• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

DAFTAR PUSTAKA. Boucias DG, Pendland JC Principles of Insect Pathology. Boston: Kluwer Academic.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "DAFTAR PUSTAKA. Boucias DG, Pendland JC Principles of Insect Pathology. Boston: Kluwer Academic."

Copied!
12
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abebe H. 2002. Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of

Macrotermes subhyalinus (Isoptera: Termitidae). [Dissertation]. Äthiopien:

Universität Hannover.

Adams JB, Nguyen KB. 2002. Taxonomy and Systematics. Di dalam: Gaugler R, editor. Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallingford: CABI. hlm 1-33. AlcazarJ, CisnerosF, Morales A. 1996. Large-Scale Implementation of IPM for

sweetpotato weevil in Cuba: a collaborative effort. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.cipotato.org/publications/program_reports/95_96/program4/prog ram45.asp. [20 Feb 2008]

[AVRDC] Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center. 2004. Integrated pest management of sweet potato weevil. http://www.avrdc.org/LC/sweet-potato/weevil.htm. [20 Feb 2008).

Bari D. 2006. Keefektifan Beberapa Isolat Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria

bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Terhadap hama Boleng Cylas formicarius

Fabr. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) di Laboratorium. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Bednarek A, Popowska-Nowak E, Pezowicz E, Kamionek M. 2004. Integrated methods in pest control: effect of Insecticides on entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill., B. brongniartii (Sacc.)) and nematodes (Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, Jackson, Klein, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, S. glaseri Steiner). Pol J Ecol 52: 223-228.

Boucias DG, Pendland JC. 1998. Principles of Insect Pathology. Boston: Kluwer Academic.

Bunga JA. 2004. Eksplorasi Nematoda Entomopatogen dari Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur dan Pengujian Keefektifannya terhadap Cylas formicarius Fabr. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). [Tesis]. Bogor: Program pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Boror DJ, Triplehorn CA, Johnson NF. 1996. Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga. Partosoedjono S, Brotowidjoyo MD, penerjemah; Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Pr. Terjemahan dari: An Introduction to The Study of Insects. Bruck DJ, Lewis LC. 2000. Rainfall and crop residue effects on soil dispersion

and Beauveria bassiana spread to corn. Agric ecosyst environ Appl soil ecol. 20: 183-190.

Burnell AM, Stock SP. 2000. Heterorhabditis, Steinernema and their bacterial symbionts-lethal pathogens of insects. Nematology 2:31-42.

(2)

[CABI] Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. 2007. CABI Bioscience Database: Dictionary of Fungi. [terhubung berkala]. http://www. speciesfungorum.org/Names/fundic.asp [23 Feb 2009].

Campbell JF, Lewis EE, Stock SP, Nadler S, Kaya HK. 2003. Evolution of host search strategies in entomopathogenic nematodes. J. Nematol. 35:142-145. Capinera JL. 2003. Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius).

Gainesvile: IFAS University of Florida.

Dropkin VH. 1996. Pengantar Nematologi Tumbuhan. Supratoyo, penerjemah; Mulyadi, editor. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Pr. Terjemahan dari:

Introduction to Plant Nematology.

[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2004. FAO Statistic Year Production. [terhubung berkala] http:// www.fao. org [10 Maret 2008].

Filho AB, Almeida JEM, Lamas C. 2001. Effect of thiamethoxam on entomo-pathogenic microorganisms. Neotrop Entomol 30: 437-447.

Glazer I, Golberg A. 1993. Field efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the beetle Maladera matrida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Biocontr Sci Tech 3: 367-376 [terhubung berkala]. www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~ content=a902525037~db=all~order=page (21 Nop 2008)

Glazer I, Eliyau M, Salamel L, Nakash Y, Blumberg . 2007. Evaluation of the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. against sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Biomed Life Sci 52: 259-270.

Gomez K.A, Gomez A.A. 1995. Prosedur Statistik Untuk Penelitian Pertanian. Sjamsuddin E dan Baharsyah JS, penerjemah. UI Pr. Terjemahan dari

Statistical Procedure for Agricultural research.

Gottwald TR, Tedders WL. 1984. Colonization, transmission, and longevity of

Beauveria bassiana and Metharizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina:

Hyphomycetes) on pecan weevil larvae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in soil.

Environ Entomol 13:557-560

Grewal PS, De Nardo EAB and Aguillera MM. 2001. Entomopathogenic nematodes: potential for exploration and use in south america. Neotrop

Entomol. 30: 191-205.

Hazir S, Kaya HK, Stock SP, Keskün N. 2004. Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for biological control of soil pests.

(3)

36 Hafez M, Zaki FN, Moursy A, Sabbour M. 1994. Biological effects of the

entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana on the potato tuber moth

Phthorimaea operculella (Seller). J Islamic Acad Sci 7: 211-214.

Hwang, J.S. 2000. Integrated control of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fabricius, with sex pheromone and insecticide. Council of Agriculture, Taiwan. [terhubung berkala] http://www.agnet.org/library/article/eb494. htm. [20 Okt 2007].

Inglis GD, Goettel MS, Butt TM, Strasser H. 2001. Use of Hypomycetous fungi for managing insect pests. Di dalam: Butt TM, Jackson CW, Magan N, editor. Fungi as Biocontrol Agent: Progress, Problems and Potential.Wallingford: CABI. hlm 23-69.

Inglis GD, Ivie TJ, Duke GM, Goetel MS. 2000. Influence of rain and conidial formulation on persistence of Beauveria bassiana on potato leaves and Colorado potato beetle larva. Biol Contr 18: 55-64.

[IPM CRSP] Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program. 2003. Integrated pest management of major pests affecting sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas, in the Carribean. Di dalam: Tenth Annual

Report of The Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program; Blackburg, 29 Sept 2002-28 Sept 2003. Virginia: IPM CRSP. hlm

127-147. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp/communica-tions/anrepts/anrep02/Carribean/Carribean_topic3.pdf [21 Nop 2008].

Jansson RK, Lecrone SH, Gaugler RR, Smart GC. 1990. Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of sweet potato weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Econ Entomol 83: 1818-1826.

Kalshoven LGE. 1981. The Pests of Crops in Indonesia. Laan PA van der, penerjemah. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoeve. Terjemahan dari: De Plagen

van de Cultuurgewassen in Indonesie.

Kawamura K, Sugimoto T, Kakutani K, Matsuda Y, Toyoda H. 2007. Genetic variation of sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), in main infested areas in the world based upon the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region. Appl Entomol Zool 42: 89–96.

Kaya HK, Stock SP. 1997. Techniques in Insect Nematology. Di dalam: Lacey LA, editor. Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology. San Diego: Academic Pr. hlm 281-324.

Komi K. 2000. Eradication of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fabricius from Muroto City, Kochi, Japan. 5 hlm. [terhubung berkala]. http:// www.agnet.org/library/article/eb4936.html.

(4)

Lawrence JF, Britton EB. 1991. Coleoptera. Di dalam: CSIRO, editor. The Insects

of Australia, a text book for students and research workers. Victoria:

Melbourne University Pr. hlm 543-683.

Lecuona RE, Edelstein JD, Berretta MF, La Rossa FR and Arcas JA. 2001. Evaluation of Beauveria Bassiana (Hyphomycetes) strains as potential agents for control of Triatoma Infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med

Entomol 38: 172-179.

Lewis EE. 2000. Behavioural Ecology. Di dalam: Gaugler R, editor.

Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallingford: CABI. hlm 205-223.

Lewis EE, Campbell J, Griffin C, Kaya H, Peters A. 2006. Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biol Contr 38: 66-79.

Lord JC. 2001. Desiccant dusts synergize the effect of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) on stored-grain beetles. J Econ Entomol 94: 367-372.

Mannion CM, Jansson RK. 1992. Comparison of ten entomopathogenic nematodes for control of sweetpotato weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae). J.

Econ Entomol 85: 1642-1650.

Murad AM, Laumann RA, Mehta A, Noronha EF, Franco OL. 2007. Screening and secretomic analysis of enthomopatogenic Beauveria bassiana isolates in response to cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) exoskeleton. Comp

Biochem Physiol 145: 333–338.

Neves PMOJ, Hirose E, Tchujo PT, Moino A. 2001. Compatibility of entomo-pathogenic fungi with neonicotinoid insecticides. Neotrop Entomol 30: 263-268.

Nonci N. 2005. Bioekologi dan pengendalian kumbang Cylas formicarius Fabricus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Litbang Pert 24: 63-69.

Prayogo Y. 2006. Upaya mempertahankan keefektifan cendawan entomopatogen untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman. J Litbang Pert 25: 47-54.

Ramos-Rodriguez A, Campbell JF, Lewis EE, Shapiro-Ilan DI, Ramaswamy SB. 2007. Dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. J Invert Pathol 94: 64-69.

Roy HE, Steinkraus DC, Eilenberg J, Hajek AE, Pell JK. 2006. Bizarre interac-tions and endgames: Entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts.

(5)

38 Saleh N, Hartojo K. 2003. Present status and future research in sweetpotato in

Indonesia. Di dalam: Fuglie KO, editor. Progress in Potato and

Sweet-potato Research in Indonesia. Proceedings of the CIP-Indonesia Research Review Workshop; Bogor, 26-27 Mar 2002. Bogor: International Potato

Center (CIP). hlm 129-147. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.eseap.cipotato. org/MF-ESEAP/Publications/PSP-2003/14-Nasir-Status%20&%20Future% 20SP.pdf (30 Des 2008)

Santoso, T. 1993. Dasar-dasar patologi serangga. Di dalam: Simposium Patologi

Serangga I. Prosiding Makalah Simposium Patologi Serangga I. Yogyakarta, 12-13 Oktober 1993. Yogyakarta: Persatuan Entomologi

Indonesia Cabang Yogyakarta. hlm 1-15.

Sarwono B. 2005. Ubi Jalar: Cara budidaya yang tepat, efisisien dan ekonomis. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.

Sato K, Uritani I, Saito T. 1982. Properties of terpene-inducing factor extaracted from adults of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fabricius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). Appl Entomol Zool 17: 368-374.

Shapiro-Ilan D, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos JA, Lewis EE, Tedders WL. 2008. Effects of host nutrition on virulence and fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes: Lipid- and protein-based supplements in Tenebrio molitor diets.

J Nematol 40: 13-19.

Sheeba G, Seshadri S, Raja N, Janarthanan S, Ignacimuthu S . 2001. Efficacy of

Beauveria bassiana for control of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.)

(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Appl Entomol Zool 36: 117–120.

Shimazu M, Maehara N, Sato H. 2002. Density dynamics of the entomopathoge-nic fungus, Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin (Deuteromycotina: Hypho-mycetes) introduced into forest soil, and its influence on other soil microorganisms. Appl Entomol Zool 37: 263-269.

Spence KO, Lewis EE, Perry NR. 2008. Host-finding and invasion by entomopathogenic and plant-parasitic nematodes: evaluating the ability of laboratory bioassays to predict field results. J Nematol 40(2): 93-98.

Tanada Y, Kaya HK. 1993. Insect Pathology. San Diego: Academic Pr.

Timper P, Davies KG. 2004. Biotic Interaction. Di dalam: Gaugler R, Bilgrami AL, editor. Nematode Behaviour. Wallingford: CABI. hlm 277- 307.

Tobing MC, Bakti D, Marheni, Harahap M. 2006. Perbanyakan Beauveria

bassiana pada beberapa media dan patogenisitasnya terhadap imago Hypotenemus hampei Fer. (Coleoptera: Scotylidae). Agrikultura 17: 30-35.

(6)

Trizelia. 2005. Cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes): Keragaman Genetik, Karakterisasi Fisiologi dan Virulensinya Terhadap Cricodolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) [Disertasi]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Varela A, Morales E. 1996. Characterization of some Beauveria bassiana isolates and their virulence toward the Coffee Berry Borer, Hyphotenemus hampei. J

Invert Pathol 67: 147-152.

Wooding JL, Kaya HK. 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes: a handbook of biology and techniques. Arkansas: Southern Cooperative Series Bull 331, Arkansas Agri Exp Stat Fayetteville AR. 25 p.

Zuraida N. 2003. Ubi jalar sebagai suplemen pangan selama masa paceklik. J

Litbang Pert 22: 150-155.

Zuraida N, Supriati Y. 2001. Usahatani ubi jalar sebagai bahan pangan alternatif dan diversifikasi sumber karbohidrat. Bul Agrobio 4: 13-23.

(7)
(8)

Lampiran 1 Tata Letak Petak Penelitian Ulangan I B3S3 B0S0 B3S0 B2S2 B2S0 B1S2 B1S1 B2S1 B0S3 B3S2 B3S1 B1S0 B0S2 B2S3 B1S3 B0S1 Ulangan II B3S2 B0S3 B2S3 B2S1 B0S2 B0S1 B0S0 B3S3 B2S0 B1S1 B3S1 B1S3 B1S0 B1S2 B2S2 B3S0 Ulangan III B1S3 B2S3 B0S3 B2S2 B1S2 B0S1 B2S1 B2S0 B1S1 B3S3 B1S0 B3S0 B0S0 B0S2 B3S2 B3S1 S U T B

(9)

42 Lampiran 2 Analisis ragam luas serangan hama boleng pada umbi (data hasil di

transformasi ke Arc Sin √x)

SK db JK KT Fhit F0,05 Kelompok 2 35 17.38 0.24 3.32 Kombinasi 15 1703 113.51 1.54 2.06 Bb 3 277 92.20 1.25 2.92 Heter 3 468 155.90 2.12 2.92 Interaksi 9 958 106.49 1.45 2.21 Galat 30 2205 73.52 Total 47 3942.96 KK = 25,80 %

Lampiran 3 Analisis ragam intensitas serangan hama boleng pada permukaan umbi (data hasil di transformasi ke Arc Sin √x)

SK db JK KT Fhit F0,05 Kelompok 2 77 38.62 0.66 3.32 Kombinasi 15 1309 87.27 1.49 2.06 Bb 3 222 74.14 1.27 2.92 Heter 3 196 65.31 1.12 2.92 Interaksi 9 891 98.96 1.69 2.21 Galat 30 1754 58.48 Total 47 3140.50 KK = 37,16 %

Lampiran 4 Analisis ragam intensitas serangan hama boleng di seluruh bagian umbi (data hasil di transformasi ke Arc Sin √x)

SK db JK KT Fhit F0,05 Kelompok 2 88 43.97 0.69 3.32 Kombinasi 15 1744 116.24 1.82 2.06 Bb 3 285 94.97 1.49 2.92 Heter 3 270 89.97 1.41 2.92 Interaksi 9 1189 132.08 2.07 2.21 Galat 30 1917 63.89 Total 47 3748.17 KK = 32,26 %

(10)

Lampiran 5 Analisis ragam jumlah rata-rata hama boleng pada umbi SK db JK KT Fhit F0,05 kelompok 2 1 0.58 0.26 3.32 Kombinasi 15 33 2.17 0.96 2.06 Bb 3 3 0.85 0.38 2.92 Heter 3 6 2.16 0.96 2.92 Interaksi 9 24 2.62 1.16 2.21 Galat 30 68 2.26 Total 47 101.64 KK = 97,05 %

Lampiran 6 Analisis ragam berat rata-rata umbi

SK db JK KT Fhit F0,05 Kelompok 2 4143 2071.38 1.76 3.32 Kombinasi 15 11542 769.46 0.65 2.06 Bb 3 6278 2092.72 1.78 2.92 Heter 3 326 108.59 0.09 2.92 Interaksi 9 4938 548.66 0.47 2.21 Galat 30 35273 1175.75 Total 47 50957.30 KK = 27,37 %

(11)

44 Lampiran 7 Interaksi B. bassiana dan Heterorhabditis sp. terhadap serangan

hama boleng pada umbi saat panen Intensitas Serangan Perlakuan1) Permukaan Umbi2)3) Umbi2)3) Luas Serangan Umbi2)3) Rata-rata Populasi hama boleng3) Berat Rata-rata Umbi Sehat (g)3) B0S0 26,54 a 36,45 a 51,77 a 2,84 a 101,47 a B0S1 13,33 a 17,23 a 29,59 a 1,18 a 134,16 a B0S2 19,18 a 23,02 a 29,89 a 2,61 a 113,23 a B0S3 8,00 a 11,92 a 27,54 a 0,84 a 124,05 a B1S0 18,60 a 26,22 a 42,80 a 2,11 a 146,96 a B1S1 15,91 a 23,02 a 28,58 a 2,45 a 142,25 a B1S2 10,00 a 14,33 a 25,00 a 0,71 a 133,81 a B1S3 10,11 a 16,11 a 23,33 a 1,34 a 151,40 a B2S0 19,91 a 25,95 a 47,67 a 2,68 a 105,03 a B2S1 21,16 a 26,26 a 37,12 a 1,62 a 123,42 a B2S2 5,02 a 7,66 a 20,35 a 0,32 a 122,83 a B2S3 15,05 a 21,60 a 30,32 a 1,07 a 102,95 a B3S0 3,00 a 5,22 a 15,00 a 0,32 a 133,62 a B3S1 13,38 a 21,52 a 32,75 a 1,80 a 105,01 a B3S2 12,40 a 16,36 a 27,97 a 2,14 a 127,18 a B3S3 8,72 a 12,07 a 25,87 a 0,77 a 137,10 a

1) B: B. bassiana, yaitu B0: 0 konidia ml-1, B1: 106 konidia ml-1, B2: 107 konidia ml-1 dan B3: 108

konidia ml-1, S: Heterorhabditis sp., yaitu S0: 0 J.I ha-1, S1: 1 x 109 J.I ha-1, S2: 2 x 109 J.I ha-1

dan S3: 3 x 109 J.I ha-1.

2) Untuk kepentingan analisis ragam, data ditransformasi menggunakan Arc Sin √x.

(12)

Lampiran 8 Curah hujan Juli – Desember 2008 (mm) Bulan Tanggal

Juli Agt Sept Okt Nop Des

1 - 6.6 18.7 59.1 89.4 3.6 2 0.0 - 0.3 14.7 5.8 TTU 3 - 22.5 0.0 - 83.2 0.1 4 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1 5 102.2 - 49.6 27.2 16.7 10.7 6 - - 0.7 9.5 - 6.7 7 - 9.5 0.0 17.3 43.7 3.2 8 - - 0.0 6.0 5.0 1.4 9 - - 6.1 - 2.3 11 10 - - 5.1 0.0 46.6 TTU 11 - - 11.8 7.6 24.5 9.2 12 - 0.0 10.0 9.6 - 4.4 13 - - 0.0 - 32.2 9.5 14 0.0 - 0.0 0.5 65.5 3.6 15 - 7.2 7.2 - - 2.5 16 52.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 21.7 17 - - 0.2 34.9 33.5 1.1 18 - - 0.0 37.5 2.8 58.2 19 0.6 0.5 0.0 1.0 - 26.6 20 - - 2.5 2.4 1.4 21 21 - 0.0 0.0 19.7 0.0 - 22 3.6 - 12.0 0.0 - 2.5 23 - - 15.4 12.1 0.5 10.5 24 - 29.4 1.3 5.5 44.6 5.6 25 - 32.7 80.2 0.0 1.0 6 26 - 4.0 2.0 - - 16 27 0.4 - 0.4 3.0 6.4 0.5 28 13.6 - 0.0 0.4 - 0.6 29 - 27.6 24.2 43.2 - 1 30 - 11.0 95.5 0.1 - 8 31 - 11.0 - 8.5 Jumlah 172.4 162.0 343.2 311.3 509.0 254.7 rata-rata 8 15 30 25 21

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Heinke, 1995. Yaitu menginvestigasi kekuatan adhesi dengan menggunakan metode indentasi dengan Rockwell-C dari lapisan tipis TiN, CrN yang

Hal itu juga berpengaruh pada biaya akhir penyelesaian proyek, Estimate At Completion (EAC) dalam kondisi realistis dengan asumsi bahwa sisa pekerjaan yang telah

Abu terbang sebagai limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan mutu pada stabilisasi tanah dasar serta yang ramah terhadap

Pengolahan limbah kotoran sapi sebagai Biogas melibatkan peternak setempat tetapi untuk komponen teknologi, dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh peneliti. Biogas digunakan sebagai

Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan website hanya berfungsi sebagai penyedia informasi kependudukan yang bersifat statis, kurang informatif dan belum memiliki layanan online

Tanggal Pembayaran atas Pembelian Saham dari Pemegang Saham 06 Juli 2011 Publik ICON yang telah menyatakan maksud mereka untuk menjual 22 Juli 2011 sahamnya. Sumber : Info dari

Krim atau masker payudara tradisional lain yang dapat dicoba sebagai salah satu cara cara memperbesar payudara serta melakukan perawatan agar payudara tetap kencang, kenyal dan

perbankan maka penting dilakukan analisis tentang faktor-faktor penentu kualitas hubungan dan kedekatan hubungan dalam pemberian layanan kredit perbankan kepada