of committing suicide because no one is perfect. In addition, every human must have made a mistake in their life.
Although Japan is known as developed country with advanced technology. Japanese highly uphold and preserve their art and culture. The above details are the various cultural values implanted by the Japanese. Most of these are very positive values. No wonder if Japan is usually used as a good example for other countries.
Indonesia is very wealth country comparing to Japan because Indonesia has a lot of natural resources. Indonesia consists of various islands, diverse regional arts, cultures, tribes, religions and languages. Indonesia has a large population, good quality of gold mines, largest natural gas reserves, fertile soils, vast oceans, greatest tropical forests, and various historical relics. But the culture implanted in Japan is very different comparing to Indonesia. All assets owned by Indonesia should be able to be utilized properly and wisely by every citizen of Indonesia. Cultural values implanted since childhood on every individual will be very influential for the progress of the nation. Indonesian should be able to inculcate a positive culture at an early age so that the Indonesia could be more advanced in the future by valuing art.
Japanese people use bicycle
COMPANY VISIT
After you visited the Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, Clean Authority of Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, provides your recommendation in relations.
Topic-1
The era of globalization makes many countries try to establish cooperative relations with other countries. Indonesia is one of the destination countries to invest. In establishing cooperation relations between countries will have a positive and negative impact for both countries. One of the positive impacts is the development of the state company to make it easy to go international. While one of the negative impacts is very the waste it will be generated. Indonesia is a large country with the population of about 260 million in 2016 including migrants from other countries who live or work in Indonesia. Thus, Indonesia will generate more waste.
Indonesia became the 2nd largest contributor to the production of plastic waste. It is not an achievement we should be proud of. Trash becomes never-ending issue in Indonesia and there is about 100 million tons of plastic waste is disposed in the sea every year. Land used for landfills is very limited and unkempt. The awareness of Indonesian on environmental cleanliness is also very low. There are many Indonesian who like to throw waste carelessly. Resulting in flooding in the area during the rainy season. Trash can cause water, soil and air pollution. Waste burning will cause global warming. This has been proven by several studies showing the thinner layers of the atmosphere on Earth.
Waste piles can also be a hotbed for people. There are various types of diseases resulting from the waste such as diarrhea, typhoid, dengue, cholera etc. In addition, the odor generated from the waste can be toxic and it can endanger the life of all creatures. Waste can also damage the environment and the ecosystem. Waste can also disturb the scenery and the beauty of the city.
There are also a lot of waste that cannot be decomposed especially plastic waste. Plastic waste is an environmentally unfriendly waste because new plastic waste can decompose if it is embedded in the soil for more than 20 years. Every year, Indonesia keeps producing waste in an increasing number. However, Indonesia has a bad waste management. Waste is only collected, transported and then disposed in the landfill. This is done because the Indonesia does not have any other alternative for waste processing. Thus, most of the waste are only transported and thrown in the landfill. Unlike other developed countries that have had ways to reduce and manage waste so that they can be used or reused.
The Indonesian government has not been very optimal in solving the waste problem. Indonesia has very limited skill to manage the waste and Indonesia has not been able to use the technology wisely. Places used as landfill land (Final Disposal Place) are also still small and unkempt. Law enforced by the government to residents who dispose of waste is also not firm and inconsistent. But the Government has tried to increase the public awareness about the environment by adding lessons on the impact of waste on the environment in formal schools. Formal schools and the wider community also make the movement of environmentalists as a container to instill a sense of love for the surrounding environment. The government has also made a policy to pay for plastic bag. However, it does not have a big impact despite the reduction of plastic waste by Indonesian. The Government of Indonesia has also changed the paradigm of society on waste management that was originally collected, transported and disposed of into 4R which means reduce, reuse recycle and replace. So far the Indonesian government is trying to find a way out of waste management so 4R is really workable but there are still many obstacles. The constraints will be discussed in topic 3.
Topic-2
Building the incineration plant at local government (City government, provincial and/or central government).
Incineration is waste processing using technology by burning waste with high temperature by converting waste into ash and heat energy that can be utilized as a source of energy and emit more environmentally friendly gas. When using incineration technology, the garbage is first separated from dangerous and toxic waste. The Indonesian government also prohibits the incineration of hazardous and toxic wastes unless authorized by the government. There are many developed countries that use incineration technology in an effort to reduce waste and utilize the results of waste that has been in the school so more environmentally friendly. One example is Japan.
There are many areas in Indonesia that try to find solutions to minimize waste problems. The most appropriate technology for Indonesia is the thermal incineration process. This process is able to reduce waste quickly in large amounts. This technology will take 1 to 2 hours to process waste into a source of electrical energy. This process will use about 1000 tons of waste as raw material. The process of bio or gas harvesting that has been done in some areas in Indonesia such as Bekasi, Palembang and Bali is less effective and efficient because it takes a long time.
Thermal incineration process is being planned in several regions in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Bali, Palembang and Bandung. But in the process, it turns out that waste reduction using thermal incineration still needs to be studied again. That's because the process will greatly affect the environment and require scientific evidence that the burning results are safe for public health.
Topic-3
Solving the problems faced by government of Indonesia that inhibit the Building of incineration plant in Indonesia.
The slow development of waste management technology is not in equipped with the socialization and implementation of waste management in the community. Waste management and waste disposal procedures are also not conducted regularly and consistently by the community. Most of people still mixing all kinds of waste in one container. The waste should be selected and separated by type so it will be easy in the management and results obtained will be effective and efficient.
Application incineration in Indonesia is less appropriate because the water content in the waste is very high exceeding 80%. So, in the process of burning energy, it needs more energy to evaporate the water. As a result the cost for waste processing will be more expensive. The incineration process is still a pro cons because it proved to produce harmful emissions gas in the form of dioxins and furans that are believed to be very risky for health and fine particle that can damage the ecosystem. In addition, site selection for incineration needs to be considered because it becomes an injustice in the environment or poor areas. The number of public protests because the incineration process will release liquid waste that will contaminate the environment and burning residues containing toxins that are more harmful to the life of living creatures.
There are several types of Incineration process, to produce optimal output and not harm to the household, then collected by the cleanliness agency and Dumped at the landfill.
In maintaining the environment, the society is the most important aspect. Therefore, the government should guide the community to stop littering around and stop damaging the environment. The government needs to change public attitudes and behavior regarding cleanliness. Maintaining cleanliness should be an obligation but it becomes the need of every individual so that people do not litter. The government needs to conduct continuous coaching with support from the wider community.
In improving the role of society to maintain cleanliness, the government can make some efforts such as making intensive program about environmental cleanliness. The needs to increase the insight and knowledge about environmental hygiene both in formal and wider school. People have to increase their reading interest on environmental issues and how to handle it. Invite the community to play an active role in maintaining environmental hygiene by not littering, conducting work activities and mutual cooperation. Invite people to follow hygiene maintenance procedures by separating waste by its type. The government should urge people to separate the waste by the type of garbage at each location such as household, office, school, hospital etc. Trash is separated according to the type of organic and non-organic before throw it in the rubbish bin. The government have to provide trash cans with different containers for each type of waste. Furthermore, the garbage that has been collected by the type will be taken to landfills to be processed. The role of communities in separating the types of waste and reducing plastic waste will greatly assist the government in reducing the waste issues.
should be to be applied so that people who do not follow the rules will be deterrent. Maintaining cleanliness is a shared responsibility so it needs to be instilled in each person by applying the 4R method in everyday life. 1. Reduce, for example when shopping carrying a special bag shopping so that people do not need to use plastic bag. Store data or soft copy in computer instead of in hard copy. Choose the most environmentally friendly products that generate less waste. 2. Reuse, for example reuse the container (refill) such as shampoo, soap or ballpoint. Reusing the paper back page. 3. Recycle, for example separating the plastic waste for recycling, organic waste for fertilizer. And 4. Replace, for example replacing Styrofoam with a food container (foodstuff).
Counseling and guidance given to the community must be clear and easy to understand. The goal is to make the community to understand easily, creating awareness of the needs of environmental hygiene. To increase the sense of love for the environment, the government rewards the region that has the achievement in maintaining its regional environment. The government also instilled a sense of love of hygiene since childhood through education in school by teaching children about healthy and clean lifestyle. Increasing the role of society in environmental hygiene will be successful if the communication, self awareness, enthusiasm and sense of responsibility embedded in each individual so that Indonesia will be free from waste issues.
As a good citizen let's together begin to instill positive mindset, build self-awareness and be more responsible to the environment. Start to get used to the smallest things such as not littering, reducing the use of plastics, choosing products that produce little waste/environmentally friendly products, separating waste by its type. Practice and respect this kind of attitude and show it to people near you. Do it for the common good and progress of Indonesia.
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