Communication Strategy Through Media Education: An Effort to Achieve Harmony and Sustainability in Indonesia-Malaysia Relations.

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SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES

IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

Edited by:

Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin Centre for Socioglobal Studies

Padjadjaran University

Foreword by: Dr. Arry Bainus MA

Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Padjadjaran University

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ii Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

First Published May, 2015

Published By

Penerbit Samudra Biru (Member of IKAPI)

Jomblangan Gg. Ontoseno Blok B No 15 Rt 12/30 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia 55198 Telp. (0274) 9494 558

E-mail/FB: [email protected]

ISBN: 978-602-9276-55-8

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iii Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Ali Maksum, is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Policy Research and International Studies (CenPRIS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. His current project is about the Indonesia-Malaysia relations from defensive realism perspective. He has written articles have been published in such publisher as Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, Springer (ISI), Indonesia national newspapers and conferences.

Arry Bainus, Ph.D is a senior lecturer at Department of International Relation Padjadjaran University. He recived his doctoral degree in University of Indonesia. He focuses his studies on issues arround national security and defence, including political study on Indonesian Army. Now he is a dean at Faculty of Social and Political Science Padjadjaran University

Ari Ganjar Herdiansah, Ph.D is a lecturer at Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University. In 2014 he received his doctoral degree in political sociology at University of Malaya, Malaysia. His main academic concerns are political sociology of Islamic society, political communication, and the politics of community.

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vi Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

Fitaha Aini, MA, is a communication lecturer in Indonesia. She has published book and journals in the ield of communication and media. In 2013, she published her irst book entitled Kebebasan Akhbar Malaysia-Indonesia. She completed her study in Science University of Malaysia (Persuasive Communication) in 2008 and University of Malaya (Media Studies) in 2011. Her previous research was evaluation of communication programs (2009-2014) and formulation of communication policy (2015-2019) in Indonesia under the Ministry of National Development Planning.

Forina Lestari, M.Sc. obtained B.Sc.Eng. (ITB, 2006), MSc in Housing, School of Housing, Building and Planning, University of Science Malaysia (USM, 2008).Lecturer at Indonesian Institute of Technology (ITI). She has published a book: Alam Takambang Jadi Guru: Merajut Kearifan Lokal dalam Penanggulangan Bencana di Sumatera. Consultant and expertise at Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) and Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Works(2013), Directorate General of Regional Development Assistance, Ministry of Home Afairs and Expert, Deputy of the Area Development, Ministry of Public Housing (2012), Expert Staf, Commission V (Infrastructure), he Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR, 2011).Junior Expert, Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas, 2010).

Kumarashwaran VadeveluMSW is a Ph.D scholar at the Social Work Programme, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. His current Ph.D studies regarding social support system among youth who identiied as transgender women dealing with HIV/AIDS issues. Currently, he’s working as an outreach worker with AIDS Action and Research Group (AARG), Universiti Sains Malaysia under the programme of Needle and Syringe Exchange Program (NSEP) which is dealing with the drug user community.

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vii Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, MA and Ph.D. from University of Malaya. He is a leturer at Departement of Social Welfare (1982-2011) and Departement of Sociology (2011-present), Head Departement of Sociology in Faculty Social and Political Science, Padjadjaran University (2014- present). Visiting Associate Professor at University of Malaya (2008) and Visiting Associate Professor at Univerisiti Sains Malaysia (2012- present).

Syarif Muhidin, Prof. Dr., obtained his Ph.D. from University of Pedjadjaran (UNPAD) Bandung (1997), Master of Science from University of Wales (1979), Diploma in Social Policy & Administration from University College of Swansea (1977). Currently, he is Visiting Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), prior as Visiting Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 2010-2012, and formerly as the Head of Research Institute of University of Langlangbuana (UNLA), last he is a Honorable Member (Dewan Kehormat) of the Institute for Social Work Sertiication of Indonesia (2012-up to the present).

Tahcya Muhamad, R. A. Drs. MSi is a senior lecturer at Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University.He is expert in sociology of family and rural community.

Tia Devianty, S.IP., MPA, is a PhD candidates at Universitas Padjadjaran, and a master’s degree graduate from Public Policy, Faculty of Public Policy and Management, Flinders University, Australia. Now, a lecturer at Ahmad Yani University, Bandung - from september 1996 – present Teaching, Researching, and Public Servicing.Current Researches are mainly about Capacity Building For Decentralization (2008-now).

Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, S.Ip MA is a researcher at the Department of International and Strategic Studies, Universiti Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. He is activist in Art Movement in Malaysia.

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ix Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah. hanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving me the opportunity to complete this book entitled Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues. he publication of this book would not have been possible without the guidance and knowlwdge wich I have acquired from my honourable professors; Professor A.D Saefullah - University of Padjadjaran and Professor Abd. Hadi Zakaria - University of Malaya. I would also like to dedicate this book to my beloved wife, Tuty Tohri and our lovely children Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, Forina Lestari, Fitaha Aini and Tamal Arief Ihsan - their support in my life.

he publication of this book would not be possible without the assistance and cooperation that we have received over the years from the many individuals and organization in various parts of the world. In particular, we wish to thank our team, all authors - Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University and Universiti Sains Malaysia. Specially thanks especially to Ali Maksum for his excellent assistance during the editorial process of this book. Dr. Arry Bainus the Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjadjaran University.All of my Masters-PhD students and colleagues at Padjadjaran University as well as USM whom I would like to thanked for providing continuous support towards my success.

Wassalam.

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xi Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

FOREWORD

Dr. Arry Bainus, MA

Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Padjadjaran University

I would like to express my sincere wishes to Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, PhD as Head Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Padjadjaran University for his great dedication and success in completing this book titled “Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues”. his is a very interesting and important book which I personally feel able to impart more knowledge to the many academics, not only from sociology and political ields, but also from other ields as well. he various issues addressed in this book are in fact very much current issues that is happening around the globe, which need to be understand and scrutinize for better intervention.

I am really honoured to be given the opportunity to give a foreword to this special book. It is hoped that this book able to generate more discussions and awareness on quest for searching for the more relevant solutions to all social, political and economic issues occurring around us today.

I would like to congratulate all chapter contributors for sharing their ideas and knowledge, which I am sure able to set platform for more writers to venture into the highlighted issues. I sincerely hope that more of this book kind will be published in the near future.

hank you. Wassalam.

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xiii Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

IntRODuCtIOn

In the Name of God, the Most Gracioeus, the Most Merciful

his book provides a thematic issues and challenges in the new era,

Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues. he main objective is to present an integrated analysis of how the discipline of sociology can contribute to our wider understanding of the variety of social and political issues, practices and insttitutions approachs, policies and philosophy wich exist in our society and countries. his explanatory chapters expected to examine and understand as well as ofer choices for human beings in the dinamics world to build a human harmony.

his book depart from the point of view that sociology is as applied social and political sciences can contribute to the development of human life through many perspectives; political and international strategy, culture, history, communi-cation, poverty and social probles. he various theme have been selected are discussed from social fenomena to policy directions.

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xiv Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

and the countries in ASEAN should build strong partnership in all sectors especially migrant workers which seen obtain small attention. Facing the ASEAN Community 2015 both countries should prepare as maximize as possible by empowering all aspects including migrant workers. By take positive action towards migrant workers both countries indirectly has contribute to the development of “Ummah.”

In the thrird chapter discusses communication strategy through media education: an efort to achieve harmony and sustainability in Indonesia-Malaysia relations - concludes a guidance should be provided to the public so that they can be more critical and wise in dealing with any negative news. A critical community is a community who is able to diferentiate the written and hidden message of writing. A wise community is the one who is not provoked by provocative and negative news. Indonesian and Malaysian should be aware that each of them has had a signiicant contribution one to another. A good example can be seen through the assistant of Malaysian people in the disaster recovery process in Indonesia and the existence of Indonesia migrant workers in the Malaysia’s economic development. However, Indonesia-Malaysia rela-tions is always changing and tend to lead to conlict situations. he role of media and media educationis importantas a communication strategy to implement the problem solving modelin understanding the global situation and the public policies who are based theory of cultural conlict and acculturation. Chapter fourth, the author emphasized Indonesian Culture Heritages in the 21St_Century.

his section concludes that hird World back to dig the philosophical values that are in each country. For instance, the basic values of the Indonesian nation is relected in the ive principles of Pancasila namely the divinity in God Almighty, humanity, unity and nationality, deliberation and social justice for all people. he problem is how to translate basic values into the concept of development and preserve cultural heritage. Apparently, the third world thinkers have to work harder to formulate a philosophical values - ideological cultural heritage as part of the great nations of the world.herefore, the cultural heritages is an essential economic asset in facing the escalation of human development.

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xv Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues of democracy, resulting in crafting a uniied republic out of a multi ethnic Nepal. Chapter six explores the broadcast media industry and the role model or best practice in the broadcast media industry. his concept is suitable due to it contains freedom which is up-to-date without abandoning the values of religion, culture and national spirit. Overall, Indonesia requires an (endogenous) big push to strengthen and institutionalize the use of research product for design and implementation of public policies. his will be a crucial factor in determining the success of the welfare policies that the government is currently designing.

In the chapter seven related with poverty phenomena. However, these historical problems did not result in serious poverty under the well planned economic system. he number of poor people inherited from the previous period was also relatively small. In addition, the struggle of urban poor communities in Malaysia for housing and land rights is closely related to the development and history of the country. After the British colonial period, Malaysia’s priority was to develop its economy by focusing on the manufacturing and export industry in urban areas. his resulted when people from rural areas migrating from village to the city, in search of opportunities and to ill the workforce demand. Most of the urban migrants would build their own house near the manufacturing factories, because the surrounding lands were unoccupied and unused. With hard work and their own resources they would clean the area (wilderness) and build houses; this would encourage the development in the area and hence they are known as urban pioneers.

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xvi Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

research, it is expected that the people of Malaysia be aware especially in spending the time with their children or less able to prevent their children’s involvement in crime. Finally, researchers expect this research can provide as important reference material for dealing with negative behavior such as criminal involvement among adolescents in Malaysia.

his book examines the social and political fenomena in the broader “Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues” perspective. It is compiled from travelers and knowledge experiences in international seminars, talks and forum of researchers, supervisions and other discussion with my professors and colleagues, PhD and Master students. hat experiences, together with their personal values and interests extremely inluence to all authors in this book. Personally, I hope that those who engage and read this book will obtain fruitful knowledge. All errors are the author’s responsibility.

Wassalam.

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27 Communication Strategy hrough Media Education:

READERS GUIDE

his chapter argues that Indonesia-Malaysia relations is always changing and tend to lead to conlict situations. he role of media and media educationis importantas a commu-nication strategy to implement the problem solving model in understanding the global situation and the public policies who are based theory of cultural conlict and acculturation. Media educationis not just addressed to journalists and concerned, but also the kingdom, youth and the wider community.

Chapter

3

Communication Strategy hrough Media

Education:

An Efort to Achieve Harmony and Sustainability in

Indonesia-Malaysia Relations

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28 Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

INTRODUCTION

his chapter would not reveals the concept and communication strategy from general point of view, but focus on the media education in the context of Indonesia-Malaysia relations. he relations between the two nations have always been luctuating. From international politics perspective, the relations are very much depending on the role of media in global situation. hereby, some factors such as globalization, capitalism, and political state in both states tend to generate conlict rather than peaceful relations.

Media is capable to learn the tension. Few media in Indonesia for instance, possess certain agenda that deliberately play an anti-Malaysia sentiment which poses great implications towards Indonesia-Malaysia good relations. Similarly, the Malaysian media can play a role in harmonization and sustainability of relations between these neighbouring nations. In this regard, media education has becoming crucial. Azizah Hamzah & Drew O. McDaniel (2003) stated that: “media education and training is not only critical to the future development of media and communication studies but is also in many ways crucial to higher education in our nations”.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM

International relations is a form of political interaction and not politics which are conducted by state actors and non-state actors as a whole. International relations exist within the state of conlict and cooperation. Conlicts can be fundamental or accidental in nature. Fundamental based conlicts are originated from basic structural diferences and are naturally permanent in each side. hese conlicts can happen repeatedly. Meanwhile accidental conlicts, are originated from coincidence situation, thus, would less likely to occur again in the future.

GLOBALIZATION: A NEED FOR NEW PARADIGM ?

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29 Communication Strategy hrough Media Education: potentials, political reformations, and the rebirth from culture. he 1990s become very important; due to its culmination will reach the new millennium of 2000”.

he era of globalization was driven mostly by rapid development of knowledge and technology as the fuels for industrialization and modernization. Lewis Mumford (1977) in “he Myth of the Machine” described the globalization age in a remarkable sentence “Never before, since the age of the pyramid, vast physical transformation within such short time span. hese transformations, in turns, will give changes in human life and surroundings. If these processes were to carry on without control and guidance, there would be many more radical transformations lies ahead.” Globalization runs like a magnet which possesses great power that speed up transformations, consequently forcing us to rebuild our understanding on the meaning and new paradigm, including development.

GLOBAL CAPITALISM: INFLUENCE CIVILIZATION?

In global capitalism, the world and human civilization have operated and transformed dramatically, especially on economic, social, political, and cultural development. hese transformations are very much inluenced by globalization processes (Mayo, 1998). Capitalism that emphasizes liberal democracy, human rights, and free market economy, nowadays not only have invaded all of development approaches but also have become the universal vision of mankind (Suharto, 2001). In other words, only by capitalism that human welfare can be achieved. For example, when the monetary crisis infected some countries, almost all economical relief strategies are heading toward capitalism paradigm. Many nations are registered member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, two international bodies and the symbols of the hegemony of global capitalism.

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the harmony between Malaysia and Indonesia would be continuously well-maintained. On top of that, all sorts of conlicts and arguments can still be resolved by the sense of unity, humanity, and sovereignty to achieve wellbeing in economic, social, cultural, and political aspects.

CONFLICTS AND RESOLUTIONS

One of the famous experts who studied the social interaction with process and micro structural approach is George Simmel. he social erotic instincts, objective desires, religious aspirations, help, command, etc. All of these according to Simmel, make people live with the other people, interact with other people, mingle with them and even against them (Johnson, 1986). According to Simmel, it is more important to focus on the consequences of conlict than consequences of social change. Conlict is thus designed to resolve dualism; it is a way of achieving some kind of unity, even if it be through the annihilation of one of the conlicting parties. his is roughly parallel to the fact that it is the most violent symptom of a disease which represents the efort of the organism to free itself of disturbances of damages caused by them (Simmel, 1956).

Related to the social conlict, Simmel develops three frameworks; proportions of conlict intensity, conlict function for the involved group, and conlict function for the whole system. he higher emotional involvement of each conlicting group is the higher the tendency for the conlict to be more brutal. here is a positive correlation between the internal solidarity of conlicting groups to the emotional intensity of the groups. In international relation perspective, conlicts comprise of diplomatic actions, propagandas, trades, threats, and military sentences which are performed by a nation to other nations (Holsti, 1987). One of the strategies to resolve conlict is Joint Problem Solving, which ofer possibility for control over the outcomes on which they would be achieved by involved parties. Each party is entitled the same rights to deliver arguments in order to achieve the outcome. here are three conlict resolution methods, such as: problem solving process; communication; and internal cooperation.

MEDIA EDUCATION: A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY?

Development of Media Education

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31 Communication Strategy hrough Media Education: the early 21st_{century. Media literacy was proposed as an educational tool to}

protect certain parties from the negative efects of media. In 1930, England was the irst country to suggest this issue. During the 1960s, Canada initiated the irst media literacy education and has made it mandatory in North America. Every region in said country was appointed to include media education in the curriculum. he launch of this subject was carried out due to ever-increasing inluences of American` pop culture.

he concept of media literacy had become the irst educational topic exist in Canada (1978). During that time, Association of Media Literacy (AML) was established as the organization that regulates everything that involves with education of media literacy. he US also realized the importance of media literacy education as negative implications originated from media (especially television) are sufered by American people. Frank Baker, an American media education consultant, saw a number of modules which had been developed by Canada, England, and Australia as a good starting point, especially in supports and curriculums.

he term media literacy, according to James Potter (Media Literacy, 2001), is a perspective which actively utilized when certain individual is accessing media with the purpose of recognizing the message that is conveyed by the media. Allan Rubin proposed three deinitions on media literacy: irst, the ability to enter, analyse, evaluate, and communicate message from the National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy (Baran and Davis, 2003). Second (Paul Messaris): knowledge on the function of media in society. hird, (mass communication researchers, Justin Lewis and Shut Jally), the understanding of cultural limits, economy, politics, and technology on creation, production, message transmissions. hese deinitions focus on speciic knowledge, awareness, and rationale, which are cognitive process on information. he main focuses are critical evaluation of message.

Media literacy is a concept about the sources and communication technology, codes of practices, output messages, and selections, interpretations, and outcomes from the message itself. In many developed countries, media literacy education has become an important agenda, by including that within the education curriculum. England, Germany, Canada, France, and Australia are some of the examples of nations that carry out media literacy education in schools.

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institutions. According to Azhar Bidin, “Media education is not part of the syllabus and is considered to be an ‘alien’ subject not only for student, but the teaching community as well”. Zaharom Naim’s publication; Media Role in a K-Economy: Media Studies and Participation in the Transformation of Malaysian Society,stated that media education is normally carried out in higher institutions, but, can also be done in a form of informal training through workshop and discussion forums. In this context, media has an important role, not only for learning process at higher institutions, but also for society education in a broader sense (Azizah Hamzah & Drew McDaniel, 2003).

Media Education as Communication Strategy

Media education concept/term and communication strategy are two interconnecting concepts. Communication is a process for the transfer of information, emotion, and thought of one individual to other individual or group. Efective communication strategy is designated for a large number of people who are heterogeneous, anonym, and spread out through mass media. To be able to determine the exact communication strategy, philosophy and ideology as the foundation of mind set through the realization of the role of media in education process are required. In Indonesia, television is an efective medium to transmit values and messages which can inluence many audiences. Televisions are addictive. Nowadays, TV is the most efective and acceptable media. Interaction between people, especially children, and television are very high. TV has an enormous power to inluence children. Besides less study time compared to watching time, lack of parents’ supervision on children’s viewing materials, can result in low level of content iltering on uneducated programmes. his situation poses the necessity for children to have self-censorship awareness on media. he faster this media develop, thus, children’s awareness on its implications must be also developed. Currently, media literacy education in Indonesia is still limited to unstructured moves. hese moves are conducted only in small scale. Media literacy education is not suicient if only delivered in seminars, campaigns, and a week-long road show. Consequently, eforts to struggle the media literacy education are still not widely exposed to society.

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33 Communication Strategy hrough Media Education: information model, and spiritual model (Azizah Hamzah & Drew Mc Daniel, 2003). However, these models can be implemented by selecting one or a combination of them.

To resolve conlict among nations, media education and training as one communication strategy can be applied using the technique of problem solving process, communication, and internal communication. However, joint problem solving strategy is considered as the most efective one since it identiies the problem and giving an impressive support and communication. his strategy will include the following steps, namely:

Identiication of interests

•

Inability to interpret an inexpressible complaint into a concrete request is one of the main constraints in conlict resolution.

Weighting interests

•

After the identiication process each party then put a weight on each other’s’ interest.

hird party assistance and support

•

hird party is essential in facilitating the interest of the conlicting parties, particularly related to making proposed procedure, translating complaint into a concrete request, helping the conlicting parties to deine the relative interest of the problems, arranging agenda of the meeting, and making judgment on substantial matters. he third party should be neutral so the conlicting parties can accept the results of negotiation.

Efective communication

•

he conlicting parties are required to actively communicate one another in order to deine common issues that need to be settled.

Trust that an adversary will keep agreement

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Penalty and sanctions are crucial to guarantee the sustainability of the agreed decisions among the conlicting parties.

Towards Harmony: Cooperative Strategy

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34 Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues statements, which are:

Firstly,

• Eminent Person Group (EPG) needs to employ media experts. hese people are expected to actively and carefully disseminate information to public. herefore, fact inding and analysis of the needs of the people is important in decision making process.

Secondly, misperception. herefore, supervision to information circulated by media is signiicantly required. Concerning this, Susilo Bambang Yudoyono (SBY) needs to make a policy to ensure the neutrality of information by media.

Fourthly,

• he Embassy of Malaysia in Jakarta should also be more proactive in maintaining good relations with media, intellectuals, students, and the people of Indonesia in Malaysia. his is essential to keep the good relations between the same rooted nations.

Professor Mohamad continues to argue that good relations between the Islamic countries will enable both countries to dismiss sabotage and provocation form the third party. However, a good communication strategy that understands the global situation and public decision that based on the conlict theory and cultural acculturation is crucially needed for the harmony and sustainability of Indonesia-Malaysia relations. Media education to public audience and journalist needs to be constantly conducted to increase the awareness of keeping the good relations with others.

he Role of Government

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35 Communication Strategy hrough Media Education: cultural campaign program, maximizing the capability of community based institution, facilitating academics initiatives.

Journalist

Media education and training to journalist will involve a critical and actual analysis of reality, the use of less ofensive terms. Historical knowledge of two countries will also be beneicial for a better writing in newspaper. Compliance to the Code of Ethic Journalism, particularly aimed to Indonesian journalist will help in boosting trust between the people of the two countries. And appreciation should be given to those who provide a good quality of writings and inspirational for the maintaining of amicable relations between Indonesia and Malaysia. Creating a regular inter-media dialogue will be one of the best options to build a strong-network among journalists of the two countries which eventually contribute to a balance and responsible writing.

Indonesian-Malaysian Youth

Vast development in digital industry brings a new challenge to the distribution of information worldwide with all the consequences. Minimum awareness of this development will only cause the disuse of media technology into destructive activities, prominently done by youth. herefore, systematic and practical learning to the youth is important to encourage good relations of both countries, especially among their youth. Critical and positive attitude towards the provocative news on websites is essentially needed to be taught to the youth. he youth of Indonesia and Malaysia need to embrace that truth is not only the ones written by media and that tolerance is the best way to deal with diferences. Blog, as one of the media of expression by the youth, should not be a place to mock others. In addition, exchange program should always be a priority to increase mutual understanding among young generation of Indonesia and Malaysia.

Public

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help of Malaysian people in the disaster recovery of Indonesian people and through the existence of Indonesia migrant workers for the Malaysia’s economic development.

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37 Communication Strategy hrough Media Education: Mayo, M. (1998). “Community Work”, dalam Adams, Dominelli dan Payne

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Communication Strategy Through Media Education: An Effort to Achieve Harmony and Sustainability in Indonesia-Malaysia Relations.

SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES

IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

CONTENTS

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

FOREWORD

Dr. Arry Bainus, MA

Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Padjadjaran University

IntRODuCtIOn

Chapter

3

Communication Strategy hrough Media

Education:

An Efort to Achieve Harmony and Sustainability in

Indonesia-Malaysia Relations