38
Lampiran 1.
Kode etik penelitian
39
Diberi penandaan pada masing-masingekor mencit
Ditimbang dan catat berat badanmencit
Diberikan perlakuansecara per oral: suspensi CMC 1%, teh
Hijau, teh Hitam dan suspensiloperamid HCl 2 mg
30 menit kemudian diberikan Oleum ricini 0,5 ml secara p.o
Diamati selama enam jam dengan interval waktu tiap 30 menit.
Lampiran 2.
Skema Penelitian
1.
Pembuatan Seduhan Teh Hijau dan Teh Hitam
2.
Pengujian metode defekasi
Diseduh dengan air mendidih sebanyak 30 ml selama 3 menit
lalu disaring menggunakan kain flanel
Seduhan teh dosis1750
mg/kg bb, 3500 mg/kg
bb dan 7000 mg/kg bb
36 ekor mencit
Frekuensi diare
( x/menit)
Ditimbang teh hijau dan teh
hitam sebanyak 1750 mg/kg
bb, 3500 mg/kg bb dan 7000
mg/kg bb
Waktu mulai diare
(menit)
Bobot feses
(mg)
40
Ditimbang dan catat berat badanmencit
Diberikan perlakuansecara per oral : suspensi CMC 1%, teh
Hijau, teh Hitam dan suspensiloperamid HCl 2 mg
30 menit kemudian diberikan Oleum ricini 0,5 mlsecara p.o
dibiarkan kembali selama 30 menit, Kemudian semua mencit
dikorbankan dengan cara dislokasi leher
dilakukan pembedahan. Saluran gastroinstetinal dari
phylorus
sampai caecum dipotong
isinya dikeluarkan dan ditampung dalam gelas ukur untuk
ditimbang volumenya
3.
Pengujian metode antisekretori
36 ekor mencit
Volume isi usus
(mg)
41
Lampiran 3.
Contoh perhitungan dosis
a)
Perhitungan dosis CMC Na 1%
=
= 10 mg/ml
Perhitungan CMC Na 1% pada mencit 25 g
=
x 25 g = 0,25 ml
Volume yang diberikan = 0,25 ml
b)
Perhitungan dosis Lodia® tablet
Tiap tablet Lodia mengandung 2 mg Loperamid HCl
Dosis dewasa 2 mg
–
8 mg/hari dan tidak lebih dari 16 mg/hari (berat dewasa
untuk konversi 70 Kg).
Dosis untuk mencit 20 g yaitu :
(2 mg
–
8 mg) x 0,0026 = 0,0052
–
0,0208 mg/hari dan tidak lebih dari 0,04616
mg/Kg bb.
Berat serbuk Lodia yang akan diambil yaitu dari 20 tablet lodia® di gerus
dan ditimbang = 2136 mg.
Dari 20 tablet mengandung loperamid HCl sebanyak 40 mg.
Dosis loperamid HCl yang digunakan adalah dosis maksimum yaitu :
= 0,0416 mg/20 g bb mencit
= 2,08 mg/kgbb
Loperamid HCl yang digunakan adalah : 2,08 mg/kg bb
42
Maka serbuk loperamid yang di gunakan adalah :
=
x 2136 mg = 111,07 mg
Dalam serbuk lodia® sebanyak 111,07 mg mengandung loperamid HCl
sebanyak 2,08 mg.
Suspensi loperamid HCl yang akan dibuat adalah 111,07 serbuk lodia®
dilarutkan dalam 10 ml suspensi CMC 1 %.
c)
Perhitungan dosis seduhan teh hijau dan teh hitam
1.
Untuk dosis 1750 mg/kg bb
Jumlah yang diberikan =
x 25 g = 43,75 mg
Jumlah seduhan yang diberikan =
x 30 ml = 0,75 ml
2.
Untuk dosis 3500 mg/kg bb
Jumlah yang diberikan =
x 25 g = 87,5 mg
Jumlah seduhan yang diberikan =
x 30 ml = 0,75 ml
3.
Untuk dosis 7000 mg/kg bb
Jumlah yang diberikan =
x 25 g = 175 mg
Jumlah seduhan yang diberikan =
x 30 ml = 0,75 ml
43
Lampiran 4.
Waktu terjadinya diare
Perlakuan
Hewan
Jumlah
Rata-rata
(menit)
1
2
3
4
Oleum Ricini
33,5 35,7 37,5 36,2
142,9
35,7
Suspensi CMC 1%
37
35,3 37,5 35,4
145,2
36,3
Suspensi loperamid 2 mg
62,03 60,5 65,2 60,2 247,93
61,9
STHJ 1750 mg/kgBB
40,4 45,2 40,5 44,3
170,4
42,6
STHJ 3500 mg/kgBB
47,5 50,2 46,3 45,5
189,5
47,3
STHJ 7000 mg/kgBB
57,3 60,3 60,6 65,5
243,7
60,9
STHT 1750 mg/kgBB
40
39,4 45,5 40,4
165,3
41,3
STHT 3500 mg/kgBB
47,5 47,5 42,3 45,5
182,8
45,7
STHT 7000 mg/kgBB
50,4 48,4 47,5 49,3
195,6
48,9
44
Lampiran 5.
Frekuensi diare
45
Lampiran 6.
Bobot feses
46
Lampiran 7.
Volume isi usus antisekretori
Perlakuan
Hewan
Jumlah
Rata-rata
(mg)
1
2
3
4
Oleum Ricini
500
400 520 530
1950
487,5
Suspensi CMC 1%
480
500 480 480
1940
485
Suspensi loperamid 2 mg
320
355 320 346
1341
335,2
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb
376
380 410 410
1576
394
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb
400
340 328 405
1473
368,2
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb
320
390 340 315
1365
341,2
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb
430
410 359 450
1649
412,2
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb
400
378 450 387
1615
403,7
STHT 7000 mg/g bb
360
368 400 350
1478
369,5
47
Lampiran 8.
Gambar Sampel dan Hewan uji
Gambar 1. Sampel Teh
Hitam Kemasan
Gambar 2. Sampel Teh
Hijau Kemasan
Gambar 3. Seduhan Teh
Hitam Kemasan
Gambar 4. Seduhan Teh
Hijau Kemasan
Gambar 5. Hewan uji
Gambar 6.Kandang Uji
antidiare
48
Lampiran 9.
Tabel Volume maksimal dan Konversi
Volume Maksimal Larutan Pemberian Pada Binatang
V0lume Maksimal (ml)
Konversi Dosis antar Jenis Subjek Uji
49
Lampiran 10.
Data Analisis Statistik Waktu mulai Diare
Oneway
Descriptives
Waktu_Mulai_Diare
N Mean
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum Maximum Lower
Bound
Upper Bound
oleum ricini 4 35,7250 1,66608 ,83304 33,0739 38,3761 33,50 37,50
CMC 1% 4 36,3000 1,11654 ,55827 34,5233 38,0767 35,30 37,50
Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg
4 61,9825 2,28981 1,14490 58,3389 65,6261 60,20 65,20
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 4 42,6000 2,50998 1,25499 38,6061 46,5939 40,40 45,20
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 4 47,3750 2,05487 1,02744 44,1052 50,6448 45,50 50,20
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 60,9250 3,39448 1,69724 55,5236 66,3264 57,30 65,50
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4 41,3250 2,81351 1,40675 36,8481 45,8019 39,40 45,50
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 4 45,7000 2,45493 1,22746 41,7937 49,6063 42,30 47,50
STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 4 48,9000 1,24097 ,62048 46,9253 50,8747 47,50 50,40
Total 36 46,7592 9,26792 1,54465 43,6234 49,8950 33,50 65,50
ANOVA
Waktu_Mulai_Diare
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2865,923 8 358,240 68,902 ,000
Within Groups 140,380 27 5,199
Total 3006,303 35
50
Lampiran (lanjutan)
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable:Waktu_Mulai_Diare
(I) Percobaan (J) Percobaan Mean Difference
(I-Susp. Loperamid HCl 2 mg
Susp. Loperamid HCl 2 mg Susp. Loperamid HCl 2
mg
51
Susp. Loperamid HCl 2 mg Susp. Loperamid HCl 2
52
Susp. Loperamid HCl 2 mg
-16,28250* 1,61233 ,000 -19,5907 -12,9743
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 3,10000 1,61233 ,065 -,2082 6,4082 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb -1,67500 1,61233 ,308 -4,9832 1,6332 STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb -15,22500* 1,61233 ,000 -18,5332 -11,9168 STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4,37500* 1,61233 ,011 1,0668 7,6832 STHT 7000 mg/kg bb -3,20000 1,61233 ,057 -6,5082 ,1082 STHT 7000 mg/kg bb oleum ricini 13,17500* 1,61233 ,000 9,8668 16,4832 CMC 1% 12,60000* 1,61233 ,000 9,2918 15,9082 Susp. Loperamid HCl 2
mg
-13,08250* 1,61233 ,000 -16,3907 -9,7743
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 6,30000* 1,61233 ,001 2,9918 9,6082 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 1,52500 1,61233 ,353 -1,7832 4,8332 STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb -12,02500* 1,61233 ,000 -15,3332 -8,7168 STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 7,57500* 1,61233 ,000 4,2668 10,8832 STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 3,20000 1,61233 ,057 -,1082 6,5082
Homogeneous Subsets
Waktu_Mulai_Diare
Percobaan
N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4 5
Duncana oleum ricini 4 35,7250
CMC 1% 4 36,3000
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4 41,3250
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 4 42,6000 42,6000
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 4 45,7000 45,7000
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 4 47,3750
STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 4 48,9000
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 60,9250
Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg
4 61,9825
Sig. ,724 ,436 ,065 ,070 ,517
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000.
53
Lampiran 11.
Data Analisis Statistik Frekuensi Diare
Oneway
Descriptives
Frekuensi_diare
N Mean
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum Maxim
um Lower Bound Upper Bound
oleum ricini 4 11,7500 2,21736 1,10868 8,2217 15,2783 9,00 14,00
CMC 1% 4 11,5000 2,38048 1,19024 7,7121 15,2879 9,00 14,00
Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg
4 5,5000 1,29099 ,64550 3,4457 7,5543 4,00 7,00
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 4 7,2500 1,70783 ,85391 4,5325 9,9675 5,00 9,00
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 4 6,5000 1,29099 ,64550 4,4457 8,5543 5,00 8,00
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 5,7500 ,95743 ,47871 4,2265 7,2735 5,00 7,00
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4 8,0000 1,63299 ,81650 5,4015 10,5985 6,00 10,00
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 4 7,5000 1,73205 ,86603 4,7439 10,2561 6,00 10,00
STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 4 6,2500 ,95743 ,47871 4,7265 7,7735 5,00 7,00
Total 36 7,7778 2,65234 ,44206 6,8804 8,6752 4,00 14,00
ANOVA
Frekuensi_diare
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 173,222 8 21,653 8,009 ,000
Within Groups 73,000 27 2,704
Total 246,222 35
54
Lampiran (lanjutan)
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable:Frekuensi_diare
(I) Percobaan (J) Percobaan Mean Difference
56
Duncana Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg 4 5,5000
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 5,7500
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
57
Lampiran 12.
Data Analisis Statistik Bobot Feses
ONEWAY
Descriptives
Bobot_feses
N Mean
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Bound Upper Bound
oleum ricini 4 1277,2500 181,78261 90,89130 987,9933 1566,5067 1014,00 1399,00
CMC 1% 4 1178,5000 71,72866 35,86433 1064,3637 1292,6363 1089,00 1245,00
4 934,2500 148,01661 74,00830 698,7225 1169,7775 715,00 1037,00
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb
4 812,0000 104,38710 52,19355 645,8968 978,1032 749,00 968,00
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb
4 745,2500 171,94064 85,97032 471,6541 1018,8459 550,00 966,00
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb
4 972,5000 210,41309 105,20654 637,6858 1307,3142 671,00 1161,00
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb
4 917,5000 173,19257 86,59629 641,9120 1193,0880 716,00 1090,00
STHT 7000 mg/kg bb
4 843,7500 98,09647 49,04823 687,6566 999,8434 710,00 940,00
Total 36 934,7500 223,00485 37,16748 859,2960 1010,2040 544,00 1399,00
ANOVA
Bobot_feses
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1115644,000 8 139455,500 6,025 ,000
Within Groups 624946,750 27 23146,176
Total 1740590,750 35
58
Lampiran (lanjutan)
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable:Bobot_feses (I) Percobaan (J) Percobaan
Mean
Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 545,50000* 107,57829 ,000 324,7676 766,2324
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 343,00000* 107,57829 ,004 122,2676 563,7324 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 446,75000* 107,57829 ,000 226,0176 667,4824 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 244,25000* 107,57829 ,031 23,5176 464,9824
oleum ricini -545,50000* 107,57829 ,000 -766,2324 -324,7676 CMC 1% -446,75000* 107,57829 ,000 -667,4824 -226,0176
STHJ 1750 mg/kg oleum ricini -343,00000* 107,57829 ,004 -563,7324 -122,2676
59
bb CMC 1% -244,25000* 107,57829 ,031 -464,9824 -23,5176 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 202,50000 107,57829 ,071 -18,2324 423,2324 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 122,25000 107,57829 ,266 -98,4824 342,9824
oleum ricini -465,25000* 107,57829 ,000 -685,9824 -244,5176
CMC 1% -366,50000* 107,57829 ,002 -587,2324 -145,7676 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 80,25000 107,57829 ,462 -140,4824 300,9824 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -122,25000 107,57829 ,266 -342,9824 98,4824
oleum ricini -532,00000* 107,57829 ,000 -752,7324 -311,2676 CMC 1% -433,25000* 107,57829 ,000 -653,9824 -212,5176 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 13,50000 107,57829 ,901 -207,2324 234,2324 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -189,00000 107,57829 ,090 -409,7324 31,7324
oleum ricini -304,75000* 107,57829 ,009 -525,4824 -84,0176
CMC 1% -206,00000 107,57829 ,066 -426,7324 14,7324 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 240,75000* 107,57829 ,034 20,0176 461,4824 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 38,25000 107,57829 ,725 -182,4824 258,9824
oleum ricini -359,75000* 107,57829 ,002 -580,4824 -139,0176 CMC 1% -261,00000* 107,57829 ,022 -481,7324 -40,2676
60
Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 185,75000 107,57829 ,096 -34,9824 406,4824 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -16,75000 107,57829 ,877 -237,4824 203,9824 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 105,50000 107,57829 ,335 -115,2324 326,2324
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 172,25000 107,57829 ,121 -48,4824 392,9824 STHT 1750 mg/kg bb -55,00000 107,57829 ,613 -275,7324 165,7324 STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 73,75000 107,57829 ,499 -146,9824 294,4824 STHT 7000
mg/kg bb
oleum ricini -433,50000* 107,57829 ,000 -654,2324 -212,7676 CMC 1% -334,75000* 107,57829 ,004 -555,4824 -114,0176
Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 112,00000 107,57829 ,307 -108,7324 332,7324 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -90,50000 107,57829 ,408 -311,2324 130,2324 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 31,75000 107,57829 ,770 -188,9824 252,4824 STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 98,50000 107,57829 ,368 -122,2324 319,2324 STHT 1750 mg/kg bb -128,75000 107,57829 ,242 -349,4824 91,9824 STHT 3500 mg/kg bb -73,75000 107,57829 ,499 -294,4824 146,9824
Homogeneous Subsets
Bobot_feses
Percobaan
N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3
Duncana Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg 4 731,7500 STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 745,2500 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 4 812,0000 STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 4 843,7500 STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 4 917,5000 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 4 934,2500
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4 972,5000 972,5000
CMC 1% 4 1178,5000 1178,5000
oleum ricini 4 1277,2500
Sig. ,060 ,066 ,367
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
61
Lampiran 13.
Data Analisis Statistik Volume isi usus
Oneway
Descriptives
Antisekretori_Volume_isi_usus
N Mean
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimu
m Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound
oleum ricini 4 487,5000 59,65177 29,82588 392,5807 582,4193 400,00 530,00
CMC 1% 4 485,0000 10,00000 5,00000 469,0878 500,9122 480,00 500,00
Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg
4 335,2500 17,98842 8,99421 306,6264 363,8736 320,00 355,00
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 4 394,0000 18,54724 9,27362 364,4872 423,5128 376,00 410,00
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 4 368,2500 39,90301 19,95150 304,7554 431,7446 328,00 405,00
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 341,2500 34,24787 17,12394 286,7540 395,7460 315,00 390,00
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4 412,2500 39,07578 19,53789 350,0717 474,4283 359,00 450,00
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 4 403,7500 32,12865 16,06432 352,6262 454,8738 378,00 450,00
STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 4 369,5000 21,62560 10,81280 335,0888 403,9112 350,00 400,00
Total 36 399,6389 60,71110 10,11852 379,0972 420,1806 315,00 530,00
ANOVA
Antisekretori_Volume_isi_usus
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 98650,556 8 12331,319 10,969 ,000
Within Groups 30353,750 27 1124,213
Total 129004,306 35
62
Lampiran (lanjutan)
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable:Antisekretori_Volume_isi_usus
(I) Percobaan (J) Percobaan Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
63
Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 33,00000 23,70878 ,175 -15,6464 81,6464 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -25,75000 23,70878 ,287 -74,3964 22,8964 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 6,00000 23,70878 ,802 -42,6464 54,6464 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -52,75000* 23,70878 ,035 -101,3964 -4,1036 Susp.Loperamid HCl 2 mg 34,25000 23,70878 ,160 -14,3964 82,8964 STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb -24,50000 23,70878 ,311 -73,1464 24,1464 STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 1,25000 23,70878 ,958 -47,3964 49,896464
STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 28,25000 23,70878 ,244 -20,3964 76,8964 STHT 1750 mg/kg bb -42,75000 23,70878 ,083 -91,3964 5,8964 STHT 3500 mg/kg bb -34,25000 23,70878 ,160 -82,8964 14,3964 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Homogeneous Subsets
Antisekretori_Volume_isi_usus
Percobaan
N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3
Duncana Suspensi Loperamid HCl 2 mg 4 335,2500 STHJ 7000 mg/kg bb 4 341,2500
STHJ 3500 mg/kg bb 4 368,2500 368,2500 STHT 7000 mg/kg bb 4 369,5000 369,5000
STHJ 1750 mg/kg bb 4 394,0000
STHT 3500 mg/kg bb 4 403,7500
STHT 1750 mg/kg bb 4 412,2500
CMC 1% 4 485,0000
oleum ricini 4 487,5000
Sig. ,198 ,107 ,917