iii ABSTRAK
Pneumonia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dan penyumbang terbesar penyebab kematian anak usia di bawah lima tahun. Pneumonia membunuh hampir 1 dari 5 kematian anak balita, membunuh lebih dari 2 juta anak balita setiap tahun yang sebagian besar terjadi di negara berkembang. Tahun 2013 di Sumatera Utara ada 23.643 kasus pneumonia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran batita penderita pneumonia yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan tahun 2015.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case series dengan populasi adalah seluruh batita penderita pneumonia yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan tahun 2015 sebanyak 106 orang dan dijadikan sampel.Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan analisa statistik uji Chi-Square, uji mann-whitney dan uji kruskal-wallis. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi, tabel distribusi frekuensi, diagram pie dan bar.
Diperoleh bahwa proporsi batita penderita pneumonia tertinggi ada pada kelompok umur 24-35 bulan (44,3%), laki-laki (60,4%), Suku Batak (93,4%), Kristen Protestan (75,5%), Kota Medan (64,2%), status gizi baik (76,5%), status imunisasi tidak lengkap (59,4%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (83,0%), derajat pneumonia (91,5%), lama rawatan rata-rata 4,76 hari dan pulang sembuh (83,0%). Tidak ada perbedaan umur batita penderita pneumonia berdasarkan derajat pneumonia, lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan umur dan derajat pneumonia.Ada perbedaan lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan status gizi dan penyakit penyerta, status gizi berdasarkan derajat pneumonia serta derajat pneumonia berdasarkan kondisi sewaktu pulang.
Bagian poli anak Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth sebaiknya memberikan penyuluhan kepada orang tua batita untuk dapat mengenali gejala serta faktor risiko pneumonia.Orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan penyakit penyerta harus lebih diawasi untuk mencegah anak menderita pneumonia.Pihak rekam medik harus melengkapi pencatatan riwayat berat badan lahir dan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif di dalam kartu status.
Kata Kunci: Gambaran, Batita dan Pneumonia
iv ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is one of health issues and the biggest contributor that causes of death for children under five years old. Pneumonia kills 1 in 5 children under five years old, kills more than 2 million children under five years old every year and mainly in developing countries. In 2013 at North Sumatra, there are 23.643 cases of pneumonia. This study aims to describe the the children under three years old with pneumonia who are hospitalized at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2015.
This study uses the case series and the population is all of the the children under three years oldwith pneumonia who are hospitalized at Santa Elizabeth Hospital in 2015, total population is 106 children and be the sampel. This study uses secondary data with statistical analysis Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis tes. The result describe in narrative, in frequency distribution table, in pie and bar chart.
This study showed that the proportion of the children under three years oldwith pneumonia is highest in the age group 24-35 months (44.3%), male (60.4%), Batak (93.4%), Protestants (75.5%), Medan (64.2%), good nutritional status (76.5%), incomplete immunization status (59.4%), without concomitant diseases (83.0%), pneumonia (91.5%) , average of treatment duration 4.76 days and recovered (83.0%). There is no difference in age with pneumonia based on the degree of pneumonia, average of treatment duration based on age and degree of pneumonia. There is a difference in average of treatment duration based on nutritional status and concomitant diseases, the nutritional status based on the degree of pneumonia and the degree of pneumonia based on after treatment conditions.
Children's polyclinic of Santa Elisabeth Hospital provide a counseling for the parents about pneumonia. The parents who have children with concomitant diseases should be more aware to prevent their children from pneumonia. The department of medical records must complete the card status registration especially in history of birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Describe, Children under three years old and Pneumonia
