Public Transportation System Towards Sustainable Urban Development in Indonesia

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Efficient Intra and Inter-city

Public Transportation System

Towards Sustainable Urban Development

in Indonesia

DR. Elly Sinaga

Director General for Research and Development Agency,

Ministry of Transportation, Republic of Indonesia

HIGH SPEED TRAIN PROJECT IN INDONESIA

(JAKARTA – SURABAYA CORRIDOR)

HERMANTO DWIATMOKO

Directorate General of Railways

Ministry of Transportation

Republic of Indonesia

Jakarta, 2010

(2)

Indonesia

• Indonesia is

the world's largest archipelagic country

(17,508 large and

small islands).

• DKI Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia

, and is located on the northwest

coast of Java island, forming the main city of Indonesia.

• The

total population of Indonesia 247 million

( 2012 ) of which 58.5% lives in Java,

the world's 4

th

_{most populous country (after China, India and US),}

population growth of 1.2% meaning

every 2 years we build one

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3

-~In 2020 productive ages reaches 70%, dependency ratio will go down significantly in

one decade

Sumber: BPS, World Population Prospect (UN)

Total Population (in

million)

237

263 Male)

119

131 Female

118

132 Productive Ages

(20–55 years)

130 (54%)

180 (68%)

2010

2020

2010

2020

Population Composition

(4)

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City’s Population in Indonesia

Jakarta Surabaya

9,500

Bandung Medan Tangerang Depok Semarang Palembang Bekasi Makassar Tangerang Selatan Bogor Batam Pekanbaruu Malang Denpasar Balikpapan Tasikmalaya Surakarta Manado Mataram Yogyakarta

1 city

3 cities

1 city

15 cities

60 cities

Metropolitan Cities (11) Big Cities (15) Medium Cities (60)

P

op

u

la

ti

on

Nu

m

b

e

rs

(t

h

ou

sa

n

d

p

e

op

le

)

Source: BPS, 2010

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Vehicle Trend by mode (in million, 2000-2012)

Source: Statistic Bureau

4.2 5.1 6.0 6.9 7.5 7.9 8.9 9.5 10.4 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.3 2.9 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 67.3 52.8 3.2

2000

13.6 3.0

2008

61.7 47.7

2007

54.8 42.0 19.0 +14.3%

2012

94.4 76.4

2011

85.6 68.8 3.8

2002

23.0 17.0 3.4

2001

20.9 15.3

2010

76.9 61.1

2009

2006

43.3 32.5 3.4

2005

37.6 28.5

2004

30.5 23.1

2003

26.6 20.0

Motor Cycle

Passanger Car

_Truck

Bus

Total

CAGR (2000-12)

15.49%

10.83%

9.88%

10.77%

14.3%

Motor Cycle

Passanger Car

Truck

Bus

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Urban Transportation Problems

(Jakarta Metropolitan)

• Heavy traffic congestion (average speed around 15kph)

• Low share of public transportation services (16.7%)

• Low commuter rail transport capacity

• High proportion of motorcycle traffic (>70%)

• High rate of road accident

• Air pollution

• High Transportation Cost

• Cost of Health due to pollution impact

but

• Rapid Increase in travel demand

• Steadily decrease in public transport modal

share

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Rapid Increase in Travel Demand

Modal Share

%

Motorcycle

62,9

Private Car

17,4

Public Transport

16,7

Total

100 Tangerang +

Tangerang Selatan

DKI Jakarta

Kota + Kab. Bekasi

Total Travel Demand

Year 2003 arround 37,3 million/day*

Year 2010 arround 59 million/day**

58

%

Source : * JICA 2003; URDI 2011 **JAPTraTis, 2011; Ditjen Perhubungan Darat, Kementerian Perhubungan, 2010

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Jakarta MRT Development

No

Intra and Intercity Railway development

Line Length

Target Year of

_Operation

1 MRT Jakarta Stage I

15,1 km

2016

2 Monorel Jakarta (Green Line)

14,3 km

2016

3 Jakarta airport rail

33 km

2015

4 Double Track Cirebon - Surabaya

280 km

2014

5 Bandung Urban Railway

42 km

2016

6 Surabaya Urban Raiway

42 km

2015

7 Jakarta Commuter upgrade

152 km

2014

8 Bandar Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung North Sumatra rail

28,5 km

2014

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Intercity

Public Transportation plan & implementation

(Case Study : Java Island)

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• High travel demand on East - West corridor

• City, town, and other

trip generators are growing rapidly

along side of roads

• High rate of traffic accident

• Low journey speed for road transport

• High proportion of truck along Northern Java Corridor (in

some part >90%)

• Overweight and over dimensional trucks  Road damage

• Low modal share of Railway Transport ( for passenger 6%)

• Frequent railway level crossing  disturbing urban traffic

+ accident

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12

-Sumber: State of Logistic Indonesia 2013

IN

D

27%

VI

E

25%

CH

N

18%

KO

R

16%

MA

L

13%

SG

P

8%

JP

N

11%

US

A

10%

TH

A

20%

Logistic Cost as % of GDP

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13

Steel Industrial Area, Petrokimia Industrial Area Petrokimia Food Industrial Complex

Shipyard

(the biggest one in Indonesia)

Metropolitan Jakarta

Metropolitan Surabaya

Multi modes Transport Development in Java Corridor

1. Toll Road :

Build by-pass and toll road along Northern Java Corridor --->

Intercity Bus

Services do not need to pass through city center or other urbanized areas

2. Railway :

1. Double track Railway line to improve railway capacity

2. High Speed Train

3. Elevated crossing to reduce travel time and accident at level crossing

3. Maritime:

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BANDUNG Jawa Barat JAKARTA SERANG SURABAYA SEMARANG DKI Banten Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur YOGYAKARTADIY Merak Bogor Sukabumi Cikampek Padalarang Cirebon Banjar Kroya Tegal Purwokerto Pekalongan Solo Madiun Kertosono Blitar Malang Bangil Sidoarjo Bojonegoro Jember Banyuwangi Bojonegoro Gambringan Bojonegoro Gundih Prupuk Kutoarjo BANDUNG Jawa Barat JAKARTA SERANG SURABAYA SEMARANG DKI Banten Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur YOGYAKARTADIY Merak Bogor Sukabumi Cikampek Padalarang Cirebon Banjar Kroya Tegal Purwokerto Pekalongan Solo Madiun Kertosono Blitar Malang Bangil Sidoarjo Bojonegoro Jember Banyuwangi Bojonegoro Gambringan Bojonegoro Gundih Prupuk Kutoarjo

JAKARTA CIREBON SURABAYA

TEGAL

PEKALONGAN SEMARANG BOJONEGORO BREBES BEKASI BABAT JERAKAH SEMARANG PONCOL

Status April 22, 2014

TOBO Underconstruction Operated 201 Km 72 Km 68 Km 18 Km 63 Km 35 Km 6 Km 2 Km 52,5 Km 29,5 Km

Operated March 2014

659 km

Under Construction

68 km

TOTAL

727 km

2.1) Construction Of Double Tracking Of North Java Corridors

WADU UJUNG NEGORO WELERI 15 Km 34 Km 33 Km JAMBON 73,5 Km 24,5 Km 15

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CIREBON _SURABAYA KROYA KUTOARJO YOGYAKARTA SOLO MADIUN 56 km 76 km 123 km 71 km 69 km PRUPUK PURWOKERTO 74 km 28 km PARON KERTOSONO 26 km 97 km BANDUNG Jawa Barat JAKARTA SERANG SURABAYA SEMARANG DKI Banten Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur YOGYAKARTADIY Merak Bogor Sukabumi Cikampek Padalarang Cirebon Banjar Kroya Tegal Purwokerto Pekalongan Solo Madiun Kertosono Blitar Malang Bangil Sidoarjo Bojonegoro Jember Banyuwangi Bojonegoro Gambringan Bojonegoro Gundih Prupuk Kutoarjo BANDUNG Jawa Barat JAKARTA SERANG SURABAYA SEMARANG DKI Banten Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur YOGYAKARTADIY Merak Bogor Sukabumi Cikampek Padalarang Cirebon Banjar Kroya Tegal Purwokerto Pekalongan Solo Madiun Kertosono Blitar Malang Bangil Sidoarjo Bojonegoro Jember Banyuwangi Bojonegoro Gambringan Bojonegoro Gundih Prupuk Kutoarjo

JALUR GANDA LINTAS SELATAN JAWA (CIREBON – YOGYAKARTA – SURABAYA): 620 km

Solo - Madiun Kutoarjo Yogya -Solo Purwokerto Kroya -Kutoarjo Cirebon - Prupuk Prupuk-Purwokerto Ponorogo Slahung Ponorogo Slahung Operated 179 km Underconstruction 74 km Plan 367 km

620 km

BANDUNG JawaBarat JAKARTA SERANG SURABAYA SEMARANG DKI Banten

JawaTengah JawaTimur

YOGYAKARTADIY Merak Bogor Sukabumi Cikampek Padalarang Cirebon Banjar Kroya Tegal Purwokerto Pekalongan Solo Madiun Kertosono Blitar Malang Bangil Sidoarjo Bojonegoro Jember Banyuwangi Bojonegoro Gambringan Bojonegoro Gundih Prupuk Kutoarjo BANDUNG JawaBarat JAKARTA SERANG SURABAYA SEMARANG DKI Banten

YOGYAKARTADIY Merak Bogor Sukabumi Cikampek Padalarang Cirebon Banjar Kroya Tegal Purwokerto Pekalongan Solo Madiun Kertosono Blitar Malang Bangil Sidoarjo Bojonegoro Jember Banyuwangi Bojonegoro Gambringan Bojonegoro Gundih Prupuk Kutoarjo Madiun -Surabaya

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High Speed Train project in Indonesia for Jakarta – Surabaya

Corridor, approximately 685 km.

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Passenger Transport fuel saving

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020) M o d al S h are

Passanger Transport

Modal Share Projection

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane High Speed Train Conventional Railway/ Double Track Intercity Bus 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DN 2020 DS 2020 (% )

Fuel Saving

Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020

Airplane High Speed Train Conventional Railway/ Double Track

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Freight Transport fuel saving

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020) M o d al S h are

Freight Transport

Modal Share Projection

Airplane High Speed Train Short Sea Shipping Conventional Railway/ Double Track Truck 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DN 2020 DS 2020 (% )

Fuel Saving

Freight Transport Strategy in 2020

Airplane High Speed Train Short Sea Shipping Conventional Railway/ Double Track

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CO

₂

Reduction multi modes strategy

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DN 2020 DS 2020 (% )

CO

₂

Reduction

Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020

Airplane High Speed Train Conventional Railway/ Double Track Intercity Bus 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DN 2020 DS 2020 (% )