PENG EMBANG AN SO AL
WRITING
Nunik Sug e sti 08122785845
nn_sug e sti@ ya ho o .c o m
nuniksug e sti@ uny.a c .id Unive rsita s Ne g e ri Yo g ya ka rta
WRI TI NG
o Not j ust about accuracy
WHAT I S NEEDED?
o Having enough ideas
o Organising t hem w ell
o Expressing t hem in an appropr iat e st y le
MI CROSKI LLS FOR WRI TI NG
o Produce graphem es and ort hographic pat t erns of English
o Produce w r it int at an efficient r at e of speed t o suit t he purpose
o Produce an accept able core of w ords and use appropr iat e w or d order
pat t erns
o Express a part icular m eaning in different gram m at ical form s
o Use cohesiv e devices in w r it t en discourse
o Use t he rhet or ical form s and convent ions of w r it t en discourse
o Appropr iat ely accom plish t he
com m unicat iv e funct ions of w r it t en t ext s according t o form and purpose
o Convey links and connect ions
bet w een event s and com m unicat e such relat ions as m ain idea,
support ing idea, new inform at ion, given inform at ion, generalizat ion, and exem plificat ion
o Cor r ect ly convey cult ur ally specific using feedback for r evising and edit ing
GENERAL COMPONENTS OF
WRI TI NG
o Cont ent
o Form
o Gram m ar
o St y le
o Mechanics
WRI TI NG TESTS
o Obj ect iv e t est s
COMPOSI TI ON TESTS ( advant ages)
o Measur ing cer t ain w r it ing abilit ies m ore effect iv ely
o Mot ivat ing st udent s t o im prove t heir w r it ing
o Being m uch easier and quicker t o prepare
COMPOSI TI ON TESTS
( disadvant ages)
o Being unr eliable m easures
1. differ ent st udent s’ perform ance on different t opics and occasions
2. subj ect ive scor ing
I MPROVI NG THE EFFECTI VENESS OF COMPOSI TI ON TESTS
o Arrange t o t ake several sam ples, rat her t han j ust one
o Set w r it ing t ask s t hat are w it hin t he reach of all
o Make t he w r it ing t asks clear and specific; prov ide full dir ect ions
o Allow no alt er nat ives
o Pret est t he w r it ing t est assignm ent s
WHI CH TO USE?
o Well const r uct ed obj ect ive t est s
o Com posit ion t est s w it h clear
adm inist rat ion and scor ing syst em
OBJECTI VE TESTS
o Error recognit ion
o Sent ence com plet ion
o Sent ence correct ion
ERROR RECOGNI TI ON
The posit ion t ak en in his m ost r ecent
A B
speeches seem t o indicat e a w illingness C
t o com prom ise. No error
SENTENCE COMPLETI ON
Dur ing his last year in office, his popular it y w it h t he vot ers ….
A. descended dow nw ard sw ift ly
B. quick ly t ouched bot t om
C. declined very suddenly
D. rapidly plunged under
SENTENCE CORRECTI ON
While w at ching from our w indow , t he great ship slow ly ent er ed t he harbor, w hist le blow ing and crew cheer ing.
A. While w at ch
B. Upon w at ching
C. As w e w at ched
CATEGORI ES FOR EVALUATI NG
WRI TI NG ( Br ow n, 1991)
o Cont ent
o Organizat ion
o Discourse
o Synt ax
o Vocabulary
