POLITENESS STRATEGY IN THE SECOND PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE CAMPAIGN OF UNITED STATES 2008 : BARRACK OBAMA AND JOHN McCAIN.

POLMENESS STRATDGY IN TFE

SECOND

PRESIDDNTIAL

DtrBATtr CAMPAIGN

OF

UNITOD STATES

2OO8:

AARRICK

OBAIU'1

D JOEN

M6CAIN

A

Ttelis

Subnit

,l

it

P.,tial

F,trdburt

to

tt.

,sqait

turt

Jot th. D.erte ol

s'tjuo s'sta

FEMILA SARI nEG.05135053

ENGLISIT

DEPARTMENT

.

FACIJLTY

OF

Lf,T'TERS

ANDALAS

UNIWRSITY

?ADANC

ABSTRAK

Skripsi

iri

Dcnsuaiktu

tenl

E pensgunaaD srmle8i k$annmrn (P,1re,s'J

,!r,?rcsf)

yds

ditenrukd

ddan

dcbat kanparte kel'esidend ,\merika kedua,

anrad

Bmck

Obama dar John Mccain Debat

kdpeye

ini

ncnyaiik.n

ht-ht

sep urar pengcnrban _3m sisrcm peEko n on i m Amenka. Penelition ini benu.jutu unuk

hcndaah

jenhjenh

staicgi kesanlme yans disunalld olch licdua anli dcb0r

selana dcbat berlangrung

de

tunssi dari p.nggunMn

sHlegi

rene6(

Dau

dikumtulkd

denaa nrengunge3i

lido

dcbat kmDant€ kpresidenan

A

Erika

[edu

dan

intnct

y

_s dipakai sbagai

sdbd

dala.

Dai

tiea seri

rcku

vilco

yane ada" ditenukb liga smpqi

lina

uj.ran di setiap scn

]dg

meneilat priNip stalegi k€snlunM

Brow

dd

Lelinson.

Dao

diMtlisis

dc.gM

nchggunak{n

nerode prddr pEsnratik dmnetodc dkuibulional olch

sud"rymu

(1993) S€hagd

acun dalan prors penganalisMn dala digunolm Teori

kesmtun

oleh ts.own

tu,

Lelinso. (1987)

dol6ri

konteks ol eh S hentonn ( 1 99,1).

Teduan pcnclitiran nenggambdkd bahwa. penaFa, terdapat enpal slral.gl

tcsantunar

/rg

sedng disunale oleh kedua ahli debat scl@a dcbat b$longsMg

lairu

ratcgi Pdr'r/rs

I'dlld,us,

NeEatire

lolit?n!:s

BdLl

.h

Rer.td

dn!\ Oll

nc.,r1

Kcdur,

iujud

ul!n!

_tenggNao sliatesi kesartundo ol.h licdua ahli dcb adalan dnruL ncnjaga

pe.6@ lattu

bictra dan

ncnsljnd'n

lindakan yane dapdl

n@sak

hdga

diri

scndiri. Selai.

ddi

tuir

ntmo

di

016 kedua ahli dcbrr

l

l Bac kgrou nd of th€ Srudy

PolitTcs is

d

inlere$ina subjer conccming on hory pcoplc crprc$ thcir

feel ina or rhou8h. Thc subjet brines somc cotrccprs in dclivcinA .ommuiic0lion

a,noDe people. SimiLdly. polncncs as d communication s{.aresy wheE plople

ronsider several choi€s oldifc.cnl kinds Likc *har rhcy wanl ro sat how thcy say

it

d witn *hom thc! dc spcrhn!

t!

makc

r

_{sood communicarion, This}

Iar.g)

i,

\err

".

nrJ

'r

pNpl.

ro

b

dpo|

d

'

d

"o1\.-d

o" .-.

co lributs lor a grat efaect ro htrild s.ciai .elarionship lr

h$

hecn {aled hy

coltinan (in RenlenDai l 99r,l2) thdt every panicip l in social prcce$ needs !o

b. appreciated byotheE. One.lthe exampLes can be found in d0ily coive6ation

''Would you nind _{eivine ne} ! cup oflea?'

Whether qe Ealize itor ror- ihere are cenain communiotion oles rh0r mun bc

llLbwen

in

cenain contcxl

ol

silu.lion ro

prcde

social rlarionship

lhc

eraDple above, the sDerkcr uscs thc p.silive policne$ in lrder to

s[

someone

*heiher he G prcvldcd or nor. Thc sp.dlcr sh.ws hls rnnr h] eque{ins. Fnrm

the r€quest above. the utdancc inplics rhat spdkcr

des

nd1

srnt

impre

hearcfs face to do what the speaker's *rnt. Speake.

d6

iol

mean rhis uliennce

Thnuah dris conceDr, application

ol

politenes s€tegies

shich

h

Debarc.llomby(2005.p222)dciincsdcbarcas aformaldiscu$ior!osiNwskill

nndabilll_v in arluin! . Thccsscnccol$cJcbarc is ro coDvincc ihc oppoictrt

rid

$e audience regedin-solone of debaref s argumenls. Usu.lly. !debareci paig

i\

ilhRh'ied

's

'

hor aid full

ten{i.i

sttrnloi

fn'i

dehder Fr.h dehre.

!.

no ii'rees

of

campaisn rries

b

kilL. nruggle

or

even mainrain thcn nrong

ftgumetrsro anmct apprec iation fren atrdience (:on*queirly, b) haviiS

lnliof

lcnsion. rhcy

$ill

lsc polnene$ n.atey

ir

ordcr to win rhc clcdion

s$ion

elegantlyand get rhc _stoatn apprcciarion lom vor€$ tn other w..ds,lhe dehak

cM bc consnhrdl nor only as session ollhey

ar

havi'rg r debde bur

rl$

how

they erpressthenopliiois. idcas. and ILrlins throtrlh some nrdegics rlrct use.

lhe

ssnd

prelidcnrialumpaign dcbare 2003i Baftck ObarH u,d ldni

Mccain is a

[ind.l

a dcbarc or loma]dis.trssioi Nhich conmm aboutlmpotunr

isres lround soclety especi.lly

ii

cconddic issu.5 includin-q al1 missions .nd

visions ol the nominees as a e$enlirl prn ol then cmnrign _nnicers

!,

Rin ihc pT

rdc,.

elRr'o1

dd)

n

'L

i.

*.idc

rb d b' e.

r.e

op

.

L

\ld

(o

.!

'^.

--€n!isT.uesnder,r.riI\rl pr.1 lh.'r- r-pob.,

\'

o'r

Econonics Syncm oIUSA wheF mon] Americss losl dreirjob. burdened $ith

high

rles.

md lact olhcaLthy lncilnlcs Tlcrclbre. rhis dcbatc h a modia lor

cmdidatcs to disldbure ard deliver lheir ides in rcrm

ol

how to solvc this

p.!blem.

r.. rhon

thc rcscrc coiducs. Considcrin8 lhesc lem. ech candidale

h$

dieir oRn way or pld.s

t

solvc rhk problcfr. Id spne

ol

lhc dcbrt. is

co0blnine

ol

very sensitive i$Le ol economics developmenr rhere are eme

CIf,A.PTER 4

CONCI-I ]S]ON

Hlling

mdyrcd politeness slDtcsy

i.

$c

dcb{e by rclcding to Brorvn ard

Lcvin$n polileness

*nlegt

and lhe lheory ofconlexl, this r.scar.h obbins

$rcml

inreFstins l_ndins fron lhis dal!. Fist, $e

'€sarch dircoles bolh dcbdlcs apply well vanous

ki.d ol

politencss straresy durins the debarc scssion. This r.se.rch

lound

llut

lh€re de lbur doninml Polileness SlEl€gies lpDlied by

Brdck

Obtuna

ard.,ohn Mccain in the deblte: Posilivc Polileness. Negaliv. ?olileness, Ofl l{€cord

Second. the research linds thar llErc

rc

dillerences md

sinil{ities

bctwftn bolhdebarcrs i n erpEssine pol ilene$ sldtegt along lhe deba'c scssion.

lirslisaboul

diileftnces.'lhe

resdch

disc.ve^ tnar cilhcr Obma

or

Mccnin are upnllins diiercnr nodcl in usins Pohen€ss sracgy jn lhc

fom,

.s

$ei!

objeclive in

$js

d€bare aE

dillernl

Obma as lhe peMn who gcc much aLl,ck

ed

pmve the fad

defensively. He docs nol alac( much

diec!!

Mccain with his deunenl aloig

!!c

dcb.te session

il

oder to cr€ale _{a sood} elationship lor bolh

olthcmi

in thh case

posirive polireness phys m inportanl role. While.

6

lhe one who scnioi

ths

Bmack Obama

in

Plrliament, I4c Cain plals

n.tu

oiTensir€

in

lhe debatc by arla0tine

Ob@a

with

sone contovcsy arslnents 10 prcve lhe weatnesss

of

Obabi, Regardine ro hh objecrive in convincing the people obout drc nnmcial ciish

dd

\vill at@h unaroidabl. Lhrealedns acls in ir. TheEfoE Mccrin

shtnly

ombincr scvml qTes _{of Politeness staleCJ} 1o rcduc. th. tlEal.ning

entt

ol lns uLGtuce 1o

the

hffir's

f6ce,

Mo@lcl

rhis Ese.rch found lhat lhe doDinml tohcncss srdlcgy

c.mbinorion used byMccdn in this dcbalc is Posililc polilcness combinqiwilh

Ol'

Record

{nlce!

Ibcsc slnteaies

de

ver}

idp.tum

r.

dcal

wilh

any

inl.ring

sk(cnenl in an unemcc, FunhcrmoE, Mccah Ealizes lbai bc has (h. nission 10

cnrck out Ohama s nrission on

,inscisl

fmgrm

dd

releal oul all lhc Jud lrr tl'c

audience

L

vdifu lhat Obma's plans

ft

imppropriate. Tbc

u$

olcombinaridh

il

very b€nenl for Mc Cain Io reduce the Esponsibilily in expftssins

r

ullcosive

Nexl, in spite ol nmy ditrerences bdr€en Ramck Obam

ed

ronn Mccain in udlizing Polireness straLg! duing thc dcbal€

folm,

tbe research notjccs sone

simildilies belwed lhcm. One olObvious simildiLy disc.ve^ is bo$ debalers are

nor ro

!s

Donl

do FTA stdleey in thc debalc. Thceforo, bod dcbalcs trc

tqrc

thal rhis debale cariies a sensitivc issue.lhey

F

naxinalisl every chancc k, confim

aI

lne issue through

$e

appropiale slEtesy. nol

lo

keep

silc..

I

aould be

!

danseous

ed

risky utersce

il $e€

h

no explmation. This lnct baomes urdlher

prcve lhd shows both debateB arc sr.ar snctlcr.

Iinally. rhis rcsearh aho nnds that theE are 1vo

mrn

pu+oses.l Polit.n€ss

stratesy in lhe debarc. I be n$r is to

sisry

hcarcfs Posnirc Face md thc s4ond is

1o safe hcu.r's neeativc face. Iloweler. lhe rcscarch slso noticcs morhd ptrttose5

oi

using Polilcncss stEregy atrrhed by the speaker in an utteFn.e

P.lihess

starcgy

rrsd

Politcness stat€gy

ce

be used to slr€s m aguncnl. to _sive

citicisn

md to

BIDI,IoGRAPIIY

Dn,M.,p

&

L.\h\on.

_S.

C

_c87)

porrc,e$

e,

/

_"aq..

\e^

\,,r ..,,

."0,,0..;.;li.'.,,

;:::,r

1^T:

.

h

t

xq.4.

"''""1,

.:'1

.'

".,a',d

oe

Ur-LDi:.,ro,u1o..

*a*i.o,

_q,

o"

^.tn,.-.i,r

r-opon_S _E

&

_SJmrer

w.

\jaqq). annthun

ut,,,

t

s.m-.\o,

d7

rs

,*

",

:,j"f

ilj.,l',","4

rr'\a,:'.

p-,r'

bir,.

Re_,,.iu

"""'"i;"1^1f'Jl;JiiilX?

!g],.1;,,

-

a*-

u"

behaior.

c,tdcn

.od.,.1..9

I 4/,r.

M

R,ruoor

tonL,,,nta,\1,t,r:../n,

uan^..,)

/4c trr\f,r

,t

$.{l,r

sr.r,/

\_rrrod

s

_tr,.

i

rF

ro

.o.r,

-

pDor

pn.'oa.

ri,

i.;";,i;

t'

"."'"''

."-'o

Ihljrdr'..

v,

c

(

_{tud dJ}

s

p.,. a8..., ragLr-.,

a.t..\,

nJ

r",

I

Atb,rt,

onsurEp.a _a ro,

io..in

_t...,.

p_,a,,,i..

_,,car,:

i;".,.; il..,.,'

Hinrl...

E

AAll,nck.S.S

ttr)02).

qriun.ahn.a

rl

:

;

r

:;;

;;

li

*i

r

":'F::::";?: ;:"'

'i;:

:":

,."i

;i |':':;

Hinrl,

E

a . &

Nr(k

s.

s

₁ ar5. qnril) _leroL

\c ^.

trth..\in

₄

Jp.r.,.p-p.t

- i. ioc./ r'.44".ydr.a4.

n"'"'"";*,,ll,n;r'

_4h

thtrc'irc'on

₁₀

saciotihstuistit.

Nc'

_reR€y:

Loncnr

"""

",.11

ll"i.:.".:;::

\dr'tu.cd i

cd{

"

Drri

,nd. o.

.ue

..,Lrj.n.Id

L...h.

C. (tsq3) pikciples

ofpras ,rj.r.

New Jetscy: Lonshdn r_td,