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ri p s a e l a m e f e g a r u o c n e s t x e t e h t , d n a h e n o e h t n O
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u he i s a perfec t depiciton o f
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d i a s e n i d r a J a s i L t a h w e k il t s u J . d a e r e b o t g n it s e r e t n i o s y a l p e h t e k a m d n a y a l p
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n i t s it r a s u o m a f e h t s i e r a e p s e k a h S t a h t d n a t s r e d n u y d a e rl a e l p o e p s A . e r u t a r e ti l
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o t e l b a t p e c c a r e g n o l o n s i n a m o t r o ir e f n i s i n a m o w t a h t n o it o n e h t ,t c a f d e t p e c c a
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e l a m r e d n u y a l r e w o p s ’ a it r o P , ll it s h g u o h
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. n a m o w s s a l c h g i h a s i a it r o P , n e m o w r e h t o e k il n u t u B . d e i d y d a e rl a r e h t a f r e h
f o y ti r e p s o r p e h t h ti w n a m o w d e t a c u d e n a , e n o y s s a l c a s i e h
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n a m o w d e n r a e l y ll a c if i c e p s e h T . n o it a v it l u c r e h f
o in history ,becomest he e h t e m o c e b o t r e t a l , n a m o w e lt n e g a s a d e n i a rt , n a m o w d e t a c u d e y ll a r e n e g
e b l li w y r e t s a m e s o h w , e g d e l w o n k e l a m e h t f o r o t a ir p o r p p a / r e w o r r o b
.) 2 5 : 6 9 9 1 ( y r a r o p m e t y l g n ir u s s a e r e r o m
C y b n e v i g o s l a s a w a it r o P t u o b a t n e m m o c r e h t o n
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e k a t ll e w t h g i m o h w n a m o w e v i s i c e d d n a g n o rt s a h ti w e l p o e p s e v i g e r a e p s e k a h S
.) 6 8 : 1 0 0 2 ( a it r o P s a h c u s s e it il a u q e h t d n a , y ti n il u c s a m f o s e l o r e h t
, k r o w s ’ e r a e p s e k a h
S The Merchan to fVenice tisel fi sconsidered a sa
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n i s ir e h t , y ll a n i
F g aciton came ou tfrom t hisi ssue .A sa matte ro ffac,t t he case
y h w s i t a h T . e m it t a h t t a d n a l g n E n i d e z il a g e l y d a e rl a s a w g n i d n e l y e n o m t u o b a
s s i h n i e s a c s i h t d e t p o d a e r a e p s e k a h
S toryast her elfeciton oft her ea lstiuaiton a t
e h t n i t e tt e P . C . E y b d i a s n e e b e v a h t a h w m o r f n e e s e b n a c t i s a , e m it t a h
t Criitca l
Essay so fTheMerchan to fVenice:
t s a l t a d a h d n a l g n E n i g n i d n e l y e n o m , 1 7 5 1 f o w a l s u o m a f f o t l u s e r a s A
d n a n e p o e m o c e
b legal ,and by the itme Shakespeare wa sw iritng ,the t n e c r e p 0 1 e h t e li h w , d e d n a p x e y l b a r e d i s n o c n e e b d a h y r u s u f o s s e n i s u b
. e r u g if m u m i x a m e h t s a d e h s il b a t s e n e e b s a h t c a 1 7 5 1 e h t t a h t t s e r e t n i
ti t a h t , g n i d n e l y e n o m o t n o it c e j b o l a v e i d e m e h t , s s e l e h tr e v e
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d e u n it n o c d n a g n o rt s l li t s s a w , e l b a n m a d y l s o i g il e r d n a d a b y ll a c i m o n o c e
.) 2 0 1 : 9 6 9 1 ( s e it il i c a f ti d e r c d n a y r u s u n e e w t e b n o i s u f n o c n o e v ir h t o t
e e r h t e h t f o e s a c e h t t u o b a d u e r F d n u m g i S y b s i s y l a n a e h t s i t c a f r e h t o n A
y b d e d i v o r p s a w h c i h w , s t e k s a
c Porita’sf ather .Freuds ymboilzest het hreecasket s
d e s u n e e b e v a h h c i h w s l o b m y s e h t d n a , d lr o w e h t n i d e t s i x e s i h c i h w g n i h t e h t y b
a e e s n a c e
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. y a s s e s i h n i d u e r F y b d e n i a l p x e n e e b d a h t a h w e k il t s u J . e n o t s r o w
n o d e s a b y lr a e l c n e e s e b n a c a it r o P f o s r o ti u s e e r h t e h t y b y ti t n e d i e h T
e h T : e s o o h c r i e h
t P irnceMorroco choosest hegold caske twhich symboilzet he
e h t e z il o b m y s h c i h w t e k s a c r e v li s e h t s e s o o h C n o g a r r A f o e c n ir P e h t n e h w , n u s
f o l o b m y s e h t s a t e k s a c n e d a e l e h t s e s o o h c o i n a s s a B , n o s r e p t s a l e h t d n a , n o o m
h t u o y r a t
s (1969 :60 .)
u q s i y r o t s s i h
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s Reveailng The Mora l
n e e S s A k c o l y h S r e t c a r a h C e h T f O e g a s s e
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i wa sw irtten att ha t itme .I twa s
w t a h t d e n i a l p x e y lr a e l
c hen the play performed ,i tcontain sthe socia lprejudice
h s i w e J t s n i a g
a .
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y rt n u o c t a h t n i d e v
il compare swtih othe r countire swhere Jew swere more
t s ir h C e h t y b d e c n u o n n a h c i h w y r u s u f o e c it c a r p e h t o S . s u o r e m u
n ian Churche s
.) 7 : 7 0 0 2 ( e c a r h s i w e J t s n i a g a d e rt a h g n o rt s e ri p s n i o t t n e i c if f u s e r e w
e l p o e p y n a m , y a l p g n it s e r e t n i s i h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e p e e d t e g o T
e z y l a n
a thi swork deeply and they found t hat t here wa salso con rtoversial i ssue
. y e n o m t u o b
t n a h c r e M n a it e n e V e h t m o r f e d i s e h T . s e d i s o w t n e e w t e b y m e n e e k a m n a c y e n o m s a w t i t a h w e k il t s u j , k c o l y h S d e ll a c r e d n e l y e n o M h s i w e J e h t d n a o i n o t n A d e ll a c n i n a m w o l P x a M y b d e b ir c s e
d TheMerchan to fVeniceC iritca lEssay:
g n i d d i b r o f e h t , e c i n e V f o d lr o w e h t o t s a w k c o l y h S t a h w y a d o t s i y e n o M s i tI . y ti s s e c e n m ir g e h t , n u s e h t n i w o d a h s e h t , e l p i c n ir p k r a d e h t ,t c e p s a e h t r o f t n e i c if f u s n i s i e l p i c n ir p s ti t u b , e l p i c n ir p s a h t I . n a m u h n i s i c i g o l i b i x e
lf ltiy o fhuman lfie .The problem i show to cricumven ti twtihou t t i g n il l e p m o c y b , s i r e w s n a e h t d n A . e c it s u j f o s n o it a d n u o f e h t g n i y o rt s e d .) 9 7 : 9 6 9 1 ( c i g o l n w o s ti f o n o it a t e r p r e t n i t s e t c ir t s e h t o t t g n it s e r e t n i e h t s e m o c e b o s l a f l e s ti e c i d u j e r p l a i c o
S heme tha tcan be
n i d e c a
rt The Merchan to fVenice ,a si tcan be seen from the Jewish character :
n i r e t c a r a h c h s i w e J f o n i a ll i v e h t e k a m o t g n i y rt e r a e p s e k a h S y a l p s i h t n I . k c o l y h S ,t l u s e r a s A . k c o l y h S f o r e t c a r a h c e h
t socia lprejudice ifnallyappea rbecauseo fhi s
e h t m o r f n e e s e b n a c t i s a e m it t a h t t a y t e i c o s e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c d a b , s i s e h t r e h n i o w r a j d e o S y t n a h S a r a l C y b n o it a n a l p x
e Socia l Prejudice A s
e c i n e V f o t n a h c r e M e h T s ’ e r a e p s e k a h S m a il li W n i d e t c e lf e
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k c o l y h S g n i z ir e t c a r a h c n i e r a e p s e k a h
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b there i salso anothe rinteresitng issuei n t hi splay , ti i sabout l ove .Actually ,
love can comei n every singlepossible way ,and i n The Merchan to fVenice we
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r e t c a r a h C s tI h g u o r h T n e e S s A e c i n e V f O t n a h c r e M e h T s ’ e r a p s e k a h S m a il li W t o l P d n
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d n a o i n o t n A f o r e t c a r a h c e h t m o r f n e e s e b n a c h c i h w p i h s d n e ir f t u o b a o s l a a s s a
B nio ,and t hei robedient t o help t hei rf irends i n order t o create af irendship
m e h t n e e w t e
b (2001 :50 .)
e b t s u m h c i h w e l u r e h t t u o b a s i ti , m e t s y s e t a t s l a h c r a ir t a p t u o b a g n i k l a T s i h n i e t o r w o n o g g n a y h d A . G s a , a it r o P g n i d u l c n i e l p o e p e ri t n e e h t y b d e y e b o
aritcle which itlted Shakespeare’ sThe Merchan to fVenice and The Tragedy o f
m e t s y S e t a t S l a h c r a ir t a P f o e g a m I n a d n a t n e m it n e S l a i c a R f o s e u s s I : o ll e h t
O :
d e d u l c n i , y r u t n e c h t n e e t x i s f o d n e e h t t a d e s u s a w t i s a , ’ y li m a f‘ m r e t e h T p u o c d e ir r a m e h t y l n o t o
n le ,and t hei rch lidren ,bu talso any servant sand n i s e g a ir r a m e h t o t r o ir P . y li m a f e h t h ti w d e k r o w o h w s e c it n e r p p
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s i d n o c e s , r e t c a r a h c n o y r o e h t s i t s ri f e h T . e r e h d e n i a l p x e h c i h w s e ir o e h t
e f s i d ri h t e h t d n a , y r o e h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c minismt heory.
y r o e h T .
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b d e if it n e d i e b n a c h c i h w s e it il a u q d n a l a r o m s a h y ll a u s u d n a , k r o
w y seeing and
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n o it c a e h t d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t y b d i a s s a w t a h w t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u p e e d a t e g o T
s a b e h t s i s i h t e s u a c e b r e t c a r a h c e h t e v r e s b o o t t n a tr o p m i s i ti , e k a t y e h t t a h
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d e lt it h c i h w k o o b s i h n i r e r a l K o ir a M o t g n i d r o c c
A An Introduciton to
s e i d u t S y r a r e ti
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c a sat ypeo reven i ndividual ,s t het ypica lcharacteri n l tierature
c d n a t i a rt c if i c e p s e n o y b d e t a n i m o d s
i onsidered a sa lfa tcharacter .Meanwh , lie
y ti x e l p m o c e r o m h ti w a n o s r e p a s e t o n e d y ll a u s u f l e s ti r e t c a r a h c d n u o r f o m r e t e h t
f n i s e c n e r e f fi d e h t d n
a eatures( 1999 :17 .)
, s r e t c a r a h c f o s d n i k o w t e r a e r e h t t a h t d i a s r e t s o F M . E , t s ir o e h t r e h t o n A
a y b d e t c u rt s n o c y ll a c i s a b e r a s r e t c a r a h c t a l F . s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n a t a lf e r a y e h t
n a h t e r o m f o d e t c u rt s n o c e r a s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r e li h w n a e m ; y ti l a u q r o a e d i e l g n i s
y r o e h T .
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k o o b s i h n i l a t e d n a ll e Y y b n o it a n a l p x e e h t m o r f e e s n a c e w s
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m si c it ir C y r a r e ti L f o k o o b d n a
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y ll a u s U . s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m d n a r o j a m e h t o t n e v i g s i h c i h w t n e m t a e rt e h t s i s i s y l a n a
a r a h c r o j a m r i e h t t n e s e r p s r e ti r
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d n a e v it a r r a n n i n o s r e p f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t m o r f n e e s e b n a c n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
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, k c i d l a B ( e c n a r a e p p a r o , h c e e p s , n o it c a s ’ r e t c a r a h c m o r f s e it il a u q e e s o t s r e d a e r
.) 4 3 : 1 9 9 1
i y h p r u M o t g n i d r o c c
A n hi s book , Understanding Unseens ; An
s t n e d u t S s a e s r e v O r o f s l e v o N h s il g n E d n a y r t e o P h s il g n E o t n o it c u d o r t n
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1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1
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.r e t c a r a h c e h t y b e d a m s a w h c i h w n o it a s r e v n o c e h t y b r o , r e t c a r a h c e h t
t y r e v e r e d a e r e h t r o f s e u l c e m o s e v i g l li w y e h
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r o h t u a e h t t a h t e l b i s s o p o s l a s i t I . e fi l t s a p r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it p ir c s e d
t f o t h g u o h t e h t o t s t n e m m o c e m o s s e v i
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d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t n e e w t e b n o it a s r e v n o c e h t g n i b ir c s e d s i r o h t u a e h T
e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t t u o b a d n a t s r e d n u y l b i s s o p n a c r e d a e r e h t o s , s r e h t o
.r e t c a r a h c
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f Reacitons
The reader s know abou t the personaltiy o f the characte r by giving
e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c a f o s n o it c a e r e h t e e s o t , r e t c a r a h c e h t o t n i s m e l b o r p
.
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h Thought
, r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s g n il e e f d n a s t h g u o h t e h t o t n i r e d a e r e h t s d a e l r o h t u a e h T
e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t t u o b a y l e v it c e j b u s d n a t s r e d n u n a c r e d a e r e h t o s
d n a r e t c a r a h
c theposiitonoft hecharacteri nt hes tory .
.
i Mannerism
f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t y b r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a d n a t s r e d n u n a c r e d a e r e h T
s e i s a r c n y s o i d i d n a t i b a h , m s ir e n n a
m .
.
3 TheoryonFeminism
, k o o b r e h n i m m u H e i g g a M y b d e t a t s y lr a e l c s a w t i s
A Feminism :A
e d a e
R r abou tthe idea which apparenlty come fris ti sin the course o fany
e h T . e c r o f l a i c o s a s i m s i n i m e f t a h t s i m s i n i m e f t u o b a g n i k n i h t l a c ir o t s i h
g n i d n a t s r e d n u e h t n o s d n e p e d s c it il o p t s i n i m e f d n a s a e d i t s i n i m e f f o e c n e g r e m e
s e it e i c o s e h t f o l l a t s o m l a , t a h
t around t hewo lrd divided t hesexe sbased on t he
. n e m n a h t d e u l a v s s e l e r a n e m o w t a h t s e r e h p s l a c it il o p r o c i m o n o c e , l a r u tl u c
d n a l a i c e p s s ’ n e m o w n i h ti a f a e v a h f l e s ti t s i n i m e f ,s a e r e h
W dfiferen tmateiraltiy
: 2 9 9 1
( 1) ,which mean swomen are so specia lbecause t hey arecarrying severa l
o t g n i d r o c c
A AHandbookt oLtierature,f eminismi saposiiton i n general ,
t n e m e g a r u o c n e d n a y c a c o v d a h ti w s l a e d t I . n e m o w o t t u o g n it n i o p s y a w l a t o n t u b
a s t h g ir l a u q e s ’ n e m o w r o
f nd oppo truniite spoilitcally ,socially ,pshycologically ,
. ) 1 0 2 : 6 8 9 1 , n o m r a H d n a n a m l o H ( y ll a c it e h t s e a d n a , y ll a n o s r e p
n i s tr e b o R . V r a g d
E Wriitng abou tLtieraturesaid t he feminis tapproach
e n il u c s a m t u o b a y lt s o m s w o h s s y a d a w o n e r u t a r e ti l e h t t a h t s d l o
h -patirarcha lview
e u q it ir c t s i n i m e f e h T . d e z i m i n i m t s e b t a r o d e t a g e n s i n e m o w f o e l o r e h t h c i h w n i
e u q i n u d n a e c n a tr o p m i e h t t u o b a s s e n s u o i c s n o c e h t e s i a r o t s k e e s e r u t a r e ti l f o
o p n i t n e m e v o m t s i n i m e f e h t f o n o it c a e r e h t s a , e r u t a r e ti l n i n e m o w f o e r u t a
n ilitcs .
e h t m o r f s k r o w y r a r e ti l s u o ir a v e s i a r o t s e ir t e v it c e p s r e p t s i n i m e f e h t , m r o f n I
.) 0 7 2 : 5 9 9 1 ( n e m o w f o n o it a t n e s e r p e h t f o t n i o p d n a t s
d n a n e m w o h t u o b a n r e c n o c m s i n i m e f f o y r o e h t e h t t a h t e e s o s l a n a c e W
a c i m o n o c e , y ll a c it il o p l a u q e e b d l u o h s n e m o
w lly and socially jus t ilke wha t
m o r f e l p o e p d l o t s m a d
A The New American Encyclopedia abou tfeminism a sa
r o f m o d e e r f l a c it il o p e h t d n a l a ir t s u d n i , l a n o it a c u d e , l a i c o s e h t r o f t n e m e v o m
. ) 3 8 4 : 7 5 9 1 ( n e m s a s i s a b e m a s e h t n o n e m o w
r e h t o n
A rtue explanaiton abou t the idea o f feminism from the
a c i n n a ti r B f o a i d e p o l c y c n
E i sactually abou tthe equaltiy ,both fo rmen and
. n e m o
w Thehuman being sareborni nsuchanequa lposiitonanddigntiy ,sot hey
i n u tr o p p o e m a s e h t m i a l c o t e v a h y a m y e h t d n a s t h g ir e m a s e h t e v a
h ty
k o o b s i h n i r e l s s e r
B An Introduciton to L tierary C iritcism also give sa
n e m o w , tl u s e r a s A . n e m o w f o w e i v g n i d a r g e d e h t g n i g n a h c n i t n e m e t a t s r a e l c
t o t n a c if i n g i s n o n ‘ t o n e r a y e h t t a h t e z il a e r l li
w her ’because each o fthem i sa
valuable person which having the same p irvliege s and irght sjus t ilke men .
e v a h d n a s e v l e s m e h t e n if e d d l u o h s y e h t t a h t n o it a r a l c e d e h t g n i v i g e r a s t s i n i m e F
s t s i n i m e f , o S . tr a d n a n o it a c u d e , y t e i c o s , s c it il o p f o s a n e r a e h t n i s e c i o v n w o r i e h t
o t m a e r d a e v a
h createt hesocietywherebothmaleandf emalevoice sareequally
: 9 9 9 1 ( d e u l a
v 180) .
t u o b a s t c a f g n it s e r e t n i e h t d n u o f e b n a c t i k o o b s ’ r e l s s e r B n
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i d e h t h ti w m s i n i m e
f fferen tcharacte irzaiton so fCinderella from Viorst .Thi s
e h t t a h t s e z il a e r e h s y a d r e tf a y a d n e v e , n o i n i p o n w o r e h s a h r e t c a r a h c a ll e r e d n i C
, e c n e d n e p e d n i n w o r e h s tr e s s a e h S . ll a b e h t t a s a w e h s a e v it c a rt t a s a t o n s i e c n ir P
, a ll e r e d n i C d l o e h t e k il n u d n
a shet ake sanacitvepatri n creaitnganddetermining
d l o e h t t c e j e r o t e v a h d l u o h s n e m o w , t s r o i V o t g n i d r o c c A . e r u t u f d n a e fi l n w o r e h
e v a h t s u m o h w e r u t a e r c s s e l p l e h d n a , e v i s s a p , y p e e w , s s e l d n i m e r a y e h t t a h t s a e d i
c o t n a m a r o f t i a
w ome and make al fie meaningful .Each woman i sa valuable
s t e g d n a n o s r e
p thesamep irvliege sand irghtsj us tilkemen(Bressler ,1999 :179
.
C Review on Historica lBackground abou tWomen in Eilzabethan Time s d
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r i e h t m o r f r e w o p e h t t e g l li w n e m o w t a h t s i d n u o f y l n o m m o c s i h c i h w n r e tt a p
il s u o m a f a s i e r e h t , n e v E . e g a ir r a m h g u o r h t d n a b s u
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s e il i m a f r i e h t f o s r e b m e m e l a m e h t y b d e t a n i m o d y ll a t o t o s l a
(h ttp://www.eilzabethan-era.org.uk/eilzabethan-women.htm .)
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g o t d e w o ll a t o n l li t s e r e w y e h t , d e t a c u d e y l h g i h e r e w d o ir e p n a h t e b a z il E n
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s a h c u s y r w o d a g n ir b o t d e t c e p x e e r e w n e m o w n a h t e b a z il E e h t , e fi l e g a ir r a m
o t e v a h n e m o w n a h t e b a z il E e h t f o t s o M . y tr e p o r p e h t r o y e n o m f o t n u o m a e m o s
d n a d e ir r a m t e
g would be dependen ton he rmale relaitve sthroughou the rlfie
(h ttp://www.eilzabeth.iorg/us/women/) .
o t p u 8 5 5 1 s r a e y e h t n e e w t e b e v il o h w a r e n a h t e b a z il E n i n e m o w d n a l g n E
a h c r a ir t a p a h c u s n i d e v il 3 0 6
1 lsociety in a st irc tgende rrole .Women should
e l b a ti u s n u e b o t d e r e d i s n o c s i e fi l c il b u p e h t e li h w , k r o w c it s e m o d e h t o d o t d e e n
r e t n e r o e c if f o d l o h , e t o v , l o o h c s d n e tt a t o n d l u o c y e h T . ’ x e s r e k a e w ‘ e h t r o f
li h w , e c i v r e s c it s e m o d a n i t p e c x e s n o i s s e f o r
p et henoblef amiile sareconcerning
l u f r e w o p n e e w t e b s e c n a il l a e g r o f d l u o w t a h t e g a ir r a m g n i g n a r r a n o y li m a f
r e d n u g n i v il e r a n e m o w , y lt s o M . e n u tr o f y li m a f e h t e s a e r c n i d n a s e il i m a
f thecare
s r e b m e m y li m a f e l a m r e h t o r o r e h t a f y b s n o i s i v r e p u s d n a
(h ttp://wwwr.eference.com/moit /fhistory/women- ni -eilzabethan-england) .
r a ir t a p a n o d lr o w n a h t e b a z il E e h
T cha lsociety ,men were though tto be
e r e w n e m o w n a h t e b a z il E e h t r o f y ti r o j a m t s a v e h T . n e m o w o t r o ir e p u s
s a w n e m n o p u e c n e d n e p e d s ’ n e m o w , o S . s d n a b s u h r i e h t o t t n e i d e b o s e v i w e s u o h
t u b l a n o it o m e d n a l a c i s y h p y l n o t o
n alsoeconomical .Women areno tallowedt o
r o r o t c o d a e m o c e b t o n d l u o c y e h t ; y t e i c o s e h t n o s n o i s s e f o r p n i a tr e c r e t n e
t n a v r e s c it s e m o d a s a d e k r o w y e h t o s , n a i c it il o p
(h ttp://mura.luv.esj/adiazso/women) .
o t g n i d r o c c
A Shakespeare ,The Complete Worksedtied by G.B Har irson
s 0 9 5 1 f o s r a e y e h t g n ir u d y li m a f d n a n e m o w f o e fi l e h t t u o b a d e t a t s y l u rt h c i h w
e m a c e b r e d a e l a s a r e h t a f e h t d n a p i h s n o it a l e r y li m a f g n o rt s a g n i v a h e r a y e h t t a h t
n o it i d n o c s ’ n e m o w t u o b a t c a f e u rt e h T . n o s r e p t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h
t att ha t itmei s
. t o g y e h t h c i h w s t h g ir l a g e l w e f e h t t u o b a
y tr e p o r p f o y n a n w o o t e g n a h c y n a e v a h t ’ n s e o d n a m o w d e ir r a m a , n e v E
l o rt n o c e h t r e d n u e r a s n o i s s e s s o p r i e h t ll a , d e ir r a m t e g y d a e rl a y e h t n e h w e s u a c e b
r p d n a y r o e h t e h t h t o b n I . s d n a b s u h r i e h t f
o acitce tha tfathe ri sbecoming the
s i h f o e s o p s i d o t l o rt n o c l a t o t e h t g n i y a l p e r a o h w y li m a f e h t f o d a e h e m e r
