• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Perbandingan Karakteristik Distribusi Butiran Hujan yang Berasal dari Awan Laut dan Awan Darat di Kototabang

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Perbandingan Karakteristik Distribusi Butiran Hujan yang Berasal dari Awan Laut dan Awan Darat di Kototabang"

Copied!
5
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

36

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Adewale, O. P., 2006, Rain Rate and Rain Drop Size Distribution Models for Line-Of-Sight Millimetric System in South Africa, Thesis, University of Kwazulu, Natal.

Atlas, D., Srivastava, R. C., dan Selkhon, R. S., 1973, Dopler Radar Characteristics of Precipitation at Vertical Incidence, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, Vol. 11, No. 1, hal. 1 – 35.

Black, R. A. dan Hallett, J., 1986, Observations of The Distribution of Ice in Hurricanes, Journal Atmospheric Science, Vol. 43, Hal. 802- 822.

Bradley, S. G. dan Stow C. D., 1974, The Measurement of Charge and Size of Raindrops: Part II, Results and Analysis at Ground Level. Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 13, Hal. 131 - 147.

Bringi, V. N., Chandrasekar, V., dan Hubbert, J., 2003, Raindrop Size Distribution in Different Climatic Regimes from Disdrometer and Dual-Polarized Radar Analysis, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 60, No. 2, hal. 354 – 365.

Coppens, D. dan Haddad, Z. S., 2000, Effect of Raindrop Size Distribution Variations on Microwave Brightness Temperature Calculation, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. 19, hal. 483 – 489.

Deirmendjian, D., 1969, Electromagnetic Scattering on Spherical Polydispersions, Elsevier, Vol. 290 pp.

Feingold, G. dan Levin, Z., 1986, The Lognormal Fit to Raindrop Spectra from Frontal Convective Clouds in Israel, Journal of Climate and Applied Metereology, Vol. 25, hal. 1346 – 1363.

Fukao, S., 2006, Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere (CPEA): A Project Overview, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 84A, hal. 1 – 18.

Gunn, R. dan Kinzer, G. D., 1949, The Terminal Velocity of Fall for Water Droplets In Stagnant Air, Journal Of Meteorology, Vol. 6, hal. 243 – 248. Harikumar, R., 2009, Study on Tropical Rain With Special Reference to Rain

(2)

37

Drop Size Distribution and Integral Rain Parameters Using Ground-Based and Satellite Measurements, Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India.

Hosking, J. R. M. dan Wallis, J. R., 1997, Regional Frequency Analysis: An Approach Based on L-Moments, Cambridge University Press, United Stated America

Hudson, J.G. dan Yum, S.S., 2001, Maritime–Continental Drizzle Contrasts in Small Cumuli, Journal Atmospheric Science, Vol. 58, No. 8, hal. 915–926. Lakitan, B., 1994, Dasar – dasar Klimatologi, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. Lam, H. Y., Din, J., dan Jong, S. L., 2014, Statistical and Physical Descriptions of

Raindrop Size Distributions in Equatiorial Malaysia from Disdrometer Observations, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advance in Meteorology, Article ID 253730, Hal. 1 – 15.

Laws, J. O. dan Parsons, D. A., 1943, The Relation of Raindrop – Size to Intensity, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, Vol. 24, Hal. 452- 460.

Levin, L. M., 1954, On The Size Distribution Function For Cloud Droplets and Raindrops, Dokl. Alad. Nauk. SSSR, Vol. 94, Hal. 1045- 1053.

Jameson, A. R. dan Kostinski, A. B., 2001, What is a Raindrop Size Distribution, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, Vol. 82, No. 6, hal. 1169-1177.

Kawashima, M., Fujiyoshi, Y., dan Ohi, M., Overview of Doppler Radar Observations of Precipitating Cloud Systems in Sumatera Island During the First CPEA Campaign, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 84A, Hal. 33 – 56.

Kozu, T. dan Nakamura, K., 1991, Rainfall Parameter Estimation from Dual Radar Measurements Combining Reflectivity Profile and Path-Integrated Attenuation, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 8, hal. 259 – 271.

Kozu, T., Reddy, K. K., Mori, S., Thurai, M., Ong, J. T., Rao, D. N., dan Shimomai, T., 2006, Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Raindrop Size Distribution in Asian Monsoon Region, Journal of the Meteorology Society of Japan, Vol. 84A, hal. 195 – 209.

(3)

38

Kozu, T., Shimomai, T., Akramin, Z., Marzuki, Shibagaki, Y., dan Hashiguchi H., 2005, Intraseasonal Variation of Raindrop Size Distribution at Koto Tabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Hal. 1 – 4.

Kruger, A. dan Krajewski, 2001, W. F., Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer: A Description, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 19, Hal. 602 – 617.

Maitra, R. dan Barros, A. P., 2004, Estimation of Latent Heating of Rainfall During The Onset of The Indian Monsoon Using TRMM PR and Radiosonde Data, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 43, hal. 328 – 349.

Mallet, C. dan Barthes, L., 2009, Estimation of Gamma Raindrop Size Distribution Parameters: Statistical Fluctuations and Estimation Errors, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 26, No. 8, Hal. 1572 – 1584.

Markowitz, A. H., 1976, Raindrop Size Distribution Expressions, Journal Applied Meteorology, Vol. 15, Hal. 1029-1031.

Marshall, J. S. dan Palmer, W. M., 1948, The Distribution of Raindrops with Size, Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 5, hal. 165 – 166.

Marzuki, Kozu, T., Shimomai, T., Hashiguchi, H., Randeu, W. L., dan Shibagaki, Y., 2009, Diurnal variation of rain attenuation obtained from measurement of raindrop size distribution in equatorial Indonesia, IEEE Trans. Ant. Propag., Vol. 57, Hal. 1191-1196.

Marzuki, Kozu, T., Shimomai, T, Hashiguchi, H., Randeu, W. L., dan Vonnisa, M., 2010, Raindrop Size Distribution of Convective Rain over Equatorial Indonesia During the First CPEA Campaign, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 96 hal. 645 – 655.

Marzuki, M., Hashiguchi, H., Yamamoto, M. K., Mori, S., and Yamanaka, M. D., 2013, Regional Variability of Raindrop Size Distribution Over Indonesia, Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 31, Hal. 1941-1948.

Marzuki, Randeu, W. L., Kozu, T., Shimomai, T., Hashiguchi, H., dan Schoenhuber, M., 2013, Raindrop Axis Ratios, Fall Velocities and Size Distribution Over Sumatra From 2D – Video Disdrometer

(4)

39

Measurement, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 119, Hal. 23-37.

Mori, S., Hamada, J. I., Tauhid, Y. I., dan Yamanaka, M. D., 2004, Diurnal Land Sea Rainfall Peak Migration over Sumatra Island, Indonesian Maritime Continent, Observed by TRMM Satellite and Intensive Rawinsonde Soundings, Mothly Weather Review, Vol. 132, hal. 2021 – 2039.

Mueller, E. A., and Sims, A. L., 1966, Radar Cross Sections From Drop Size Spectra. Tech. Rep. ECOM- 00032- F. Contract DA- 28- 043 AMC - 00032(E) Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, 110 pp.

Orville, R. E. dan Henderson R. W., 1986, Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978, Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 114, No. 12, Hal. 2640–2653.

Owolawi, P., 2011, Raindrop Size Distribution Model for the Prediction of Rain Attenuation in Durban, PIERS Online, Vol. 7, No. 6, hal. 516 – 523.

Rogers, R. R. dan Yau, M. K., 1996, A Short Cours in Cloud Physics, Edisi ketiga, Butterworth Heineman, Burlungton, MA.

Rosenfeld, D. dan Lensky, I.M., 1998, Satellite-Based Insights into Precipitation Formation Processes in Continental and Maritime Convective Clouds, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, Vol. 9, No. 11, hal. 2457-2466.

Rosenfeld, D. dan Ulbrich, C.W., 2003, Cloud Microphysical Properties, Processes, and Rainfall Estimation Opportunities, Meteorological Monographs, Vol. 52, hal. 237 – 258.

Sekhon R. S., dan Srivastava, R. C., 1971, Doppler Radar Observation of Drop-Size Distributions in a Thunderstorm, Journal of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 10, hal. 710 – 717.

.

Smith, P. L., 1982, On the Graphical Presentation of Raindrop Size Data. Journal Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 20, hal. 4 – 16.

Spilhaus, A. F., 1948, Drop Size, Intensity and Radar Echo of Rain, Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 5, hal. 161 – 164.

Tenorio, R.S., Moraes, M.C.D.S., dan Sauvageot, H., 2012, Raindrop Size Distribution and Radar Parameters in Coastal Tropical Rain Systems of

(5)

40

Northeastern Brazil, Journal of Applied Meteorological and Climatology, Vol. 51, hal. 1960-1970.

Tokay, A. dan Short, D. A., 1996, Evidence from Tropical Raindrop Spectra of the Origin of Rain from Statiform Versus Convective Clouds, Journal Applied Meteorology, Vol. 35, hal 355 – 371.

Ulaby, F. T., Moore, R. K., dan Dobson, M. C., 1983, Effects of Vegetation Cover on the Microwave Radiometric Sensitivity to Soil Moisture, IEEE Transaction Geoscience Remote Sensing, Vol. 21, hal. 21 – 61.

Ulbrich, C. W. dan Atlas, D., 1984, Assesment of The Contribution of Differential Polarization to Improved Rainfall Measurement, Radio Science, Vol. 19, hal. 49 – 57.

Ulbrich, C. W., 1983, Natural Variations in the Analytical Form of the Raindrop Size Distribution, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, Vol. 22, hal. 1764 – 1775.

Waldvogel, A., 1974, The Jump of Raindrop Spectra, Journal of Atmospheric Society, Vol. 31, hal. 1067 – 1078.

Willis, P. T., 1984, Functional Fits to Some Observed Drop Size Distributions and Parameterization of Rain, Journal Atmosphere Science, Vol. 41, Hal. 1648- 1661.

Zipser, E.J. dan LeMone M.A., 1980: Cumulonimbus Vertical Velocity Events in GATE. Part II: Synthesis and Model Core Structure, Journal Atmosphere Science, Vol. 37, Hal. 2458- 2469.

Zipser, E.J. dan Lutz, K. R., 1994: The Vertical Profile of Radar Reflectivity of Convective Cells : A Strong Indicator of Storm Intensity and Lightning Probability, Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 122, No. 8, Hal. 1751-1759.

http://pmm.nasa.gov/education/sites/default/files/article_images/rain-drop-shape-diagram_1.gif. Dikutip tanggal 12 April 2016 pukul 13.30 WIB

https://www.shodor.org/os411/courses/411c/module07/unit03/images/collision.gi f. Dikutip tanggal 12 April 2016 pukul 15.00 WIB

http://snowbrains.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/Types_of_Clouds_9.png. Dikutip tanggal 14 April 2016 pukul 14.00 WIB

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Pengaruh pelatihan manajemen konflik pada kepala ruangan terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana di ruang rawat inap RS dr.. H Marzuki Mahdi Bogor, Jakarta, FIK

Hal ini karena konstruksi sisi permintaan yang selalu sulit untuk ditangani dalam teori ekonomi dan yang selama ini kita abaikan – perbedaan rasa.Manajer, bagaimanapun juga, tidak

Lima sendi utama penyusun Pancasila adalah Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, persatuan Indonesia, kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan

Pragmatic aspects of humor discourse at higher education of Indonesia. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Hal yang perlu di evaluasi dalam pelaksanaan misi Sambari – Qosim yaitu terkait dengan ; (1) Peningkatan Pelayanan Publik, (2) Pertumbuhan dan Pemerataan Ekonomi, (3)

pemecahan masalah dengan konsep torsi, momen inersia, titik berat, dan momentum sudut pada benda tegar (statis dan dinamis) dalam kehidupan sehari-

Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi meneliti kelengkapan administratif dan keabsahan bukti fisik yang diusulkan oleh Kepala Sekolah seperti tersebut pada angka 3 (tiga) dan

Atas penghasilan yang diterima atau diperoleh pegawai tidak tetap atau tenaga kerja lepas berupa upah harian, upah mingguan, upah satuan, upah borongan, dan uang saku