ABS TRACT
Lubis, Maysyaroh. Reg. No 208222043. S peech Functions in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Novel. A Thesis, English Department Faculty of Language and Arts, S tate University of Medan, 2012.
This study deals w ith the analysis of speech functions in Alice’s Adventures In Wond erland Novel. The objectives of the study are to f ind out the types of speech f unctions used in Alice’ utterances, to f ind out th e most dominantly used in Alice’s ut terances and to explain w hat is the implication of the do minant mean used by Alice. The met hod of the study is descriptive qualitat ive met hod. The data are taken f rom Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Novel. The data are analyzed and classified into f our types of speech f unctions in the procedures name ly statement, question, of f er and command. There are 419 clauses representing speech f unctions. The f indings indicate f rom the f our types of speech f unctions taken from Alice’s utterances they are statement are 305 utterances (72.80%), question are 83 utt erances (19.81%), off er are 4 (0.95%) and command are 27 (6.44%). Stat e ment is proved as the most do minant used by Alice. Alice is more likely use stateme nt rather tha n other types of speech f unctions implies that mostly specif y giving inf ormation by stating in speech because she is in the wonderland so that she used some state ments to express her f eeling w henever she w as in w onderland.
CHAPTER I
and asking information, communication itself divided into two forms: spoken and written
communication, spoken communication means the p rocess of exp ressing ideas which is done
orally , and written communication is done in written form, usually find in letter, novel,
magazine, etc.
When exchan gin g and exp ressing the ideas, the human bein g p erform two roles namely
giv ing and demandin g, the commod ity may be information and goods or services. In sy stemic
functional lin guistic, it named sp eech function, speech fun ction is a way of someone delivers the
ideas in commun ication to make the listener understand the ideas well. Sp eech function itself
divided into four kinds: statement, question, command and offer (Halliday , 1994:69). In mood
system, the kinds of sp eech function above r ealized by declar ative, interrogative and imp erative,
offer function is coded by any one of the three moods.
The sp oken communication is usually rep resented by utterances. In every utterances p eop le
used to talk containin g grammatical structure and words. In every word, p hrase or sentence is
alway s p erform the different function and misunderstanding will o ccur if the listener does not
notice what kind of function uses by the sp eaker.
Then y ou keep moving round, I sup p ose?
so difficult to notice because the listener or reader would know the function by its meaning.
Sy stemic Functional Lin guistics is theory centered on a notion of language
function. It is concerned with the realization between language and context, interp ersonal
meanin g in text. (Hallid ay, 1994:608). Based on theory of SFL, lan guage is used by p eop le to
fulfill the function of language as interpersonal meanin g. Interp ersonal mean in g con cern the
sp eaker’s role in the sp eech function.
Sp eech function is an exchan ge commun ication between sp eaker and listener
where the sp eaker adop ts a sp eech functional role and assigns the addressee a complementary
role. There are four typ es of sp eech function; they are statement, question, offer, and command
(Halliday , 1994:69).
The communicative act or verbal communication is usually rep resented by the utterances. In
attempting to exp ress themselves, p eop le p roduce utterances containing grammatical structures
and words. It shows that every word, phrases or a sentence that is human uttered p erform
different form and if the hearer cannot get the intention of every utterance, it will lead a
The study that used speech function theory is in SMS Broadcast on Flexi (Siti Utami, 2007).
The writer focuses in SM S Broad cast on Flexi that want to know how the act of commun ication
between comp any and their customer by using SM S Broadcast. What the sp eech functional role
and commod ity exchan ge that comp any use. After the analy zing the data, the writer found that
there are some sp eech functions and the dominant sp eech function that used in SM S Broadcast
on Flexi is command.
Another The study used Sp eech Function theory is in Advertising Texts (Ayu
Wandia, 2007). In adv ertising text, the writer focuses on adv ertising text that aimed to ch ange
the human thinking about advertisement is not only to p romote the p roduct but also give
information. After the analyzing the data, the writer found that there are some sp eech functions
in advertising text and the domin ant sp eech function that used in advertising text is offer.
From the examp les above, the writer wants to give the deep ly exp lanation about sp eech
functions which contain of two parts they are givin g and demandin g which are the essence of
communication must be noticed well to avoid misunderstandings occur towards the speaker and
the listener. When the sp eaker utters something throu gh question, he/she is actually requirin g the
listener to receive it. While requ irin g to give infor mation when he/she utters something through
command or offer. The writer aware this issue so that she wants to analyze the sp eech functions
of novel utterances. In case there ar e some resear ch throu gh this theory and found some
conclusions, for the examp les in hy p nosis utterances tent to use question as the highest
p roportion because the hypnotist ask some question to get the information as much as p ossible
(Anggrain i: 2011). Another research found that the highest p roportion in comic is statement. By
this study , the writer will exp lain the form of utterances used by Alice on Alice’s Adventures In
she is interested to the story , p lot and also the setting moreover the readers will be curious to its
fantastical story and find the revelation in the end of story . In case Alice was in the wonderland
then she found many things op p osite to her real life that was something weird so that she used to
talking to exp ress her feelin gs. Besides this novel can be r ead by whole ages, it is no lon ger r ead
by children, its charm and imaginative story can survive for the adult reader. Through sp eech
functions used by the main character in this novel, p eop le can analy ze the form of utterances and
app ly it in their daily communication. Based on the p revious exp lanation, the writer would like
to do study on sp eech functions in Alice’s direct sp eech in Alice’s Adventures in Wonder land
Novel.
B. The Problems of The Study
The Problems of The Study are:
a. What types of speech functions are used in Alice’s utterances?
b. What types of speech functions are most dominantly used in Alice’s utterances?
c. What does the dominant mean used in Alice’s utterances?
C. The S cope of The S tudy
The study analyzes the typ es of speech functions in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
Novel. There are four primary sp eech functions, they are: statement, question, offer and
command. The writer uses M .A.K. Halliday ’s theory to identify sp eech functions that are found
on Alice’s dialo gue in Alice’s Adventures in Wonder land Novel.
D. The Objectives of The S tudy
Related to the p roblems of the study formulated above, the objectives of the study are as
follows:
b. To find out the most dominant typ es of sp eech functions that is used in Alice’s utterances.
c. To exp lain why the dominant used by Alice.
E. The Significances of The Study
The finding of the study is expected useful for:
a. The readers who want to know about sp eech functions and how they are used in nov el
utterances.
b. Students of English department p articularly to imp rove their knowledge of sp eech functions.
c. Researchers who want to deepen their knowledge and to conduct further studies about sp eech
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIO N
A. Conclusions
After analy zing the used of speech functions in the Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Novel,
the conclusion can be drawn as follows:
case Alice found herself in the unusual cond itions. Many things happ ened toward her durin g
the adventures in wonderland so that she used to statements to exp ress her feeling.
B. Suggestions
Referring to the result of this research, there are some su ggestions as follow:
1) The further researchers who want to analy ze the sp eech functions in novel can use this
research as their reference
2) The students of English dep artment who are interested to deepen their knowledge about
Sp eech Functions can use this research to enrich their knowled ge.
3) The readers can use this research to get know how to use Sp eech Functions in their daily
4) Those who are interested in analy zing novel are suggested to enlar ge their knowledge
REF ERENCES
Grolier, A. 1992. New Webster’s Dictionary. Connecticut: Grolier Inc.
Hasibuan. Anwar. Speech Functions in Detective Conan Comic. Medan: Universitas Negeri M edan
Halliday , M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Fun ctiona l Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Hornby , A.S. 2000. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
M artin, J.R. 1992. English Text “System and Structure”. Amsterdam: University of Sy dney .
