xi
T C A R T S B A
I R A S A T I V O N A C S I S N A R
F ,2015 .Socia lCri itcsim toward Captialsim in the c
i r e m A s 0 2 9
1 an Society Revealed through the Character sin Aldous Huxley’ s
d l r o W w e N e v a r
B .Yogyaka tra :TheGraduateProgrami nEnglsihLanguageStudies , y
ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a
S .
s e z y l a n a s is e h t s i h
T one o fAldou sHuxleys' work sen itlted Brave New d
l r o
W .The cenrta lfocu so fthe the is s si socia lc iritcsim toward captiailsm in the .
y t e i c o s n a c ir e m A s 0 2 9
1 One i mpo tran taspec to fcaptialsim c iritcized i n t hi s tsudy e
h t
si captialsi texplotiaiton aspecst tha toccur i n t he processe so fmas sproduciton .
n o it a ll e p r e t n i d n a
e t a u d a r g s i h
T the is sanalyze stwo main problems .The fris tproblem deal s h g u o r h t d e t n e s e r p e r s a y t e i c o s t si l a ti p a c n a c ir e m A s 0 2 9 1 e h t f o n o it i d n o c e h t h ti w
d n o c e s e h T . e t a t S d lr o W e h t ; y t e i c o s c it si r u t u f s ’ y e l x u H s u o d l A f o s r e t c a r a h c e h t
h t f o t c e j b u s e h t h ti w s l a e d e n
o es ocia lc iritcsimr evealedt hrought heexpe irence so f .l
e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t
c u d n o c o
T tt hi s tsudy ,Marxsi tc iritcsim sw a employedast heapproachoft he n
o it a g it s e v n
i . Thsi t he is sappiled a ilbrary research t o collect t he data rfom book s n
r e t n i d n
a e tresources .The Marxi ts t heory o fhegemony a sformulated by Antonio o t d e s u e r e w r e s s u h tl A s i u o L y b d e t a l u m r o f s a y g o l o e d i f o y r o e h t e h t d n a i c s m a r G
.s m e l b o r p e h t e z y l a n a
s 0 2 9 1 e h t f o e l p o e p s s a l c g n i k r o w e h t t a h t s w o h s y d u ts e h t f o t l u s e r e h T
s n a c ir e m
A ociety represented i n t he novel ilve sunder t he explotiaiton o fcaptialsi t t
a h t e t a
ts manages the mass t hrough consent .In t he nove,l t h e ts ate manages thei r n
e s n o
c tthrough mate iral sand ideological ins rtumenst ,especially in the realm so f n
o it c u d o r p s s a
m and i nterpellaiton .The subjeciton of t he i ndividuasl t o t he ruilng e
h t h g u o r h t n e e s y lr a e l c s i y g o l o e d
i expe irence sof t he characters .They areused a s .
n o it a ti o l p x e o t d e t a l e r y ll a i c e p s e , e t a ts t si l a ti p a c e h t e z i c it ir c o t s n a e m e h
t In the
s a m f o s s e c o r
p s produciton , through the descirpiton o f Mu tsapha Mond’ s s
e c n e ir e p x
e ,Huxley c iritcize sthe captialsi texplotiaiton on the ground tha tthe e
r a s n e z it i
c rteateda sobjecstt ha tcanbe producedmas isvelyon t heassembly ilne .s m
e h t s e k a m s i h
T look ilke robot stha tdo no thave rfeedom to make thei rown .
e c i o h
c In t he proces sof i nterpellaiton ,through t he expe irences fo the Driecto ro f z tl o h m l e H , x r a M d r a n r e B , a d n i L , e n w o r C a n i n e L , g n i n o it i d n o C d n a s e ir e h c t a H
, d n o M a h p a ts u M d n a , e g a v a S e h t n h o J , n o st a
W Huxley c iritcize st he captialsi t
e r a y e h t t a h t e v e il e b o t d e t a l u p i n a m e r a s n e z it i c e h t t a h t e s n e s e h t n i n o it a ti o l p x e
o s t c e fr e p a n i e v il y e h t d n a y p p a
h ciety .The consequence soft hei rsatsi ifedl fie are d
n a , s e u l a v n a m u h , y ti c it n e h t u a l a u ti ri p s f o t s o l e h
x K A R T S B A I R A S A T I V O N A C S I S N A R
F (2015) .Socia lCri itcsim toward Captialsim in th e y t e i c o S n a c i r e m A s 0 2 9
1 Revealed through the Character sin Aldou sHuxley’ s
d l r o W w e N e v a r
B .Yogyaka tra :TheGraduateProgrami nEnglsihLanguageStudies , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S . si si l a n a g n e m i n i si s e
T salah satu nove lkarya Aldou sHuxley yang bejrudu l d l r o W w e N e v a r
B .Foku sutamada irt essii n iadalahk iritks ocialt erhadapkaptialsime 0 2 9 1 n u h a t a d a p a k ir e m A t a k a r a y s a m i
d -an .Satu aspek penitng yang dik iritk dalam h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k
s aspek-aspek eksploti a is oleh para kaptiail syang muncu ldalam a m i s k u d o r p s e s o r
p s saandi nterpelas.i g n e m i n i s is e
T analsisi dua masalah utama . Permasalahan yang utama a k ir e m A s il a ti p a k t a k a r a y s a m i si d n o k n a g n e d n a ti a k r e
b pada tahun 1920-an yang
h e l o i li k a w i
d tokoh-tokoh d i dalam novel .Permasalahan yang kedua berkatian n a m a l a g n e p i u l a l e m n a k p a k g n u i d g n a y l a is o s k it ir k i r a d k e j b u s n a g n e
d -pengalaman
. y e l x u H s u o d l A a y r a k k it si r u t u f l e v o n m a l a d i d h o k o t si si l a n a s e s o r p m a l a
D ,penuil smenggunakank iritkMarxi sdigunakansebaga i si s e t n a s a h a b m e p m a l a d n a t a k e d n e
p .Te is sin imenggunakan metode kepu tsakaan a t a d n a k l u p m u g n e m k u t n
u -data yang dibutuhkan dar iberbaga ibuku dan sumbe r e
n il n
o . Teor iMarxi syatiu t eor ihegemon iyang driumuskan oleh Antonio Gramsc i r e s s u h tl A s i u o L h e l o n a k s u m u ri d g n a y y g o l o e d i i r o e t n a
d digunakan untuk
si si l a n a g n e
m permasalahan . si si l a n a l is a
H menunjukkanbahwamasyaraka tkela speke jrad iAme irkapada 0 2 9 1 n u h a
t - na yangdiwakli iolehparat okohdalamnovelmengalam ieksplotias ioleh s il a ti p a k a r a g e
n yangmengatu rhidupmasyaraka tmelalu ipersetujuanmasyaraka.t iD a r a g e n , l e v o n m a l a
d menjaga persetujuan masyaraka tmelalu ibeberapa insrtumen . i g o l o e d i n a d i r e t a m a p u r e b g n a
y Penaklukanpara i ndividuoleh ideologykela syang m a l a g n e p i u l a l e m t a h il r e t t a p a d a s a u k r e
b a -n pengalaman para t okoh yang digunakan n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b g n a y a m a t u r e t si l a ti p a k a r a g e n k it ir k g n e m k u t n
u eksplotia is .Dalam
, a s s a m i s k u d o r p s e s o r
p penggambaran pengalaman-pengalaman Mu tsapha Mond is a ti o l p s k e k it ir k g n e m k u t n u y e l x u H n a k a n u g i
d para kaptialsi dengan dasa rbahwa
s a t a i d l a s a m a r a c e s i s k u d o r p i d g n a y g n a r a b i tr e p e s n a k u k a lr e p i d a r a g e n a g r a w a r a p . n a ti k a r e p i n
il Keadaan in i membua t mereka itdak memiilk i kebebasan untuk e m n a h il i p t a u b m e
m reka sendi ir .Dalam proses i nterpela is ,pengalaman-pengalaman , x r a M d r a n r e B , a d n i L , e n w o r C a n i n e L , n a is i d n o k g n e P n a d n a h i n e b m e P r u t k e ri D k u t n u y e l x u H n a k a n u g i d d n o M a h p a ts u M n a d , n h o J s a u B i S , n o st a W z tl o h m l e H n a g n e d s il a ti p a k a r a p i s a ti o l p s k e k it ir k g n e
m dasa r bahwa para warga negara
m a l a d i d p u d i h a k e r e m n a d a i g a h a b a k e r e m a w h a b a y a c r e p k u t n u i s a l u p i n a m i d h a l a d a n a k s a u m e m g n a y a k e r e m n a p u d i h e k i r a d t a b i k A . a n r u p m e s g n a y t a k a r a y s a m n a r a n e b e k a y n g n a li
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S 096332017
S E I D U T S E G A U G N A L H S I L G N E N I M A R G O R P E T A U D A R G E H T
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Student Number: 0963320 I 7
Defended before the Thesis Committre and Declared Acceptable
TT{ESIS COMMITTEE
Chaiqperson : Dr.Benedictus Bherman Dwijatmoko.Iv{.A.
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: Paplus Sarwoto. S.S.. MA.. Ph.DMember
: Patrisius Mutiara Andalas. S.J.. S.S.. S.T.D.Member
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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
This is c.€rtiry to all idtrs, phmsesr scntences, unless odrenrrise
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Yograkarta Sryt€rrb€r 17, 2015
@
FRA}ISISCA NOVTTASARI
LEMBAR PER}I"YATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA
ILMIAH
UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMISYang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
: FransiscaNovitasariNomorMahasiswa :
096332017Demi pengembangan ilmu pigetahuan saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
SOCIAL CRITICISM TOWARD CAPITALISM IN THE 19205
AMERICAI\
SOCIETY REVEALED THROUGH CHARACTERSIN
ALDOUS HUXLEY'S BRAVE NEW WORLD
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma
hak
untuk
menyimpan,mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau
media
lain
untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu memintaijin
dari
sayamaupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selamatetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Yogyakarta, 17 September 2015
Yang menyatakan,
i v
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
o t e k il d l u o w
I send my grattiude to my Lord ,Jesu sChrsi tfo rbles isng me . si s e h t si h t g n it ir w f o s s e c o r p e h t g n ir u d n o g n i o g p e e k o t h ti a f d n a h t g n e rt s h ti w
o t e d u ti t a r g g i b a e w o
I ym thessisupervsio rPaulu sSarwoto ,S.S. ,M.A. ,Ph. d
n a e c i v d a s i h r o f .
D suggesitons t hroughout t he proces so fw iritng my t hessi tha t .
si s e h t y m g n i v o r p m i d n a g n it c e rr o c r o f l u f e s u e b d l u o
w Iaslowould ilket o express
s r e n i m a x e f o d r a o b e h t o t e d u ti t a r g y
m ;D .rBenedictu sBhermanDwjiatmiko ,M.A,. .
S , s a l a d n A a r a it u M s u is ir t a
P .J ,S.S. ,S.T.D. ,and Dew iWidya tsuit ,S.Pd. ,M.Hum . l
u ft h g is n i y n a m h ti w e m d e p l e h e v a h o h
w quesitons and consrtucitve ciritcsims e
s n e f e d s is e h t e h t g n ir u
d .
o sl a d l u o w
I sharemyhappines sand grattiude wtihmybeloved one .sI t hank . k r o w s i h t h si n if o t k o o t I y e n r u o j y r e v e t s o m l a n i tr o p p u s e g u h s i h r o f d n a b s u h y
m I
k n a h
t mydaughters ,NadineandEllen,f o ralwaysr adiaitngl oveandhappines severy y
a d e l g n
is . My grattiude aslo goes t o myparenst ,brothers ,and is tser for t heri l ove , e
b o t t a e r g s y a w l a s i tI . ts u rt d n a , p l e
h aroundwonde frulpeople ilket hem .
ii v
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ... i E
G A P L A V O R P P
A S... ii I
R O F O T N E M E T A T
S GINALITY... iv
N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L PERSETUJUANPUBLIKAS IKARYAI LMIAH
S I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N
U ... v ..
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... vi S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T .. ... ... vii T
C A R T S B
A ... xi A
R T S B
A K..... x
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ... 1 .
A Backgroundoft heStudy... 1 .
B ScopeandLimtiaitonoft heStudy... 7 .
C ResearchQuesiton .s... 01 .
D Objecitves oft heStudy... 01 .
E Methodoft heStudy... 11 .
F Urgencyoft heStudy... 1 2 W
E I V E R E R U T A R E T I L : I I R E T P A H
C ... 1 4 .
A Objec toft heStudy... 14 .
B Reviewo fRelatedStudies... 1 5 .
C Reviewo fMarx si tTheory... 2 3 .
D Theoreitca lFramework... 32 T
S I L A T I P A C : I I I R E T P A H
C EXPLOITATIONOFTHE1920SAMERICAN S
R E T C A R A H C H G U O R H T D E L A E V E R Y T E I C O
S INALDOUSHUXLEY’S
A R
B VENEWWORLD......................,,........................................... 3.... 3 .
A Mas sProduciton... 33 .
B Interpellaiton... 63 .
1 Hypnopaedia... 3 7 .
2 Arit ifcia lPleasures... ... ... 4 8 .
3 N -eo PavlovianTechnique .s...,... 54 D
R A W O T M S I C I T I R C L A I C O S E H T : V I R E T P A H
C THEEXPLOITATION
F
O CAPITALISTSTATE..... 3.. 6 .
A Captialsi tExplotiaitont hroughMas sProduciton... 6 4 .
B Captialsi tExplotiaitont hroughI nterpellaiton.,... 76 .
1 Hypnopaedia... 7 6 .
ii i v
.
3 N -eo PavlovianTechniques... 97 N
O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ... 8 3 Y
H P A R G O I L B I
xi
T C A R T S B A I
R A S A T I V O N A C S I S N A R
F ,2015 .Socia lCri itcsim toward Captialsim in the c
i r e m A s 0 2 9
1 an Society Revealed through the Character sin Aldous Huxley’ s
d l r o W w e N e v a r
B .Yogyaka tra :TheGraduateProgrami nEnglsihLanguageStudies ,
y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a
S .
s e z y l a n a s is e h t s i h
T one o fAldou sHuxleys' work sen itlted Brave New d
l r o
W .The cenrta lfocu so fthe the is s si socia lc iritcsim toward captiailsm in the .
y t e i c o s n a c ir e m A s 0 2 9
1 One i mpo tran taspec to fcaptialsim c iritcized i n t hi s tsudy e
h t
si captialsi texplotiaiton aspecst tha toccur i n t he processe so fmas sproduciton .
n o it a ll e p r e t n i d n a
e t a u d a r g s i h
T the is sanalyze stwo main problems .The fris tproblem deal s h g u o r h t d e t n e s e r p e r s a y t e i c o s t si l a ti p a c n a c ir e m A s 0 2 9 1 e h t f o n o it i d n o c e h t h ti w
d n o c e s e h T . e t a t S d lr o W e h t ; y t e i c o s c it si r u t u f s ’ y e l x u H s u o d l A f o s r e t c a r a h c e h t
h t f o t c e j b u s e h t h ti w s l a e d e n
o es ocia lc iritcsimr evealedt hrought heexpe irence so f .l
e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t
c u d n o c o
T tt hi s tsudy ,Marxsi tc iritcsim sw a employedast heapproachoft he n
o it a g it s e v n
i . Thsi t he is sappiled a ilbrary research t o collect t he data rfom book s n
r e t n i d n
a e tresources .The Marxi ts t heory o fhegemony a sformulated by Antonio o t d e s u e r e w r e s s u h tl A s i u o L y b d e t a l u m r o f s a y g o l o e d i f o y r o e h t e h t d n a i c s m a r G
.s m e l b o r p e h t e z y l a n a
s 0 2 9 1 e h t f o e l p o e p s s a l c g n i k r o w e h t t a h t s w o h s y d u ts e h t f o t l u s e r e h T
s n a c ir e m
A ociety represented i n t he novel ilve sunder t he explotiaiton o fcaptialsi t t
a h t e t a
ts manages the mass t hrough consent .In t he nove,l t h e ts ate manages thei r n
e s n o
c tthrough mate iral sand ideological ins rtumenst ,especially in the realm so f n
o it c u d o r p s s a
m and i nterpellaiton .The subjeciton of t he i ndividuasl t o t he ruilng e
h t h g u o r h t n e e s y lr a e l c s i y g o l o e d
i expe irence sof t he characters .They areused a s .
n o it a ti o l p x e o t d e t a l e r y ll a i c e p s e , e t a ts t si l a ti p a c e h t e z i c it ir c o t s n a e m e h
t In the
s a m f o s s e c o r
p s produciton , through the descirpiton o f Mu tsapha Mond’ s s
e c n e ir e p x
e ,Huxley c iritcize sthe captialsi texplotiaiton on the ground tha tthe e
r a s n e z it i
c rteateda sobjecstt ha tcanbe producedmas isvelyon t heassembly ilne .s m
e h t s e k a m s i h
T look ilke robot stha tdo no thave rfeedom to make thei rown .
e c i o h
c In t he proces sof i nterpellaiton ,through t he expe irences fo the Driecto ro f z tl o h m l e H , x r a M d r a n r e B , a d n i L , e n w o r C a n i n e L , g n i n o it i d n o C d n a s e ir e h c t a H
, d n o M a h p a ts u M d n a , e g a v a S e h t n h o J , n o st a
W Huxley c iritcize st he captialsi t e r a y e h t t a h t e v e il e b o t d e t a l u p i n a m e r a s n e z it i c e h t t a h t e s n e s e h t n i n o it a ti o l p x e
o s t c e fr e p a n i e v il y e h t d n a y p p a
h ciety .The consequence soft hei rsatsi ifedl fie are d
n a , s e u l a v n a m u h , y ti c it n e h t u a l a u ti ri p s f o t s o l e h
x K A R T S B A I R A S A T I V O N A C S I S N A R
F (2015) .Socia lCri itcsim toward Captialsim in th e y t e i c o S n a c i r e m A s 0 2 9
1 Revealed through the Character sin Aldou sHuxley’ s
d l r o W w e N e v a r
B .Yogyaka tra :TheGraduateProgrami nEnglsihLanguageStudies ,
y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S . si si l a n a g n e m i n i si s e
T salah satu nove lkarya Aldou sHuxley yang bejrudu l d l r o W w e N e v a r
B .Foku sutamada irt essii n iadalahk iritks ocialt erhadapkaptialsime 0 2 9 1 n u h a t a d a p a k ir e m A t a k a r a y s a m i
d -an .Satu aspek penitng yang dik iritk dalam h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k
s aspek-aspek eksploti a is oleh para kaptiail syang muncu ldalam a m i s k u d o r p s e s o r
p s saandi nterpelas.i g n e m i n i s is e
T analsisi dua masalah utama . Permasalahan yang utama a k ir e m A s il a ti p a k t a k a r a y s a m i si d n o k n a g n e d n a ti a k r e
b pada tahun 1920-an yang
h e l o i li k a w i
d tokoh-tokoh d i dalam novel .Permasalahan yang kedua berkatian n a m a l a g n e p i u l a l e m n a k p a k g n u i d g n a y l a is o s k it ir k i r a d k e j b u s n a g n e
d -pengalaman
. y e l x u H s u o d l A a y r a k k it si r u t u f l e v o n m a l a d i d h o k o t si si l a n a s e s o r p m a l a
D ,penuil smenggunakank iritkMarxi sdigunakansebaga i si s e t n a s a h a b m e p m a l a d n a t a k e d n e
p .Te is sin imenggunakan metode kepu tsakaan a t a d n a k l u p m u g n e m k u t n
u -data yang dibutuhkan dar iberbaga ibuku dan sumbe r e
n il n
o . Teor iMarxi syatiu t eor ihegemon iyang driumuskan oleh Antonio Gramsc i r e s s u h tl A s i u o L h e l o n a k s u m u ri d g n a y y g o l o e d i i r o e t n a
d digunakan untuk
si si l a n a g n e
m permasalahan . si si l a n a l is a
H menunjukkanbahwamasyaraka tkela speke jrad iAme irkapada 0 2 9 1 n u h a
t - na yangdiwakli iolehparat okohdalamnovelmengalam ieksplotias ioleh s il a ti p a k a r a g e
n yangmengatu rhidupmasyaraka tmelalu ipersetujuanmasyaraka.t iD a r a g e n , l e v o n m a l a
d menjaga persetujuan masyaraka tmelalu ibeberapa insrtumen . i g o l o e d i n a d i r e t a m a p u r e b g n a
y Penaklukanpara i ndividuoleh ideologykela syang m a l a g n e p i u l a l e m t a h il r e t t a p a d a s a u k r e
b a -n pengalaman para t okoh yang digunakan n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b g n a y a m a t u r e t si l a ti p a k a r a g e n k it ir k g n e m k u t n
u eksplotia is .Dalam
, a s s a m i s k u d o r p s e s o r
p penggambaran pengalaman-pengalaman Mu tsapha Mond is a ti o l p s k e k it ir k g n e m k u t n u y e l x u H n a k a n u g i
d para kaptialsi dengan dasa rbahwa s a t a i d l a s a m a r a c e s i s k u d o r p i d g n a y g n a r a b i tr e p e s n a k u k a lr e p i d a r a g e n a g r a w a r a p . n a ti k a r e p i n
il Keadaan in i membua t mereka itdak memiilk i kebebasan untuk e m n a h il i p t a u b m e
m reka sendi ir .Dalam proses i nterpela is ,pengalaman-pengalaman , x r a M d r a n r e B , a d n i L , e n w o r C a n i n e L , n a is i d n o k g n e P n a d n a h i n e b m e P r u t k e ri D k u t n u y e l x u H n a k a n u g i d d n o M a h p a ts u M n a d , n h o J s a u B i S , n o st a W z tl o h m l e H n a g n e d s il a ti p a k a r a p i s a ti o l p s k e k it ir k g n e
m dasa r bahwa para warga negara m a l a d i d p u d i h a k e r e m n a d a i g a h a b a k e r e m a w h a b a y a c r e p k u t n u i s a l u p i n a m i d h a l a d a n a k s a u m e m g n a y a k e r e m n a p u d i h e k i r a d t a b i k A . a n r u p m e s g n a y t a k a r a y s a m n a r a n e b e k a y n g n a li
1
CHAPTERI N O I T C U D O R T N I
a B .
A ckgroundoft heStudy
, s e it e i c o s d n a , s n o i g il e r , s e r u tl u c y n a m n i , s e ir u t n e c t u o h g u o r h
T people
e v a
h been dreaming and l onging for t he i dea lsocieites i n which every aspec to f
s o r p d n a y p p a h e r a s n e z it i c l l a d n a l l e w y lt c e fr e p s e o g y t e i c o s e h
t perou swtiht he
e c n e s b
a o fpain, pove try ,confilc,t and death .The concep to fheaven and the
d n a , h si w e J , c i m a ls I e h t e r a n e d E f o n e d r a
G Chrsiitantiyi dea sof i dea lplaces in
ts i x e m o d e e rf h c i h
w becauseo fsomeenilghtenment .s Simlia rconcept so fpe frec t
e c a l
p s nc oa a sl bef ound inHindusim wtiht heconcep to fMokshaandBuddhsim
e t a l e r s t p e c n o c e s e h t r e v e w o H . a n a v ri N f o t p e c n o c h ti
w to the tsate o fmind ,
h c i h
w may lead to enilghtenmen tthrough conitnuou smedtiaiton ,in tsead o fa
. e c a l p e t e r c n o c
l f o s k r o w e h t f o e m o
S tieratureha sbeenr e lfecitngthedesrie so fhumantiy
T . s e ir u t n e c r o f e fi l l a e d i d n
a he mythica lArcadia a sdepicted by Si rPhliilp
e c n a m o r e s o r p s i h n i y e n d y
S The Old Arcadia (1580) i saslo a well-known
n a n o n o it p ir c s e
d idea lplace which created t he image sof pe frec tciviilzaitonsi n
. ts a p e h
t Thi skind o fna rraitve and society i siden itifed a sutopia .In 1516 the
” a i p o t u “ f o n o it o
n 1 meaning “no place” ha sbeen common knowledge isnce t he
1Thet ermutopiareferst ot hegenreo fifcitonst hatr epresen tani dea lbu tnonexi tsentpoilitca land
. e fi l f o y a w l a i c o
s I tdeirve s rfomUtopia (1515-16) ,abook wirtten i n Laitn by t heRenasisance d
h c i h w e r o M s a m o h T r i S t si n a m u
h escirbe sa pefrec tcommonweatlh.M orecreated hi sitlteby r
o " a i p o t u e " s d r o w k e e r G e h t g n is u
f good place and "outopia "o rno place .The fris tutopian k
r o w y r a r e ti
l sw a Plato' sRepubilc l(atte rfoutrh centuryB.C). ,which depicst et h eterna lIdeao r n
a c t a h t h tl a e w n o m m o c a f o m r o
F bei mtiated bypoilitca lorganizaitonsi nt herea lwo lrd .Mos t s
a i p o t
2
d e lt it n e k o o b s ’ e r o o M s a m o h T f o g n i h si l b u
p Utopia .Thi ssitmulated people to
a f o n o it a e r c e h t d e s u a c h c i h w , s e it e i c o s e l b is s o p t s r o w e h t g n i n i g a m i t r a ts
. a i p o ts y d y l e m a n , a i p o t u o t e r n e g r e t n u o
c
s u o d l
A Huxley’sdy tsopian2 novel ,BraveNew World(1932) ,was t hef ris t
e z i n g o c e r y l e d i
w d l tierary work which depicted future i n a pes ismsiitc way .The
, y t e i c o
s which exi tss a ta itme 600 year s rfom now , i sruled by the Wo lrd
. st c e j b u s e h t f o s s e n i p p a h d n a e r u s a e l p f o y c a m ir p e h t n i a t n i a m o h w s r e ll o rt n o C
it e m a s e h t t a e e rf d n a y p p a h g n i e b t a h t e m u s s a s r e l u r e s e h t r e v e w o
H me i s
f o s e s s e c o r p o t d e t c e j b u s e r a , e r o f e r e h t , s n e z it i c e h T . e l b is s o p m
i conrtolilng in
y ll a t n e m d n a y ll a c is y h p e r a y e h t h c i h
w condiitoned t o voluntarliy sac ir ifce t hei r
s s e n i p p a h f o e k a s e h t r o f m o d e e
rf .
s e h t t e s s r e ll o rt n o C e h t , s n e z it i c e h t l o rt n o c o
T ociety based upon three
s e l p i c n ir
p —Communtiy ,Identtiy , and Stablitiy .These become the motto and
y t e i c o s e h t f o y g o l o e d
i , da n these p irnciples move t hem t o ensureef ifciencyand
b a ts e s i y t e i c o s e h T . y ti li b a
ts lsihed through mas sproduciton and consumpiton,
, n o it a c u d
e a nd siolaitons .Mas sproduciton i sappiled to produce commodiites .
, s d e e n y li a d s a h c u s , s g n i h t f o t si s n o c y l n o t o n o d s e it i d o m m o c e s e h T
a i p o t u e h T . r e l e v a
rt mainlyaimsa svehicle sfo rsaitre on contemporary human l fieand society . s
' n o s n h o J l e u m a
S Rassela s(1759 )presenstt he"HappyValley, "whichf unciton sa sagenltesatrie n
r o b b u ts s ' y ti n a m u h n
o bu thopeles sdreamo fautopia . tI i sdepictedt ha tRassela s ifnd souttha t e
d o m o
n ofl fieavaliablei nthi swo lrdguarantee shappines .sHeaslo ifgures to u thatt heUtopian i
s e h si w n a m u h l l a f o n o it c a f si t a
s n the Happy Valley i smaintained ismply ot replace the w
s e ri s e d d e t a rt s u rf f o s s e n i p p a h n
u tiht heunhappines so fboredom. SeeM.H .Abrams ,AGlossary n
o it i d E h t n e v e S : s m r e T y r a r e ti L f
o (Massachusetts :HeinleandHeinle ,1999 )327-3 28.
2 hT e term dy tsopia o r"bad place "refers to work so f ifciton ,including science ifciton ,tha t
represen taveryunpleasantimaginarywolrdi nwhichunpleasanttendencie so fou rpresen tsocial , ,l
a c it il o
p and technologica lorde rare projected into a dsiasrtou sfuture society. Example sare s
u o d l
A Huxley' sBraveNewWo lrd(1932) ,GeorgeOrwel'l s1984(1949) ,andMargare tAtwood' s
e l a T s ' d i a m d n a H e h
T (1986) .SeeM.H .Abrams ,AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms :SeventhEdiiton
) 9 9 9 1 , e l n i e H d n a e l n i e H : st t e s u h c a s s a M
3
. s n a m u h e d u l c n i o sl a y e h t t u b , s g u r d d n a , st n e m n i a tr e t n e , n o it a tr o p s n a
rt To
y ti l a u q d n a r e b m u n e h t l o rt n o
c oft he ciitzens, t heConrtollers apply irgidconrto l
. n r o b r e g n o l o n e r a e l p o e p ; n o it c u d o r p e r f
o They are produced i n t he l aboratory
e h t r e v o s e s s e c o r p l a c i g o l o i b n i a tr e c r e d n u e r a y e h t d n a s e b u t f o d n a s u o h t e d is n i
. s e n il y l b m e s s
a Thereforedi fferentt ype so fpeople are createdandcondiitonedt o
y b d e ll o rt n o c s i e r u t c u rt s l a c it il o p e h T . y t e i c o s n i s e c a l p n i a tr e c e k a
t Alphas ,and
f o s k r o w e h t f o e s u a c e b l l e w s n u r y t e i c o s e h
t Betas ,s -ub humanGammas ,Detlas ,
g n ir u d l o h o c l a h ti w d e n o si o p e r a o h w s n o li s p E d n
a produciton so t hat t hey can
. y lt n e d n e p e d n i k n i h t t o n t u b k r o
w 3 Consumersim i saslo encouraged among t he
r e w o p c i m o n o c e e r o m n i a g o t r e d r o n i s n e z it i
c . Educaiton i svery crucia l isnce
i w y t e i c o s e h t e t a n i m o d o t e l b a e r a s r e ll o rt n o C e h t s s e c o r p s i h t h g u o r h
t thou t
h T . e c r o
f e way sthey educate the chlidren, ba iscally ,depend son two majo r
o e N ; s e u q i n h c e
t -Pavlovian proces sand hypnopaedia. oIs laiton sare essenita lto
f o n o it a l u p o p e h t l o rt n o
c et h savagessot hatt heywouldno tdi tsurbt he tsablitiyo f
si t i d n a e t a t S d lr o W e h t f o n o it a z il i v i c e h
t aslo i mpo trant t o keep o fft hose who
n i e v il s n e z it i c e h t , tl u s e r e h t s A . e t a t S d lr o W e h t f o s n o it c ir ts e r e h t e s o p p o
n o d y e h t , r e v e w o H . y ti li b a ts d n a y ti r e p s o r
p o treailze o fthe explotiaiton they
r e d n u e c n e ir e p x
e the captialsi tsociety isnce the Conrtoller shave masked the
d e tr e s n i e r a h c i h w s e s s e c o r p g n i n o it i d n o c d n i m h g u o r h t n o it a ti o l p x
e ,especially,
. n o it a c u d e h g u o r h
t
c i p e d e v o b a e h t o t d e t a l e
R iton on Huxley’ s futursiitc society , i t i s
a i p o ts y d t a h t d e t a c i d n
i si no tmerelyones ub-genreofl tieraryworks ,bu t ti si a slo
4
d r a w o t m si c it ir c
a theexplotiaiton fo thedominan tclass.4Moreove ,r I nternaitona l
n o it a i c o s s A g n i d a e
R tsate s tha t atlhough dy tsopian novel s usually presen t a
ll a u t c a e r a s l e v o n e s e h t , d lr o w c it si r u t u
f y closely related to the contemporary
. n i e v il s r o h t u a e h t y t e i c o s e h t f o s n o it i d n o c l a c it il o p d n a l a i c o
s 5 A sHuxley
f o t r a p n o it c u d o rt n i e h t n i s n o it n e
m Brave New World tha tthe main reason h e
r e tf a t h g ir A S U e h t f o n o it a n i m o d g n is ir e h t o t n r e c n o c s i h s a w l e v o n s i h t s e ti r w
e h t f o d n e e h
t Fris tWo lrd Wa .r6 Huxleywas t er ir ifed byt he emergingeconomic
e u q e s n o c t n a s a e l p n u t h g u o r b t a h t A S U e h t n i y ti li b a ts l a i c o s d n a r e w o
p ncest ot he
e h t d e c u d e r s e l p u o c e r o m , a d n a g a p o r p o t d e t c e j b u s e r a y e h t s a h c u s , s n e z it i c
e l p o e p e r o m d n a , s e c r o v i d f o r e b m u n e h t d e s a e r c n i t a h t s e g a ir r a m f o s e u l a v
s n o it c ir f e l k c a t o t l u f e s u y r e v s a w a d n a g a p o r P . x e s e e rf n i e v l o v n i t o g d n a d e e r g a
o s e h t n
i ciety7and rfees exwasi ncreasedt ocompensatet here ts ircted rfeedomi n
. c i m o n o c e d n a c it il o
p 8Thu ,st her uler sencouragedt heuse o fpropagandaand t he
.s n e z it i c e h t f o e d u ti v r e s e h t n i a t n i a m o t r e d r o n i y ti u c si m o r p x e s f o m o d e e
rf 9
h t d e r e d is n o c y e l x u
H e USA a sthe mode lo fdystopian society tha twill
g n it ir w e m it s i h m o rf s r a e y n e e tf if f o r e tt a m e h t n i y l n o , s p a h r e p , e u rt e m o
c Brave
4DuyguErsoy ,“Manipulaitono fHi tsoryandLanguagei nThreeDy tsopia,s”dsi .s ,MiddleEas tU ,
: P T F e l b a li a v A . 4 1 0 2 n a J 4 2 , t e n r e t n I , e n il n
o http://etd.ilb.metu.edut./rupload/12607679i/ndex.pdf.
5“Dy tsopias :DeifniitonandCharactersiitc .s”Read ,Wrtie ,andThink ,onilneI nternet ,8May
: P T F e l b a li a v A . 3 1 0 2
.f d p .s c it si r e t c a r a h C n o it i n if e D / 6 2 9 n o s s e l/ s e g a m i _ n o s s e l/ g r o . k n i h t e ti r w d a e r. w w w // : p tt h
6Aldou sHuxley,BraveNewWo lrd(Middlesex :PenguinBook sLtd. ,1959 )13.
7Huxley12.
8Huxley13- .1 4
5
d l r o W w e
N . Inthi snovel ,Huxleyprojectedt hefutursiitcwo lrd isxhundred year s
e r u t u f e h t n
i so a sthe reader swould see the book a ssome kind o fprophecie s
, e r u t u f e h t n I . e r u t u f e h t t u o b
a according to Aldou sHuxley, the leader swould
d e z ir a ti li m , e v it c u rt s e d , l a n o it a n f o r e b m u n a n e e w t e b e s o o h c o t e v a h
r o m si n a ir a ti l a t o
t weflare-tyrannyo fonesupra-naitonal t otaltia iran simi nordert o
o i c o s n i a t n i a m d n a h si l b a ts
e -economic tsablitiy.10 Meanwhlie , in the novel ,
a s a y t e i c o s e h t st c i p e d e H . r e t a l e h t s e s o o h c y e l x u
H n economicallysecured one
s r e l u r e h t y ti li b a ts d n a y c n e i c if f e r o f d e e n e h t r e d n u d n
a conrto lthe ciitzens ’
. s g n i n o it i d n o c f o s e u q i n h c e t e m o s h g u o r h t s d n i m
y
M hypothe is s tsate stha tthe society depicted in Huxley’s Brave New
d l r o
W i sar epresentaitonf o rcaptialsimi nt he 219 0 sAmeircans ociety. I tporrtay s
y t e i c o s n a c ir e m A e h t f o s e u s si m si l a ti p a c e h
t int hes enset hat t heTenConrtoller s
t n e s e r p e r e h t e r
a aiton s o f the dominant clas s o r explotiers who bulid theri
n o it a n i m o
d through the hegemonic proces sin which they manage the society
h g u o r h
t consen.t I nt hi scase, t heConrtoller sdevelop sce trainpoilciest ha tenable
y t e i c o s e h
t tomaximizeeconomicpower ,especiallyt hroughmas sproducitonand
. n o it p m u s n o
c A s tsated in the previou s paragraph , Huxley’ s dy tsopian nove l
d l r o W w e N e v a r
B can be seen a sa c iritcsim toward contemporary socia land
. n o it i d n o c l a c it il o
p Due to thi sargument ,thi s the is sdevelops a tsudy abou t
d r a w o t m si c it ir
c captialsimof t he1920 sAme ircan society. eT h isgni ifcan tpoints
c e h t h g u o r h t d e z i c it ir
c haracter sin the nove lare the ruilng class ’explotiaiton s
e h t d r a w o
t lowe r class through the mean s of mas sproduciton , consumpiton,
0
6
s n o it a l o si d n a , n o it a c u d
e .Theconrtols oft hesedomains ea r provent obeeffecitve
e h T . y t e i c o s y r a n i g a m i e h t n i y ti li b a ts e t u l o s b a g n it a e r c n
i captialsi texplotiaiton
h g u o r h t n e e s e b n a
c thecharactersdepictedi nt henove;ltheDriecto ro fHatchery
g n i n o it i d n o C d n
a , Lenina Crowne ,Mu tsapha Mond ,Bernard Marx ,Helmhotlz
, n o st a
W Linda , and John the Savage. Thei r expe irence s aslo give clea r
n o it p ir c s e
d s abou tthe e ffect so fthe explotiaiton toward the ciitzen sand thei r
n o it c a e
r s towardt her uler’ sexplotiaiton.
n o n e m o n e h p x e l p m o c e h t s t c i p e d y e l x u H w o
H o fcaptialsi t tsate in the
t e k r a m , s n o it c u d o r p e r n a m u h f o s s e c o r p e h t g n it a r e g g a x e y b s 0 2 9 1 f o d o ir e p
, n o it a c u d e , y m o n o c
e sexuailites ,media, t echnology ,drug sand inte trwines t hem
h ti
w everyday lfie story into a sait irca lnove lo fideas ,rasie my interes tto do
s a b h c r a e s e
r ed onhi swork. Atlhough heprojecst t he tsorya s fi i thappens i n t he
s e u s si e h t , e r u t u
f revealed in the tsory are relevan tto today’ s sisue srelated to
. m si l a ti p a
c Therefore ,reading hi swork on t he sisue so fcaptialsim wli lopen t he
t a h t s d n i m ’ s r e d a e
r ltierature si no tmerely an expres ison o fatr ,but i taslo the
f o m si c it ir c d n a h ti w n o it c a f si t a s si d f o n o is s e r p x
e socia land poilitcal r eailite .s tI
d n a l a i c o s y a d y r e v e e h t y d u ts d n a t c e lf e r o t a is e n o d n I n i s r e d a e r e h t e ri p s n i ll i w
s a s n o it i d n o c l a c it il o
p theywli lgeti ntot her ealmoft he tsateconrtoslt owardst he
d e l a e c n o c s n o it a l u p i n a m l a t n e m d n a l a c is y h p h g u o r h t s n e z it i
c under t he pe frec t
f o s s e n e r a w a e h t e si a r o sl a y a m k r o w s ’ y e l x u H g n i d n a ts r e d n U . y t e i c o s y p p a h d n a
a l f o r e w o p e h t d r a w o t s r e d a e r e h
t nguage i n t he society, t hus t he r eader sneed t o
l u f d n i m e
b and careful to anykind o fgovernmen’t spo ilcie srelated t o l aw sand
s w e n , s r e d r
7
l a c it il o p d n a l a i c o s l a e r e h t e t a c ir b a f o t s a i d e
m condiiton sand to persuade the
. y g o l o e d i s ’ e t a ts e h t w o ll o f o t y t e i c o s li v i
c
e h
T tsudyi sdividedi nto ifvechapters .Thef ris tchapter sit heinrtoduciton
e h t s y a l p si d r e ti r w e h t e r e h
w beginning which t elsl t he background of t he tsudy ,
d n a e p o c s e h
t ilmtiaiton o fthe tsudy ,the research quesitons in the tsudy ,the
, y d u ts e h t f o d o h t e m e h t , y d u ts e h t f o n o it n e t n
i and t he urgency of t he study .In
e h t f o t c e j b o e h t , r e t p a h c d n o c e s e h
t tsudy ,the related tsudie ,s the ltierature
s e ir o e h
t , and theoreitca l framework are presented . In the thrid chapte r the
n i s n e z it i c e h t y b e n o g r e d n u s n o it a ti o l p x
e the society unde r the regime o f
e t a ts t si l a ti p a
c a sdepictedi nt henove lareexamined throught hedepicitons oft he
s r e t c a r a h
c ’expe irences menitoned above .The fou trh chapte reilcist t he c iritcsim
e t a ts t si l a ti p a c d r a w o
t by reveailng the impact s of tsate conrtol s toward the
n o it c a e r r i e h t d n a , s n e z it i
c s toward the conrtosl . Finally , the if tfh chapte r
s e z ir a m m u
s and concludesal lo fthe answer sof t he r esearch quesitonsexplained
. r e t p a h c h tr u o f d n a d ri h t e h t n i
y d u t S e h t f o n o it a ti m i L d n a e p o c S . B
s e h t y fi r a l c o t y a w a h c u s n i d e ti m il s i h c r a e s e r e h
T cope of t he sisues ,
s w e i v f o s t n i o p d n a , s e ir o e h
t elaborated in ti .Mainly ,t hsi research tackle sthe
c it si r u t u f d e t a r e g g a x e e h t f o s n e z it i c e h t y b e n o g r e d n u s n o it a ti o l p x e f o s e u s si
s ’ y e l x u H s u o d l A n i d e t c i p e d y t e i c o
s BraveNew World ,namely t he Wo lrd State .
si y d u ts s i h t n i d e l k c a t t n i o p r e h t o n
A thesocia lc iritcsimt oward stheexplotiaitons
r e h t y b e n o
8
e h t n i d e t a ts s
A backgroundoft he tsudy ,BraveNew World i sady tsopian
m si c it ir c a s a s n o it c n u f h c i h
w o ef t h rtend so fsocia land poilitca lcondiiton s
e v il r o h t u a e h t e r e h
w d .i n Thi smeanst ha tady tsopiannovel i scloselyconnected
d e c n e u lf n i si t i , e s a c s i h t n I .r o h t u a e h t f o n o is n e m i d l a i c o s e h t y b d e n o it i d n o c d n a
n i g r e m e w e n e h t f o r a e f s ’ y e l x u H y
b g captialsi two lrd in the ea lry 1920s ;the
t si l a ti p a c a s a A S U e h t w a s y e l x u H . A S
U societywhere t he ctiizens ’ rfeedom si
y ti li b a ts n i a t n i a m o t r e d r o n i s y a w n i a tr e c n i d e t c ir ts e
r and progres .s11 They are
o T . n o g n i o g p e e k n o it p m u s n o c d n a n o it c u d o r p f o s e l c y c e h t t a h t o s d e ti o l p x e
e t a ts e h t , n o it i d n o c s i h t n i a t n i a
m condiitoned the mind so fthe ciitzens through
s n o it u ti ts n i d n a a i d e m f o s d n i k s u o ir a
v .12 As t he resulst ,some mora land socia l
s e c r o v i d f o r e b m u n g n is a e r c n i e h t s a h c u s , y t e i c o s e h t n i p u e m a c s e u s
si ,frees ex ,
s r e s u s g u r d d n
a .These i ssue sarose as t he compensaiton of t he ciitzen s’ ilm tied
e s a c s i h t n i d n a , m o d e e
rf , the tsate encouraged t he rfeedom o fgetitng marirage
s g u r d g n is u d n a , x e s e e rf g n i v a h , e c r o v i d g n it t e g f o m o d e e rf e h t ll e w s a s e s n e c il
. e d u ti v r e s ’ s n e z it i c e h t n i a t n i a m d l u o w s m o d e e r f e s e h t e c n
is 13
h t h ti w n o it a l e r n
I e sisue so fexplotiaiton, i n t hi s tsudy, t hewrtie rappiles
t si x r a M f o s e v it c e p s r e p e h
t theory in order to i dentfiy t he sisue so fexplotiaiton s
d n
a to clarfiy the socia lc iritcsim driected t o et h rulers’ explotiaitons toward t he
s n e z it i c s s a l c r e w o
l .Marxsi tperspecitve slead to an approach tha tshow sthe
o i c o s e h t n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e
r -economic baseandl tierature ,andi tshowst hat t he
1
1 Aldou sHuxley ,BraveNewWo lrd(Middlesex :PenguinBook sLtd. ,1959) .x v 2
1 Huxleyxv. 3
9
.s s a l c l a i c o s r e h r o s i h y b d e c n e u lf n i si r o h t u
a 14 Marx si tperspecitve sasloconfrim
e h t f o y ti l a e r l a i c o s e h t t a h
t autho rwli lalway sbepar toft het ex t isnceauthor scan
. d n u o r g k c a b l a i c o s r i e h t d n a y g o l o e d i e p a c s e y l e t e l p m o c r e v e
n 15 I tmean stha t
d n a l a i c o s n i st x e t g n i d n a ts r e d n u h ti w d e n r e c n o c h c a o r p p a n a s i m si c it ir c t si x r a M
t s e h c a o r p p a t si x r a M . t x e t n o c l a c ir o ts i
h o l anguage, l tierature ,and cutlure t endt o
y b d e t a l u m r o f s a e g n a h c l a c it il o p d n a c i m o n o c e f o s l e d o m e h t m o rf d e p o l e v e d e b
e h t m o rf n a h t r e h t a r d e si v e d m si x r a M f o s r e d n u o f r e h t o e h t d n a , sl e g n E , x r a M
d n a e r u t a r e ti l t u o b a d i a s y e h t s g n i h t l a t n e d i c n i d n a w e
f a tr .Thu ,s t hi sapproach
e s a b c i m o n o c e e h t n e e w t e b s n o it a l e r , n o it c u d o r p f o s e d o m o t n o it n e tt a h c u m s e v i g
e r u t c u rt s r e p u s d n
a ,power ,powelressness ,andempowermen.t16
n o it a ti o l p x e f o s e u s si e h t y fi t n e d i o
T conducted byt he captial si t tsate, t he
r e ti r
w u s se Gramsc’i stheory o fhegemony .The hegemonic proces si sclosely
s s a l c t n a n i m o d e h t h c i h w n i s s e c o r p a s i y n o m e g e h e c n is y g o l o e d i o t d e t a l e r
. t n e s n o c h g u o r h t y g o l o e d i ri e h t o t e v e il e b s s a l c d e t a n i m o d e h t e k a m o t t p m e tt
a To
e h t y fi t n e d
i role of i deology ,especially ti srole t o maintain explotiaiton t hrough
e h t s e il p p a r e ti r w e h t , s e s s e c o r p g n i n o it i d n o c d n i
m theory o f “Ideology and
. r e s s u h tl A s i u o L y b ” s e s u t a r a p p A e t a t S l a c i g o l o e d
I The theory fo Atlhusse r
r
p ovides ht e background knowledge supporitng t he evidences f ound i n t henovel
on the sisue sof governmen tconrtosl ,thei rtechniques ,and aslo the impact so f
s e u q i n h c e t ri e h
t toward t he ciitzens .These t heo ire sare aslo very useful t oosl t o
4
1 Han sBetrens ,LtieraryTheory :TheBa iscs(NewYork :Roultedge ,1995 )89. 5
1 Betren s90.
6
1 Rob Pope ,TheEngilsh Studie sBook: An Introduciton t o Language ,Ltierature ,and Cutlure.
5 0 1 ) 2 0 0 2 , e g d e lt u o R : n o d n o L
0 1
f o s s e c o r p e h t t si s s
a eilciitng the socia lc iritcsim toward captialsim .The sisue s
s is e h t si h t n i d e t a r o b a l
e canbe seent hrought hepoint so fview sof t hecharacter s
; l e v o n e h t n i d e y a rt r o
p Mu tsapha Mond , the Driecto r o f Hatchery and
g n i n o it i d n o
C ,LeninaCrowne ,Linda, BernardMarx ,HelmhotlzWaston ,an dJohn
e g a v a S e h
t . eTh se character spicture the charactersiitc so fcaptiail ts society in
e h t r e d n u e v il o t e v a h y e h t h c i h
w tsable bu t nightmarsih society wtihou t
. h t u rt e h t g n i n o it s e u q
.
C ResearchQuesitons
n
I conducitngt hsir esearch,t woquesiton saref ormulatedt os cruitnizet he
t n e m n r e v o g f o s l o rt n o c e t u l o s b
a undergonebyt heindividuasli nt het otaltia iran
s ’ y e l x u H n i d e t c i p e d s a y t e i c o
s BraveNewWorld .Ther esearchquesiton sare:
.
1 Howdot hecharactersi nHuxley’ sBraveNewWorldporrtayt he
n o it a ti o l p x
e oft hecaptialsi t tsate?
.
2 Howi sthecaptialsi texplotiaitonc iritcizedthrought hecharactersi n
s ’ y e l x u
H BraveNewWorld?
e v it c e j b O .
D s oft heStudy
w o h l a e v e r o t m i a e h t h ti w d e t c u d n o c s a w y d u ts s i h
T people in the
ts il a ti p a
c societyareexplotied .Byt hemean soft heconcepts o fMarxsi tc iritcsim ,
si h
t tsudy i s aimed to revea l the injusitce a s the resutl o f dominan t class’
n o it a ti o l p x
e through the processe so fmas sproduciton and interpellaiton in the
s i tI . y t e i c o
s a sloaimed t ouncovert hei mpact so fthegovernmen texplotiaitons to
y t e i c o s e h
t in genera land to the individual s ilving in the society. Beside sthe
st n i o p e s e h t f o s is y l a n
1 1
o t s e i g e t a rt s e v it c e ff
e create conformtiy and socia lorde rin the society through
y ti n a m u h f o s e u l a v d e t a c ir b a f d n a w e
n bywhicht hegovernmen tdoe sno tneedt o
s n o is s e r p p o l a c is y h p y n a e v l o v n
i .
.
E Methodoft heStudy
i h
T sthe is sappiled a ilbrary research to ifnd impo tran tsource sfo rthe
s m e l b o r p e h t f o s is y l a n
a formulated .The source sare dividedi nto t wot ypes .The
e h t s a w t s ri
f p irmary source and the second wa sthe secondary sources .The
s a w y d u ts s i h t f o e c r u o s y r a m ir
p Aldou sHuxley’ sBraveNew World(1932) .The
e r e w s e c r u o s y r a d n o c e
s book sand stie s rfom the interne twhich d sicussed the
,s e i d u ts d e t a l e r f o w e i v e r e h t , y d u ts e h t f o s t c e j b
o and t he t heo ire so fhegemony
i c s m a r G o i n o t n A y b d e t a l u m r o
f ,and t he t heo ire sofi deology andsocial f unciton
r e s s u h tl A s i u o L y
b .
v e r e h
T iew o frelated tsudie spresent sthe review so f tsudie sconducted
s ’ y e l x u H d r a w o
t Brave New World a sret ireved rfom interne tsties ,Gramsc’i s
m o rf n e k a t e r e w y n o m e g e h f o s e ir o e h
t book senitltedSelectedo fPrisonNotebook
d n a ) 1 7 9 1
( Antonio Gramsc i (2006 ) by Steve Jones . The theo ires o f Lou si
n o r e s s u h tl
A “Ideology and Ideologica lApparatuses” were t aken rfom hi sbook
d e lt it n
e LeninandPhliosophy ,andOthe rEssay s(1971).
r e ti r w e h t , ts ri F . k r o w s i h t g n i z y l a n a n i d e s u s p e ts n i a tr e c e r e w e r e h T
e h t d n a ts r e d n u o t r e d r o n i y l e v i s n e h e r p m o c e c r u o s n i a m e h t g n i d a e r h ti w n a g e b
e h t d e n i m a x e r e ti r w e h t , e c r u o s y r a m ir p e h t g n i d a e r n I . y r o
ts charactersiitcs and
s e u s si e h
t o fthe society revealed by the character sin the novel .A tfe rtha tthe
e h t t u o d e r u g if r e ti r
2 1
t n e m n r e v o g e v it a ti o l p x e e h t o t sl a u d i v i d n i e h t f o s n o it c a e r e h
t a sdepicted in t he
. k r o w y r a r e ti l
t a n
I temptt o lookf or t he answer sof t her esearch quesitons formulatedi n
e h t g n it c e ll o c y b e n o d s a w p e ts d n o c e s e h t ,r e t p a h c t s ri f e h
t data abou tsevera l
d e t c u d n o c s e i d u
ts ont henovel ,t ohe ire so fhegemonybyGramsc iandt heo ires on
y b y g o l o e d i f o e l o r e h
t Atlhusser. The t hrid tsepwa sanswe irngt heproblemst ha t
a w p e ts s i h T . r e t p a h c t s ri f e h t n i d e t a l u m r o f n e e b d a
h sdonebyapplyingt heview s
si s y l a n a t si x r a M f
o on explotiaiton in orde rto examine the charactersiitcs and
s e u s
si o fthe society .Fu trhe rthe theo ire s formulated by Marxsi tphliosophers ,
f o s e ir o e h t e h t y ll a i c e p s
e hegemony and “Ideology and Ideologica l State
s e s u t a r a p p
A ” wereappiled t o analyzet he impact so ftheexplotiaiton t hrough t he
f o s n a e
m absolute conrtols ove rmas sproduciton da n m s find o the ci itzen sas t he
f o t l u s e
r ther ulers ’desrieovers ocia l tsabli tiyandef ifciency .
F .Urgencyoft heStudy
y lr a l u c it r a
P ,thi s tsudy i smean tto give a cont irbuiton to the Englsih
e g a u g n a
L Studie sby presenitng a new in isgh ton Huxley’ sBrave New World
h g u o r h
t t he perspecitve o fMarxsi tphliosophers ,especially t hrough t he view o f
t si x r a M h c n e r F d n a i c s m a r G o i n o t n A t si n u m m o C n a il a
tI L uo i sAtlhuss re .Thi s
s si e h t sl a e v e r h c a o r p p
a ue son t he socia linjusitces caused by t he explotiaiton o f
s ’ y e l x u H n i n e e s s a e m i g e r n a ir a ti l a t o
t Brave New World. In t hsi case t his tsudy
n o it c n u f y a
m no tonlya samedium t oexpresst he i maginaitonof t heautho rona
n o it c n u f y a m o sl a t i t u b , y t e i c o s c it si r u t u f , n o it c if n i a tr e
c sa amediumt ovoicet he
s e u s si d e c n e li
3 1
,s is y l a n
a thi s tsudy si a slo presented to en irch the kind so fresearche sin the
d u t S e g a u g n a L h si l g n
E i es and ltierary research in genera.l Finally ,the tsudy i s
t n a c if i n g
is toopent heawarenes soft her eader sont he sisue so fhumantiyf oundi n
e h
t exaggeratedcontemporarys ociety hw ti thehopeo fcreaitngabetters ocietyi n
4 1
CHAPTERI I W E I V E R E R U T A R E T I L
.
A Objec toft heStudy
l e v o n s ’ y e l x u H s u o d l A f o e n o h ti w s l a e d s is e h t si h
T s Brave New World .
d e h si l b u p d n a 1 3 9 1 n i n e tt ir w s a w k r o w s i h
T ni the following yea ;r i ti sa
it n a r o n a i p o ts y
d -utopian novel .In i t the autho r quesiton sthe value so fthe
n i d lr o w c it si r u t u f a y a rt r o p o t y n o ri d n a e ri t a s d e s u e H . 1 3 9 1 n i y t e i c o s n o d n o L
h si ti r B n i s c it ir c y r a r o p m e t n o c e h t f o y n a m y b e m e rt x e d e r e d is n o c n e tf o h c i h w
. y t e i c o s n a c ir e m A d n
a Thi snove lbrough thim internaitona lfame .Atlhough i t
ti r w s a
w ten j us tbefore t he rsie o fRus isan dictator ,Joseph Stailn, t he nove lwa s
n i n e e s s a m si n a ir a ti l a t o t f o n o is i v m ir g d n a k r a d f o d n i k e h t h ti w d e m a rf t o n
s ’l l e w r O e g r o e
G 1984.
l l a e l p o e P . e r u t u f e h t n i s r a e y d e r d n u h x is n o d n o L n i t e s s i y r o ts e h T
d lr o w e h t d n u o r
a are par to fa t otaltia iran tsate , rfee rfom war ,harted ,pove try ,
l a c is y h p d n a , h tl a e w l a ir e t a m , e m it e r u si e l y o j n e y e h T . n i a p d n a , e s a e si d
e r u s a e l
p s . However , the ten people in charge o f the wo lrd , the Conrtollers ,
i w t d n a m o d e e rf f o s m r o f ts o m e t a n i m il
e s taroundmany rtadiitonallyheldhuman
e u l a v y li r a m ir p y e h T . y t e i c o s g n i n n u r y l h t o o m s e h t n i a t n i a m o t r e d r o n i s e u l a v
. s s e r g o r p d n a n o it a z i d r a d n a ts
e h t l o rt n o c d n a e z i d r a d n a ts o t t p m e tt a s r e ll o rt n o C e h t t a h t n e e s e b n a c t I
n a m u h f o n o it a l u p o p d n a y ti l a u
q being sthrough conrtolled mas sproduciton in
y t e n i n e k a m o t y g o l o n h c e t e s u y e h T . s e ir o t c a
5 1
. s e v il e r u t u f ri e h t r o f m e h t n o it i d n o c o t d n a g g
e Thebabie sarer asiedt ogethe rand
r h t d e n o it i d n o c e r a r o i v a h e b d n a d n i m r i e h
t ough lseep teaching .Therefore ,a s
e h t m o r f , s e s s a l c l a i c o s e v if f o t r a p s a s e l o r r i e h t ll if l u f o t e l b a e r a y e h t ,s tl u d a
, s n o li s p E d e g n e ll a h c y ll a t n e m e h t o t , s e ir o t c a f e h t n u r o h w , s a h p l A t n e g il l e t n i
.s e ir o t c a f e h t n i r o b a l e h t f o t s o m o d o h
w Sincet hei rlfie siconrtolled,t heys pend
e m it r i e h
t inaccordancet ot heacitviitest ha tarea llowedt odobyt heConrtollers .
d n a s s e l m r a h h ti w s e v l e s m e h t g n i g l u d n i e r a y e h t ,s e ir o t c a f e h t n i g n i k r o w r e tf A
. s e it i v it c a t r o p s d n a t n e m n i a tr e t n e s s e l d n i m
l u f e c a e p e h
T and tsable society o fLondon i sshaken by the coming o f
n a n i d e t a c o l d lr o w e h t f o a e r a d e ll o rt n o c n u e h t m o rf n a m a , e g a v a S e h t n h o J
. o c i x e M w e N n i n o it a v r e s e r n a i d n
I Johnwtih hi suno trhodox i deal squesitonst he
y t e i c o
s andi n tsanltybecomest hecente rofatteniton .Mu tsaphaMond ,oneof
