DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Greenwald BJ. Clinical practice guidelines for pediatric constipation. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2010; 22:332-8
2. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Constipation in children. Diunduh dari: www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov. Diakses: September 2013
3. Blackmer AB, Farrington EA. Constipation in the pediatric patient: an overview and pharmacologic considerations. J of Pediatr Health Care 2010;24:385-99
4. Croffie JM, Fitzgerald JF. Idiopathic Constipation. Dalam: Walker, Goulet, Kleinman, Sherman, Sneider, Sanderson, penyunting. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. Edisi ke-4. USA. B.C. Decker Inc. 2004.h.1000-15
5. Kadim M. Konstipasi fungsional pada anak. Disampaikan pada Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan (PIT) IV Ilmu Kesehatan Anak. Medan, 2010.h.635-38.
6. Firmansyah A. Konstipasi pada anak. Dalam Juffrie M, Soenarto SSY, Oswari H, Arif S, Rosalina I, Mulyani NS, penyunting. Buku Ajar gastroenterology-Hepatologi. Jilid 1. Cetakan kedua. Jakarta. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. 2011.h.201-14.
7. Wyllie MD, Hyams JS. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease:
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. Edisi ke-2. WB Saunders, Philadelphia:1999
8. Constipation Guideline Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (CGCNASPGHAN). Evaluation and treatment of constipation in infants and children: Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;43:e1-13
9. Croffie JM. Constipation in children. Indian J Pediatr2006;73:697-701 10. Dijk MW, Benninga MA, Grootenhuis MA, Nieuwenhuizen AM, Last BF.
Chronic childhood constipation: a review of the literature and the introduction of a protocolized behavioral intervention program. Patient Educ Couns 2007;67:63-77
11. Hong Li Z,Dong M, Feng Wang Z. Functional constipation in children : investigation and management of anorectal motility. World J Pediatr. 2008;4(1):45-8
12. Wyllie R. Functional Constipation. Dalam: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton, penyunting. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edisi ke-18. Philadelphia. Saunders Elsevier;2004.h.1565
13. Jurnalis YD, Sarmen S Sayoeti Y. Konstipasi pada anak. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 2013;40:27-31
14. Rubin G, Dale A. Chronic constipation in children. BMJ 2006;333:1051-5 15. Uc A, Hyman PE, Walker LS. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in
16. Baran M, Ozgenc F, Arikan C, Cakir M, Ecevit CO, Aydogdu S, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux in children with functional constipation. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012;23:634-8
17. Borowitz SM, Sutphen JL. Recurrent vomiting and persistent
gastroesophageal reflux caused by unrecognized constipation. Clin Pediatr 2004;43:461-6
18. Arnaud MJ. Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation? Eur J of Clin Nutr 2003;57:S88-95
19. Supriatmo. Praktis Klinis : Tatalaksana Konstipasi Fungsional.
Disampaikan pada Kongres Nasional IV Badan Koordinasi Gastroenterologi Anak Indonesia (BKGAI). Medan. 4 – 7 Desember 2010. h.152-59
20. DiLorenzo C, Rasquin A, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams J, Staiano A, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Dalam: Drossman DA, penyunting. Rome III: The functional gastrointestinal disorders. Edisi ke-3. McLean, VA: Degnon Associates, Inc, 2006. h.723-77
21. Nyhan WL. Stool frequency of normal infants in the first week of life. Pediatrics 1952;10:414-25
22. Weaver LT. Bowel habit from birth to old age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1988;7:637-40
23. Loening-Baucke V. Constipation and fecal incontinence. Dalam: Wyllie R, Hyams JS, Kay M, penyunting. Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Edisi ke-4. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier;2011.h.127
24. Southwell BR, King SK, Hutson JM. Chronic constipation in children: organic disorders are a major cause. J Pediatr Child Health 2005;41:1-15 25. Taminiau J, Benninga M. Constipation and encopresis in childhood.
Dalam: Guandalini S, penyunting. Textbook of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. London:Taylor and Francis Group;2004.h.247-51
26. Khan S, Campo J, Bridge JA, Chiappetta LC, Wald A, DiLorenzo C. Long term outcome of functional childhood constipation. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:64-9
27. Lewis LG, Rudolph CD. Practical approach to defecation disorders n children. Pediatr Ann 1997;26:260-268
28. Papadopoulou A, Clayden GS, Booth IW. The clinical value of solid marker transit studies in childhood constipation and soiling. Eur J Pediatr 1994;153:560-4
29. Altaf MA, Sood MR. The nervous system and gastrointestinal function. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:87-95
30. Porter AJ, Wattchow DA, Brookes SJ, Costa M. Projections of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-reactive submucosal neurons in the human colon. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14:1180-7 31. Wattchow DAPA, Brookes SJ, Costa M. The polarity of neurochemically
defined myenteric neurons in the human colon. Gastroenterology 1997;113:497-506
33. Hutson JM, Chow CW, Hurley MR, Uemura S, Wheatley JM, Catto-Smith AG. Deficiency of substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres in children with intractable constipation: a form of intestinal neuronal dysplasia. J Pediatr Child Health 1997;33:187-9
34. Stanton MP, Hengel PT, Southwell BR, Chow CW, Keck J, Hutson JM, et al. Cholinergic transmission to colonic circular muscle of children with slow transit constipation is unimpaired, but transmission via NK2 receptors is lacking. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2003;15:669-78
35. Hemingway DM, Finlay IG. Effect of colectomy on gastric emptying in idiopathic slow-transit constipation. Br J Surg 2000;87:1193-6
36. Pearcy JF, Van Liere EJ. Studies on the visceral nervous system. Am J Physiol 1926;78:64-73
37. Thomson MA. Development anatomy and physiology of the esophagus. Dalam: Wyllie RHJ, penyunting. Pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disease. Edisi pertama. Philadephia: Elsevier 2006.h.277-92
38. Madiyono B, Moeslichan S, Sastroasmoro S, Budiman I, Purwanto SH. Perkiraan besar sampel. Dalam : Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S, penyunting. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta : Sagung Seto, 2008. h. 302-30
39. Aydogdu S, Cakir M, Yuksekkaya HA, Arikan C, Tumgor G, Baran M, et al. Chronic constipation in Turkish children: clinical findings and applicability of classification criteria. The Turkish J of Pediatr 2009;51:146-53
40. Benninga MA, Buller HA, Tytgat GN, Akkermans LM, Bossuyt PM,
Taminiau JA. Colonic transit time in constipated children: does pediatric slow-transit constipation exist? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996;23:241-51
41. Hutson JM, Chow CW, Borg J. Intractable constipation with a decrease in substance P-immunoreactive fibres: is it a variant of intestinal neuronal dysplasia? J Pediatr Surg 1996;31:580-3
42. Hutson JM, Catto Smith T, Gibb S, Chase J, Shin YM, Stanton M, et al. Chronic constipation: no longer stuck characterization of colonic dysmotility as a new disorder in children. J Pediatr Surg 2004:39(6):795-9
43. Shin YM, Southwell BR, Stanton MP, Hudson JM. Signs and symptoms of slow-transit constipation versus functional retention. J Pediatr Surg 2002;37:1762-5
44. Fernandes VPI, Lima MCL, Camargo EE, Collares EF, Bustorff-Silva JM, Lomazi EA. Gastric emptying of water in children with severe functional fecal retention. Brazilian J of Medical and Biological Research 2013;46:293-8
45. Catto-Smith AG. Constipation and toilet training issues in children. Med J Aust 2005;182(5):242-6
46. Soylu OB. Clinical findings of functional and secondary constipation in children. Iran J Pediatr 2013;23(3):353-6
48. Milla P, Cucchiara S, DiLorenzo C, Rivera NM, Rudolph C, Tomomasa T. Motility disorders in childhood: working group report of First World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;35:S187-95
49. Van Ginkel R, Reitsma JB, Buller HA, van Wijk MP, Taminiau JA, Benninga MA. Childhood constipation: longitudinal follow-up beyond puberty. Gastroenterology 2003;125:357-63
50. de Araujo Sant Anna AM, Calcado AC. Constipation in school-aged children at public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29:190-3
51. Iacono G, Merolla R, D’Amico D, Bonci E, Cavataio F, di Prima L, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-basd prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005;37:432-8
52. Uguralp S, Kataoglo L, Karaman A, Demircan M, Yakinci C. Frequency of enuresis, constipation and enuresis associated wit constipation in a group of school children aged 5-9 years in Malatya, Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 2003;33:315-20
53. Bakwin H, Davidson M. Constipation in twins. Am J Dis Child
1971;121:179-81
54. Ip KS, Lee WT, Chan JS, Young BW. A community-based stucy of the prevalence of constipation in young children and the role of dietary fiber. Hong Kong Med J 2005;11:431-6
55. DiLorenzo C, Hillemeier C, Hyman P, Loening-Baucke V, Nurko S, Rosenberg A et al. Manometry studies in children: minimum standards for procedures. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2002;14:411-20
56. Stanton MP, Hutson JM, Simpson D, Oliver MR, Southwell BR, Dinning P, et al. Colonic manometry via appendectomy shows reduced frequency, amplitude and length of propagating sequences in children with slow-transit constipation. J Pediatr Surg 2005;40:1138-45
57. King SK, Catto-Smith AG, Stanton MP, Sutcliffe JR, Simpson D, Cook I, et al. 24-Hour colonic manometry in pediatric slow tansit constipation shows significant reductions in antegrade propagation. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2083-91
58. Hutson JM, Chase JW, Clarke M, King SK, Sutcliffe J, Gibb S, et al. Slow-transit constipation in children: our experience. Peditr Surg Int 2009;25:403-6
59. Reynolds JC, Ouyang A, Lee CA, Baker L, Sunshine AG, Cohen S. Chronic severe constipation: prospective motility studies in 25 consecutive patients. Gastroenterology 1987;92:414-20
60. Van der Sijp JRM, Kamm MA, Nightingale JMD, Britton KE, Granowska M, Mather SJ, et al. Disturbed gastric and small bowel transit in severe idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:837-44
61. Penning C, Gielkens HAJ, Delemarre JBVM, Lamers CBHW, Masclee AAM. Gallbladder motility in severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1999;45:264-8
62. Penning C, Delemarre JBVM, Bemelman WA, Biemond I, Lamers
63. Tack J, Piessevaux H, Coulie B, Caenepeel P, Janssens J. Role of impaired gastric accommodation to a meal in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 1995;109:40-52
64. Yuksel F, Dogan M, Karatas D, Yuce S, Senturk M, Kulahli I. Clinical presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. J Craniofac Surg 2013;24(2):380-3
65. Supriatmo, Sinuhaji AB, Ramayati R, Daulay R Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gejala refluks gastroesofagus pada anak usia
sekolah dasar. Diunduh dari: http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/6286. Diakses: Agustus
2014.
66. Penning C, Vu MK, Delemarre JBVM, Masclee AAM. Proximal gastric motor and sensory function in slow transit constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;12:1267-73
67. Tjeerdsma HC, Smout AJPM, Akkermans LMA. Voluntary suppression of defecation delays gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:832-6
68. Hegar B, Boediarso A, Firmansyah A, Vandenplas Y. Investigation of regurgitation and other symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in Indonesian infants. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:1795-7
69. Bagucka B, Badriul H, Vandemaele K, Troch E, Vandenplas Y. Normal ranges of continuous pH monitoring in the proximal oesophagus. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;31:244-7
