SPEECH ACTS IN WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE ANGKOLA CULTURE.

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SPEECH ACTS IN WEDDING CEREMONY

OF THE ANGKOLA CULTURE

A Thesis

Submitted to Post-Graduate School English Applied Linguistic Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

EFRINI PANJAITAN Registration Number: 8106111007

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

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SPEECH ACTS IN WEDDING CEREMONY

OF THE ANGKOLA CULTURE

A Thesis

Submitted to Post-Graduate School English Applied Linguistic Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

EFRINI PANJAITAN Registration Number: 8106111007

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Allah, the lord of the universe who has given me the

opportunity to finish this thesis. Thank you so much my dear lord. It is also

impossible to be finished without guidance, support and valuable knowledge from

many people whose names can not be mentioned one by one.

First, the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to Prof. Amrin

Saragin, M.A, Ph.D her first advisor and Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd her

second adviser, for their valuable advice, guidance, constructive comments and

previous time spent on supervising and commenting the process of writing until it

come to its present form. Second her special gratitude goes to the head of English

applied linguistics, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and secretary Dr. Sri Minda

Murni, M.S, who has generously encouraged her in completing this study, all

lecturers, for her valuable knowledge and instruction they have implemented to

her during the years studying and librarians of the State University of Medan for

leading some useful books and other sources that are needed in writing this thesis.

The writer would like to sincerely thank to anonymous participant who

contributed suggestions, critics and advises to this study. My deepest gratitude

goes to Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A. Ph.D, Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed, TESP and Dr.

Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum, without their excellent academic guidance and

support, this thesis would not have been possible.

Then, a very special deep of gratitude is directed to her beloved father

Matnatsir Panjaitan and beloved mother Nura’ni Gultom together with her

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Rohman SKM and her brothers Ronald Panjaitan S.Kom, Marhot Panjaitan S.Pd

and Abdul Rahman Nasution S.Pd for their full love, support, care and prayers.

Finally, a special debt of gratitude is addressed to all her beloved best

friend Yulia Warda S.Pd.I, M. Hum and Maitri Rahmadhani SS. M.hum, Vivi

Novalia Sitinjak SS. M. Hum and all her classmates LTBI A2 for their close

friendship and encouragement in finishing this thesis.

Medan,15 Maret 2013 The writer

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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1. Speech Acts Categories into the Types of Speech Acts... 40

Table 2. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used by the Elements ofDalihan Na Toluon Wedding Ceremony in theAngkolaCulture ... 43

Table 3. Thanking Speech Acts ... 44

Table 4. Blessing Speech Acts ... 45

Table 5. Statement Speech Acts... 47

Table 6. Explaining Speech Acts ... 48

Table 7. Suggestion Speech Acts ... 49

Table 8. Advising Speech Acts ... 49

Table 9. Greeting Speech Acts... 51

Table 12. Admonishing Speech Acts ... 53

Table 13. Advising Speech Acts ... 53

Table 18. Informing Speech Acts... 59

Table 19. Concluding Speech Acts ... 59

Table 22. Advising Speech Act... 62

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Table 29. Explaining Speech Acts ... 67

Table 40. Advising Speech Acts78 Table 41. Explaining Speech Acts ... 78

Table 42. The Percentage Types of Speech Acts Dominantly Used by the Elements ofDalihan Na Tolu in Wedding Ceremony of theAngkolaCulture ... 88

Table 43. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used by Mora Sihabolonanin Wedding Ceremony of theAngkolaCulture ... 89

Table 44. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used byMora Sian Boruin Wedding Ceremony of theAngkolaCulture... 89

Table 45. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used byKahanggi Nisuhutin Wedding Ceremony of theAngkolaCulture ... 90

Table 46. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used byKahanggi Parebanin Wedding Ceremony of theAngkolaCulture ... 91

Table 47. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used byAnak Boru Nisuhutin Wedding Ceremony of theAngkolaCulture ... 91

Table 48. The Number Types of Speech Acts Used byAnak Boru

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LIST OF DIAGRAM

Page

Diagram 1. Wedding Ceremony Research by Types of Speech Acts

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

Page

Appendix 1. Pictures ofAngkolaWedding Ceremony ... 110

Appendix 2. Interview Transcript ... 112

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Indonesia has many vernacular languages and cultures. Language is used

by the society as a tool for communication. As a means of communication

thoughts ideas language is used for creating friendship, economic, education etc

while Culture is used as basic systems of life in the society. Without language,

someone cannot interaction one another and without culture the community does

not have roles and characteristics of the society. It is agreed that language cannot

be separated from the culture as language is one product of culture.

Knowing the culture of the society will help us build comfortable

interaction. One can be impolite if s/he cannot do interaction based on the context

of situation. Different ethnic groups have different ways in doing communication.

When the speaker makes utterance to the hearer in context, the communication

between speaker and hearer will be success if they can gather goal of

conversation, automatically the hearer can get the main point of what does the

speaker mean.

In wedding ceremony the participants would like to extent the speech,

such as; Mora, Kahanggi, Anak Boru or called as the elements of Dalihan Na

Tolu. The elements of Dalihan Na Tolu have an important role in extending

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families, especially for all participants who attend in wedding ceremony.

Therefore, the elements can be received well by them in wedding ceremony.

Different person has different expressions and actions to say something. It

is occurred in wedding ceremony of the Angkola culture. For instance, when the

speakers or elements ofDalihan Na Tolu started to speech onMakkobar, some of

the speakers are directly say “Pajolo do hita mangucapkon syukur tu tuhanta

nauli basai, nadung mangalehen di hita hatorkisan songoni hahorasan di hita

imada di parlagutanta dipantar siriaonon”. This utterance shows that the speaker

has lost their honors or manners to hearer because some of them have not used

greeting speech act on their speech. Greeting speech act is honored words that

used byAngkolasociety to greet king, Mora, Kahanggi, Anak BoruandNatobang

Natoras in wedding ceremony event. So in wedding ceremony of the Angkola

culture a speech should be opening by used greeting speech act by say “ sattabi

sappulu diraja, sattabi di na mora, kahanggi, anak boru sa sudena na adong i

pattar paradatan on”. This utterance shows the respect one to their family or this

utterance shows how the participant used speech act on their speech in wedding

ceremony of theangkolaculture. It is clear that there is a gap between theory and

reality on wedding ceremony because on given speech the speaker using different

utterances on language use.

Based on the phenomenon of language use on wedding ceremony, it is

believed that the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu have different acts on language

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types of speech acts used by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu in wedding

ceremony of theAngkolaculture.

It is clear that the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu have different types of

speech act in giving speech in wedding ceremony of the Angkola culture.

Consequently, the speakers would miscommunication, when they extended their

speech. Moreover, the speakers should master the language itself or speech act in

order to they are able to extend it very well. Automatically speakers can develop

their speech in certain context.

On the other hand, the researcher was conducted speech acts whereas

speech act is explanation how speaker used language to accomplish intended

action and how hearer infers intended meaning from what is speaker say. In this

case, the hearer may different in getting the meaning of the utterances from the

speakers. Based on Austin theory (1962) the meaning of the utterances can be

divided into three kinds, they are locutionary acts, illocutionary acts and

perlocutionary acts. For instance, could you pass the salt? It is identified as

locutionary act because this utterance indicated as literal meaning, then the

utterance above on illocutionary actmeans “pass the salt, please”it is indicated as

the hearer would assume whether the addressee would able to pass the salt. As a

pelocutionary act, the utterance above is indicated to realize the speaker’s

intention to ultimately get hold of the salt. From the explanation can be realized if

one utterance may have some interpretation.

Based on Searle’s book(1969) about speech acts an essay in philosophy of

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communication. He found that when we communicate each other , we are not

only produce symbols, words and sentences which have not meaning but also the

production of the symbols, words and sentences that have meanings, whereas, he

has developed the speech act especially the illocutionary acts or the types of

speech act into representatives, directives, communicative, expressive and

declaratives. From his book can be concluded that illocutionary act often occur in

doing communication because the speaker and hearer came from different cultural

background, so the ways of communication different.

Relating to explanation above, the researcher interested in choosing this

topic because of some reasons; 1) There are different languages meaning uttered

by speakers in giving speech, 2) There are different utterance and action used by

speaker in giving speech. 3) The reason why do speakers used utterance or action

dominantly in their speech, 4) The process of speech acts used by speakers in

giving speech in wedding ceremony of theAngkolaculture.

The reason mentioned above are considered as the reason why this

research should be done that is in order to describe the types of speech acts used

by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu which is observed by the researcher to the

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1.2 The Problems of the Study

This problems of the study are formulated as the following

(1) What types of speech acts are used by the elements ofDalihan Na Toluin

wedding ceremony of theAngkolaculture?

(2) How are the speech acts used by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu in

wedding ceremony of theAngkolaculture?

(3) What types of speech act is dominantly used by each of the elements?

(4) Why is the type dominantly used by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu in

the ways they are?

1.3 The Objectives of Study

In relation of the problems, the objectives of the study are

(1) to describe types of speech acts are used by the elements of Dalihan Na

Toluin wedding ceremony of theAngkolaculture,

(2) to described how are speech acts used by the elements of Dalian Na Tolu

in wedding ceremony of theAngkolaculture,

(3) to find out the types of speech acts is dominantly used by each of elements

and

(4) to describe why is the type dominantly used by the elements of Dalihan

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1.4 The Scopes of the Study

This study attempts to describe and to explain the speech acts used by the

elements of Dalihan Na Tolu speakers in wedding ceremony specifically in

spoken language. The main aspect of this study is to describe and investigate the

types of speech act (illocutionary act) of Dalihan Na Tolu use in their speech.

Besides that, the researcher also scopes the location of research namely gang

Padang Bolak on Desa Tembung Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli

Serdang North Sumatra.

1.5 The Significance of the Study

Findings of the study are expected to give contributions theoretically and

practically

(1) Theoretically, the research findings are expected to enrich the theories of

linguistic speech acts, specifically the spoken medium by certain

community, mainly theAngkolaculture especially the elements ofDalihan

Na Tolu.

(2) Practically, the findings of this study can be used as a model to identify

and understand speech act for social interaction, which have the same

characteristic with the Angkola culture in expressing suggestion, advising,

informing, statement, and so on. The researcher hope that it is useful for

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

The study concerned on speech acts used by the elements of Dalihan Na

Toluon wedding ceremony in the Angkola culture. It was aimed at describing the

utterances used by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu. Based on the analysis the

conclusions are stated as the following:

(1) The elements ofDalihan Na Toluperform their speech acts by using direct

and indirect speech act. Direct speech act used by them by uttered idiom

and kinship form while indirect speech act used by them by uttered

Umpama.

(2) The five types of speech acts by Searle are not used by the elements of

Dalihan Na Tolu at all in their interaction. They are only used four types

namely representative acts, directive acts, expressive acts and declarative

acts, while commissive acts did not found on their interaction on Angkola

wedding ceremony event.

(3) Directive acts is the dominantly used by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu

in wedding ceremony of theAngkolaculture.

(4) Directive act is dominantly used by the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu

because in wedding ceremony the speaker required to use advised,

suggestion, blessing and other utterance about married life. Sometimes

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There will be the tendency that every culture has differently and similarity

of using the types of speech acts.

5.2 Implication

Based on the conclusion those have been state previously there are some

implications that can be gain.

(1) Angkola societies do not fell ashamed anymore of being incompetence in

speaking their native in wedding ceremony that is why the used of

Angkolalanguage rarely.

(2) Angkola language which is the identity of their ethnic group could be lost

especiallyadatlanguage if the speakers in wedding ceremony are not able

to speakAngkolalanguage.

(3) This research will be useful as guidance to the student and lecturers who

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5.2 Suggestion

It is suggested to those who concerned with wedding ceremony in the

Angkolaculture to learn about the types of speech acts.

(1) It is suggested toAngkolanative speakers to get involved in their wedding

ceremony as language is used by using speech acts because speech acts

help the participants especially the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu as the

language users to communicate well in daily communication and cultural

event.

(2) It also suggested to all parents of Angkolanative speaker as real model of

good educator to use and to teach their children about Angkola culture in

their daily activity.

(3) It is suggested to the lecturers who play an important role in teaching

pragmatics and sociolinguistics to give attention in teaching speech acts

especially about speech acts inter ethnic in north Sumatra.

(4) It is suggested to all of us as the writer and reader who read this thesis in

order to understand the types of speech acts. The used of the speech acts

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SPEECH ACTS IN WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE ANGKOLA CULTURE.

SPEECH ACTS IN WEDDING CEREMONY

OF THE ANGKOLA CULTURE

SPEECH ACTS IN WEDDING CEREMONY

OF THE ANGKOLA CULTURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF DIAGRAM

LIST OF APPENDIXES

REFERENCES