menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris..

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Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 1

MINGGU 3

Diskripsi singkat :

Mahasiswa diingatkan dengan beberapa bentuk past tense mengingat mereka sudah pernah mendapatkan di SMP dan SMA, hanya sekedar mengingatkan. Juga dilatih membaca bacaan dari literatur teknik serta menterjemahkan, dan menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris

Manfaat :

Setelah mengikuti kuliah mahasiswa dapat :

1. Mahasiswa bisa lebih memahami beberapa bentuk past tenses dalam bahasa inggris.

2. Mahasiswa bisa membaca dengan pronounsation yang benar dan cepat

3. Mahasiswa bisa menterjemahkan bacaan bahasa Inggris dengan istilah teknik

4. Mahasiswa dapat menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris

Relevansi

:

Bab ini memperkenalkan mengenai beberapa bentuk past tenses dalam bahasa inggris. Dan memperlancar membaca juga melatih menerjemahkan, serta latihan menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris.

.

Learning Outcome

Mahasiswa mampu menerangkan beberapa bentuk past tenses dalam bahasa inggris. Dan bisa membaca dengan pronounsation yang benar serta mampu menerjemahkan dengan baik.

PENYAJIAN

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PAST SIMPLE ( I DID )

a) We use p.s. to talk about actions or situation in the past - I very much enjoyed the party

- Mr Edwards died ten years ago

- When I lived in Manchester, I worked in a bank

b) Very often the past simple ands in –ed :

- We invited them to our party but they decided not to come - The police stopped me on my way home last night.

- She passed her examination because she studied very hard

But many important verbs are irregular. This means that the past simple does not end in –ed.

For example :

Leave --- left. We all left the party at 11 o’clock

Go --- went. Yesterday I went to London to sea a friend of mine Cost --- cost. This house cost $ US 35,000 in 1980

The past of the verb be ( am / is / are ) is was / were : I /he /she / it was we / you / they were I was angry because Tom and Ann were late

c) In past simple question and negatives we use did/didn’t + the infinitive (do/open/rain etc)

- When did Mr Edward die ?

- What did you do at the week-end ? - Why didn’t you phone me on Tuesday ? - Did you have time to write the letter ?

But we do not use did with the verb be (was/were) : - Why were you so angry ?

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I. Read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past. Example : Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7.30

1. Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday ………..

2. Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday ……….. 3. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening ………… 4. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night ………….

II. Write Question. Example : where / go ? Where did you go ? Food / good ? Was the food good ? 1. how long / stay there ? ………

2. stay in a hotel ? ……… 3. go alone ? …………

4. the weather / fine ……….

III. Put the verb into the correct form

Example : I didn’t go ( not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn’t (not/be) very well. 1. Tom ……..(not/shave) this morning because he …..(not/have) time

2. We ……(not/eat) anything because we …… (not/be) hungry 3. I …….(not/rush) because I …… (not/be) in a hurry.

4. She …….(not/be) interested in the book because she ….. (not/understand) it.

PAST CONTINUOUS ( I WAS DOING )

a) We use p.c. to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The

action or situation had already started before this time but hadn’t finished : - This time last year I was living in Brazil

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b) The p.c. does not tell us whether an action was finished or not. Perhaps it was finished,

perhaps not. Compare :

- Tom was cooking the dinner (past continuous) - Tom cooked the dinner (past simple)

c) We often use the p.c. (I was doing) and the p.s. (I did) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else :

- Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. - While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

d)- The PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE is used (a) to emphasize an event at one point in past time; Everyone was sleeping at the time of the earthquake; Everyone in the theater was crying at the end of the movie; and (b) to emphasize the duration of an event in past time: His grandfather was working hard from the beginning to the end of the day; They were celebrating their victory at the Olympics all night long.

e).- The past continuous tense is most frequently used in complex sentences where the past continuous time (in a main clause) is interrupted by a definite past action (in a subordinate clause): They were talking about me when I interrupted their conversation; The sun wasshining when the climbers reached the top of Mt. Everest.

I. Use the words in brackets to make sentences. Example : (Don/have/a bath) Don was having a bath

1. (Ann/write/a letter in her room). Ann ………….. 2. (George/get/ready to go out). George ………..

3. (Carol and Dennis/have/dinner). Carol and Dennis …………. 4. (Tom/have/a drink in the bar). Tom …………

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II. Put the verb in the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

Example : While Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring).

1. George ….(fall) off the ladder while he …..(paint) the ceiling.

2. Last night I ….. (read) in the bed when suddenly I …. (hear) a scream. 3. ………..(you/watch) television when I phoned you ?

4. Ann ……. (wait) for me when I ……. (arrive)

5. I …..(not/drive) very fast when the accident ……. (happen)

6. I ….(break) a plate last night. I …(do) the washing-up when it ….(slip) out of my hand. 7. Tom ….(take) a photograph of me while I …. (not/look)

8. We …… (not/go) out because it …..(rain) 9. What …….(you/do) at this time yesterday ?

10. I …….(see) Carol at the party. She …..(wear) a really beautiful dress.

III. Put the verbs into the correct form, past simple or past continuous

Example : (I/fall/asleep when I/watch/television). I feel asleep when I was watching television

1. (the phone/ring/when I/have/a shower). The phone ……… 2. (it/begin/to rain when I/walk/home) ………

3. (we/see/an accident when we/wait/for the bus) ………….

* COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE VERB FROM THE LIST.

Decided pulled injured took Pack travel docked flying

1. I’ve always wanted to ………….abroad. 2. Last summer, I……….to go to Europe.

3. ………..may be faster, but I prefer a leisurely boat ride. 4. It was difficult to decide what to ……….in my suitcases.

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5. On the way to the pier, I was almost ………in a collision. 6. After a comfortable trip, the ship ……….at the pier in Naples. 7. I ……a bus to my hotel.

8. The bus ……in just at dinner time.

SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY

The geographic position of a terrestrial point, as interpreted by map makers is its position relative to a geodetic reference surface, which is used in mapping by tradition as a substitute for the real surface of the earth. The most often used reference surface are sphere, the ellipsoid, and the equipotential surface of the gravity field of the earth. The position is usually defined by curvilinear coordinates, such as latitude, longitude, and height above the reference surface. It is customary to distinguish between spherical, geodetic, and astronomic coordinates, depending on whether the sphere, the ellipsoid, or the geopotential surface is used as the reference surface respectively. According to this interpretation the term “geographic coordinate” is a general one including the three types of coordinates mentioned above.

Geodesy in the history of the science is one of the oldest. It has both scientific and practical missions. The major task of scientific geodesy is the determination of the size, shape, and gravity field of the earth. Using the results obtained, practical geodesy carries out the measurements and computations necessary for the accurate mapping of the earth’s surface. The main mission of practical geodesy is the determination of geodetic and astronomic coordinates of fixed terrestrial points. The geodetic coordinates are traditionally determined by length and or direction measurements, leveling, and gravity observations, practiced within the framework of geodetic surveying. The astronomic coordinates of fixed / terrestrial points are determined from direction and or time observation on stars.

The art and science of determining geographic positions and directions between neighboring stations from measurements on natural celestial bodies is generally termed geodetic astronomy. Direct measurements on artificial satellites for geographic position

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determination are handled in satellite geodesy. The position determination of moving objects is treated in navigation.

1. I……to study English now (a. am wanting ; b. want ; c. wants) 2. I…….it now (a. forget ; b. am forgetting ; c, forgot)

3. ……..your friend always late ? (a. do ; b. are ; c. is )

4. He………mathematics last year (a. have studied ; b. studied ; c. will study ) 5. I am …….discouraged (a. never ;b. ever ; c. don’t have )

6. Mary ……..any bread (a. has ; b. doesn’t have ; c. don’t have ) 7. I wanted…….coffee (a. any ; b. a few ; c. a lot of )

8. The Teacher visited ……..students ( a. much ;b. one ; c. some ) 9. Did Tuty……..last night ( a. will arrive ; b. arrive ; c. arrived ) 10. The man is talking…….the other man ( a. to ; b. for ; c. at )

PENUTUP

Dengan selesainya Pendahuluan ini berati mahasiswa sudah mengerti dan mengetahui tentang bentuk past tenses danmulai bisa membaca dengan lancar dan mencoba menterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia dan sebaliknya.

Tes Formatif

Use the words in brackets to make sentences. 1. (Ann/write/a letter in her room). Ann ………….. 2. (George/get/ready to go out). George ………..

3. (Carol and Dennis/have/dinner). Carol and Dennis …………. 4. (Tom/have/a drink in the bar). Tom …………

Kunci Tes Formatif

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2. George was getting ready to go out 3. Carol and Dennis were having dinner 4. Tom was having a drink in the bar

Petunjuk penilaian

Kriteria

1

2

3

menjelaskan tentang past tenses Menjelaskan sebagian kecil Menjelaskan sebagian besar Menjelaskan keseluruhan Menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris Menterjemah kan sebagian kecil Menterjemah kan sebagian besar Menterjemah kan keseluruhan

Umpan balik

Membantu dalam berdiskusi, memeriksa hasil quisioner.

Tindak lanjut

Mahasiswa yang kurang dapat mengerjakan tes dapat mempelajari di bahan ajar dan pustaka yang ada.

Daftar Pustaka

1. USA, Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1989, Understanding and Using English Grammar, edisi kedua, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey : Prentice Hall Regents.

2 Jordan, R.R., 1980, Academic Writing Course, Collins, London, Glasgow.

3.Oneal & King Bury, 1975, Kernl Lesson Intermediate, edisi ketiga, Longman Group, London.

4. Peterson, Patricia Wilcox, 1980, Changing Times, Changing Teses : A Review of The English Tense Systm, English Teaching Division, Educational and Cultural Afair, International Communication Agency Washington DC

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Rencana Kegiatan Pembelajaran Mingguan (RKPM) Ke 3 :

Minggu ke LO (learning outcome) yang akan dicapai  harus mengikuti SMART Pokok Bahasan

(Topik) Sub Pokok Bahasan

Metode pembelaj aran (STAR) Apa yang harus dilakukan mahasiswa Apa yang harus dilakukan dosen Media

ajar Assessment assessmenMethod of ts Pustaka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 Kognitif: Mahasiswa dpt menjelaskan ttg. Past tenses Affektif: Mahasiswa mampu berdiskusi. past simple a. past simple b. past continuous

c. translation, reading, cloze passage Collaborati ve Learning Masing masing kelompok menyiapkan materi utk diskusi tentang Sub Pokok Bahasan. Diskusi antar kelompok. Menentukan kelompok. Menjiapkan dan menjelaskan materi. Fasilitator & Evaluator diskusi. Lembar kerja,. Penilaian thd: Penyiapan Materi (antar kelompok) Keaktifan& Kemampuan berdiskusi (individu) Pemerinkat-an individu. 1,2