STRENGTHENING FOOD AND FEED SECURITY AND ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS

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“

STRENGTHENING FOOD AND FEED SECURITY

AND ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY

TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS

STRENGTHENING FOOD AND FEED SECURITY

AND ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY

TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS

PROCEEDING

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i

PROCEEDING

OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

BANDAR LAMPUNG

AUGUST 10-12, 2017

“Strengthening Food and Feed

Security and Energy Sustainability to

Enhance Competitiveness”

DEPARTEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

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iii

PROCEEDING

OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

BANDAR LAMPUNG

AUGUST 10-12, 2017

“Strengthening Food and Feed

Security and Energy Sustainability to

Enhance Competitiveness”

EDITORIAL TEAM :

Dr. Ir. Agus Haryanto, M.P.

Dr. Ir. Sugeng Triyono, M.Sc

Sri Waluyo, S.T.P., M.Si., Ph.D.

Dr. Ir. Sandi Asmara, M.Si

Dr. Diding Suhandy, S.T.P, M.Agr.

Dr. Mareli Telaumbanua, S.T.P., M.Sc.

Cicih Sugianti, S.T.P., M.Si.

Winda Rahmawati, S.T.P., M.Sc.

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iv

PROCEEDING OF ISAE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

BANDAR LAMPUNG, AUGUST 10-12, 2017

“Strengthening Food and Feed Security and Energy Sustainability to Enhance

Competitiveness”

ISBN

: 978-602-72006-2-3

Published by

: Departement of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,

University of Lampung

Address

:

Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro street, No. 1, Gedong Meneng, Rajabasa,

Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia 35141

E-mail

:

isae@fp.unila.ac.id

Published date

: February 2018

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, wether the whole or part of

the material is concerned, specifically he rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of ilustrations, recitation,

broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information

storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology

now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. In this

publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from

the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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v

PREFACE

Alhamdulillahirabbil

‘

alamin, I would like to express how grateful we are to finished

“

Proceeding of ISAE International Seminar 2017, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12, 2017 with

theme

“

Strengthening Food and Feed Security and Energy Sustainability to Enhance

Competitiveness

”

. We are here to communicate and gather dissemination of information and

research results in the field of agriculture as part of planning the development of agriculture in

the future towards food and biomass-based energy self-sufficiency. Through this proceeding,

we shared the problem, ideas, knowledge and technology to arrange solutions that

communicated and discussed at ISAE International Seminar, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12,

2017. This proceeding contains 118 papers that divided by 8 categories namely Agricutural

Engineering, Agribussiness, Agricutural Technology, Agricutural Science, Energy, Food, Natural

Resources, and Sistem and Agricultural Management from many universities and many

institutes in Indonesia.

I would like to extend gratitude for all authors of the proceeding who communicated and

shared their research results, editorial team who work together to executed this proceeding,

Agricultural Engineering Departement of University of Lampung, Faculty of Agriculture of

University of Lampung, University of Lampung, PERTETA and committee members. Salutations

to Dr. Ir. Sam Herodian, M.S. as Profressional Staff of The Minister of Agriculture of Republic of

Indonesia; Ir. Sutono, MM as Regional Secretary of Lampung Province; Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasriadi Mat

Akin, M.P. as Rector University of Lampung; Prof Dr. Ir. Irwan Sukri Banuwa, M.Si. as Dean of

Agricultural Faculty of University of Lampung; Prof. Mikio Umeda from Kyoto University, Japan;

Prof. Dr. Ir. Irwandi Jaswir, M.Sc. from International Islamic University, Malaysia; Dr. S. D. Filip

To, PHD. PE from Mississippi State University, USA; Dr. Rosanna Marie C. Amongo from

University of the Philippines Los Baños, The Philippines; Prof. Dr. Ir. Lilik Sutiarso, M.Eng. from

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia; and Prof. Raden Achmad Bustomi Rosadi, M.S. from

University of Lampung.

Last, we hope that you will have a great memories about the experience in Bandar Lampung

and the relationship that have managed at Seminar can become better in the future.

Best Regard,

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Proceeding of ISAE International Seminar, Bandar Lampung, August 10-12, 2017

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Andreas Wahyu Krisdiarto

: E.4

Anjar Suprapto

: A.2

Dewi Rumbaina Mustikawati

: D.20

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A.1 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYING RECIRCULATED DRYER FOR DRYING OF FLOURS MATERIALS

Abadi Jading, Nursigit Bintoro, Lilik Sutiarso, Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi

1

A.2 FIELD PERFORMANCE OF RICE COMBINE HARVESTER PROTOTYPE FOR TIDAL SWAMP LAND

Anjar Suprapto, Sulha Pangaribuan, Dony Anggit, Titin Nuryawati

9

A.3 DESIGN AND MODELLING OF TEA PICKER MACHINE (Camellia Sinensis (L). Kuntze) TYPE RECIPROCATING SINGLE CUTTER WITH A BATTERY POWER SOURCE

Anri Kurniawan, Bambang Purwantana, Lilik Sutiarso

15

A.4 A DRAFT FORCE CALCULATION FOR DITCHER IMPLEMENT ON SOYBEAN CULTIVATION UNDER SATURATED SOIL CULTURE

Azmi Asyidda Mushoffa, Wawan Hermawan, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan

23

A.5 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PRIME MOVER FOR OIL PALM FERTILIZER APPLICATOR

Desrial, Tineke Mandang, Dwi Budi Aswin, Taufik Nugraha

31

A.6 STUDY OF HIGH ELECTROSTATIC FIELD PRETREATMENT TO MAINTAIN POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF CHERRY TOMATO

Redika Ardi Kusuma, Lilik Pujantoro, Dyah Wulandani

37

A.7 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SEPARATION MECHANISMS OF PULP AND MANGOSTEEN SEEDS

Rosyid Ridho, Wawan Hermawan, Usman Ahmad

43

A.8 DESIGN OF MACHINE FOR SHELL REMOVAL OF OIL PALM SEED Tamrin, Kukuh Setiawan, Hanang Agung Prasetyo, Ardian M.

49

A.9 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF TEA SHOOTS CHOPPER: THE FISRT STEP TO OBTAIN OPTIMUM TEA STALKS AND TEA LEAVES SEPARATION

Agus Sutejo, Sutrisno, Wawan Hermawan, Desrial

57

A.10 FERTILIZING PERFORMANCE BY USING HAND GRANULE SPREADER TASCO GS-10 Gatot Pramuhadi, M. Ali Imran S, Henry Haryanto Yap

63

A.11 MODIFICATION OF CORN (Zea mays L.) SHELLER BY ELECTRIC MOTOR POWER SOURCE

Omil Charmyn Chatib, Santosa, Oggi Alif Riyanda

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xiii A.12 ANALYSIS OF WORKING CAPACITY AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF HAND TRACTOR

ON DRY LAND IN NAGARI TANJUNG BONAI LINTAU BUO UTARA TANAH DATAR Ifmalinda

77

A.13 CURING TOOL DESIGN OF MEAT AND FISH Indah Widanarti , Acep Ponadi, _{Muchlis Alahudin}

81

A.14 PERFORMANCE AND ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.) PLANTING TOOLS USING TUGAL MECHANISM

Rengga Arnalis Renjani, Putri Chandra Ayu, Rizki Aidil P. Putra, and Desrial

85

A.15 ANALYSIS OF BLADE FROM PORTABLE CHOPPER MACHINE FOR PALM OIL FROND USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Ramayanty Bulan, Safrizal, T. Saiful Bahri

91

A.16 DEVELOPMENT OF HOLER TOOL FOR PLASTIC MULCH WITH ELECTRIC HEATER R. Mislaini and Omil Charmyn Chatib

97

A.17 STUDY OF LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING WITH DOUBLE JACKET VACUUM EVAPORATOR FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF DRAGON FRUIT-MILK CANDY Bambang Susilo

107

A.18 PERFORMANCE TES OF COMPOST APPLICATOR Iqbal, Mahmud Achmad, Muhammad Tahir Sapsal

113

A.19 DEVELOPMENT OF SAWMILL-WASTE GRADING FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL UTILIZATION

Muhammad Makky, Leo Saputra Napitu, Khandra Fahmy

117

B : Agribusiness

B.1 CONCEPTION-ADOPTION MODEL OF CRYSTAL GUAVA (A CASE STUDY OF BANDUNG REGENCY, WEST JAVA) Mahra Arari Heryanto, Pandi Pardian, Adi Nugraha

125

B.2 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND AGROINDUSTRY LINKAGE IN CREATING REGIONAL ECONOMIC MULTIPLIER IN NEW REGIONAL AUTONOMY

Teguh Endaryanto, Lina Marlina

133

B.3 STRATEGY BUSINESS CILEMBU SWEET POTATOES CHIPS MAUTIK (CASE STUDY OF SWEET POTATOES CHIPS MAUTIK, CILEMBU VILLAGE, PAMULIHAN, SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA)

Aprilianti, Gema Wibawa Mukti

141

B.4 STUDY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP) IN IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND COCOA FARMERS INCOME

(CASE STUDY OF NATURAL AULIA FARMERS GROUP, KORONG AMBUNG KAPUA, NAGARI SUNGAI SARIAK, VII KOTO SUBDISTRICT, PADANG PARIAMAN DISTRICT, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE)

Lucyana Trimo, Syarif Hidayat, Yosini Deliana, Endah Djuendah

149

B.5 LOCAL PROCESSED FOOD INDUSTRY BASED CASSAVA IN IMPROVING RURAL ECONOMY

Fitriani, Bina Unteawati, Cholid Fatih

155

B.6 COSTUMER SATISFACTION ON COFFEE OF CAFE’S MARKETING Muhammad Arief Budiman, Endah Djuwendah, Eti Suminartika

159

B.7 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS OF CRYSTAL GUAVA IN THE DISTRICT OF CIMAUNG, REGENCY OF BANDUNG

Pandi Pardian, Mahra Arari Heryanto, and Dhany Esperanza

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xiv

B.8 RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF MANGO EXPORT- ORIENTED IN SEDONG, CIREBON

Tuti Karyani, Agriani Hermita, Hesty Nurul Utami, Hepi Hapsari, Elly Rasmikayati

171

B.9 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF TWO VARIETIES INPARI IN RICE FARM ENVIRONMENTLY FRIENDLY

Yulia Pujiharti and Zahara

185

B.10 MOTIVATION AND PARTICIPATION OF FOOD BARN MEMBERS IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE Indah Nurmayasari, Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi, Yuliana Saleh

189

B.11 FARMER READINESS FOR ADOPTING STEVIA CULTIVATION

(A CASE STUDY AT DISTRICT OF PASIR JAMBU, REGENCY OF BANDUNG) Dika Supyandi, Yayat Sukayat, Hepi Hapsari

193

B.12 ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS MODEL FOR POPULACE TEA PRODUCTION ENTERPISE ON CAP DUA PETANI GREEN TEA BAG PRODUCTS

(CASE STUDY GAPOKTAN KARYA MANDIRI SEJAHTERA, CIBODAS VILLAGE, PASIR JAMBU SUBDISTRICT, BANDUNG REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE)

Erlisa Yuniasih and Gema Wibawa Mukti

199

B.13 THE ROLE OF EXTENSION WORKER IN DEVELOPING URBAN FARMING IN CISARANTEN KIDUL BANDUNG CITY

Rani Andriani Budi Kusumo, Anne Charina, Yossini Deliana, Nurul Fazri

205

B.14 ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR INDONESIAN ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS

Muhammad Arief Budiman, Sulistyodewi Nur Wiyono, Eti Suminartika

211

C : Agricultural Technology

C.1 SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND GLUCOSE IN MIXTURE SOLUTION USING FTIR-ATR TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH PLS2 REGRESSION

Diding Suhandy, Meinilwita Yulia

219

C.2 NIR SPECTROSCOPY APPLICATION FOR DETERMINATION OF TRIGONELLINE AND CHLOROGENIC ACID (CGA) CONCENTRATION IN COFFEE BEANS

I Wayan Budiastra, Sutrisno, Sukrisno Widyotomo, Putri Chandra Ayu

227

C.3 DETECTION OF RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula) FRUIT QUALITY DURING STORAGE USING NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETER

Kusumiyati, Syariful Mubarok, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Farida, Wawan Sutari, Yuda Hadiwijaya, Ine Elisa Putri

233

C.4 RIGHT-ANGLE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED WITH PLS-DA FOR DISCRIMINATION OF INDONESIAN PALM CIVET COFFEE

Diding Suhandy, Meinilwita Yulia, Tetsuhito Suzuki, Yuichi Ogawa, Naoshi Kondo

247

C.5 RAPID AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE QUANTIFICATION OF CHLOROGENIC ACID IN INTACT COFFEE BEANS BY DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

Yusmanizar, Imas Siti Setiasih, Sarifah Nurjanah, Mimin Muhaeimin

253

C.6 NON-DESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION OF SWEETNESS AND FIRMNESS LEVEL FOR PAPAYA CALINA (Carica papaya L.) USING ULTRASONIC METHOD

Maman Setiawan, I Wayan Budiastra

257

C.7 A STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS SWEET POTATO CLONES (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Mardhiah Hayati, Sabaruddin, Efendi, Ashabul Anhar, Rita Hayati, Ari Sandi

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xv C.8 L-ASCORBIC ACID DETERMINATION USING FTIR-ATR TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY

COMBINED WITH PLS2 REGRESSION

Meinilwita Yulia, Diding Suhandy, Tetsuhito Suzuki, Yuichi Ogawa, Naoshi Kondo

269

C.9 ON-LINE MEASURING GRAIN MOISTURE CONTENT USING MICROWAVE PRINCIPLES Renny Eka Putri, Azmi Yahya, Nor Maria Adam, Samsuzana Abd Aziz

275

C.10 EFFECTS OF ANALYSIS METHOD IN PREDICTION CANE QUALITY USING NIR SPECTROSCOPY

Risvan Kuswurjanto, Linda Mustikaningrum

281

C.11 VIS-NIR PROXIMAL SENSING TO ESTIMATE SOIL TEXTURE

S.Virgawati, M. Mawardi, L. Sutiarso, S. Shibusawa, H. Segah, M. Kodaira

287

C.12 APPLICATION OF MICROCONTROLLER TO CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT OF A MUSHROOM HOUSE

Sugeng Triyono, Dermiyati, Jamalam Lumbanraja, Hanung Pramono, Aditya H. Probowo

297

C.13 NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY : FAST AND SIMULTANEOUS PREDICTION OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL NUTRIENTS CONTENT

Devianti, Zulfahrizal, Sufardi, Agus Arip Munawar

303

C.14 CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN COPRA AND COCONUT SHELL PROCESSING INDUSTRY Agus Margiwiyatno, Wiludjeng Trisasiwi, Anisur Rosyad

307

C.15 THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED CACAO BEANS IN SMALL-SCALE Dwi Dian Novita, Cicih Sugianti, Kartinia Sari

313

C.16 THE TASTE OF ROBUSTA COFFEE POWDER FROM CLOSED STEAMING SYSTEM PROCESS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE

Sapto Kuncoro, Lilik Sutiarso, Joko Nugroho, Rudiati Evi Masithoh

319

C.17 EVALUATION OF QUALITY AND LIFE STORED THE WHITE COPRA FROM DRYING PROCESS USING SOLAR TRAY DRYER TYPE

Murad, Rahmat Sabani, Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra

325

C.18 TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY CONTROL SYSTEM IN CURLY RED CHILI SEEDLING HOUSE USING ARDUINO UNO

Andasuryani, Santosa, M. Rizal

329

D : Agricultural Science

D.1 THE RESPONSES OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) CULTIVAR GRANOLA TO DIFFERENT MEDIA AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN IN VITRO CULTURE AND ACCLIMATIZATION IN MEDIUM LAND

Anne Nuraini, Erni Suminar, Neni Rostini, Dewi Susanti

337

D.2 POTENCY OF BIOFERTILIZER FOR INCREASING YIELD OF SOYBEAN ON THE DRYLAND ACID

Endriani

343

D.3 INCREASING OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF LOWLAND BY ENHANCING PLANTING INDEX (IP 200)

Hasbi, Daniel Saputra, Tri Tunggal

349

D.4 EFFECT OF MIXED CROPPING BETWEEN Brachiaria Humidicola GRASS WITH LEGUME ON DRY MATTER YIELD OF FORAGE, CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT AND CRUDE FIBER CONTENT OF GRASS

Iin Susilawati, U. Hidayat Tanuwiria, M. Fauzi Al Irsyad, Kania Ayu Puspadewi

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xvi

D.5 RESPONSE OF SEVERAL SOYBEAN VARIETIES ON ACID DRY LAND IN GUNUNG GEULIS BOGOR

Junaedi Prasetiyo, Prihanti Kamukten, Reza Y Purwoko, M. Muchlish Adie

357

D.6 NITROGEN, PHOSPHOR AND CALCIUM UPTAKE ON PADJADJARAN CORN HYBRID AS FEED FORAGE INTERCROPPED WITH SOY BEAN

Nyimas Popi Indriani, Yuyun Yuwariah, Sudarjat, Dedi Ruswandi, Anne Nuraini, Hepi Hapsari, Muhamad Kadapi

361

D.7 THE SELECTION OF LOCAL GENETIC SOURCE RICE POPULATION DIFFERENTIATED BY THEIR GENETIC MARKERS IN LOWLAND AND UPLAND ORGANIC ENVIRONMENT Saiful Hikam, Paul B. Timotiwu, Denny Sudrajat

365

D.8 COMPOSTING OF RICE STRAW

Sumiyati, I Wayan Tika, Yohanes Setiyo, I Putu Gede Budisanjaya

373

D.9 QUALITY OF POTATO SEEDS FROM SOME MODELS OF CULTIVATION AFTER STORAGE Yohanes Setiyo, Dewa Gde mayun Permana, IGA lani Triani, IBP Gunadnya

377

D.10 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE EFFICACY OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS INDUCING RESISTANCE IN MAIZE PLANTS TO CONTROL DOWNY MILDEW AND LEAF BLIGHT Cipta Ginting, Joko Prasetyo, Tri Maryono, Mila Safitri, Ika Ayuningsih

383

D.11 STRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR, AND PERFORMANCEOFRUBBER MARKETING IN SINTANG DISTRICT ON WEST KALIMANTAN

Dhanang Eka Putra, Slamet Hartono, Masyhuri, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati

389

D.12 A STUDY OF VIGOR OF STORABILITY OF SEEDS OF SOME SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) GENOTYPES WITH ACCELERATED AGEING

Eko Pramono, Muhammad Kamal, F. X. Susilo, Paul B. Timotiwu

399

D.13 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CASSAVA STARCH CM-CHITOSAN-ACRYLIC ACID HYDROGEL PREPARED FROM RADIATION-INDUCED CROSSLINKING

Gatot Trimulyadi Rekso

405

D.14 APPLICATION OF ONE CYCLE RED-BLUE ARTIFICIAL LIGHT IMPROVED THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM

I Made Anom Sutrisna Wijaya, Ni Wayan Anik Wahyuni, I Made Nada

411

D.15 ENDOPHYTE FUNGAL EXPLORATION FROM GRAMINAE ROOT WITH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER POTENTIAL

Mamat Kandar, I. Nyoman P. Aryantha, Sony Suhandono

419

D.16 ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS DURING THE GROWTH OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) IN SECOND PLANTING TIME WITH THE APPLICATION OF COMBINATION ORGANONITROFOS, INORGANIC FERTILIZERS, AND BIOCHAR Nyang Vania Ayuningtyas Harini, Dermiyati, Agus Karyanto, Ainin Niswati

425

D.17 THE SHIFTING OF WEED COMPOSITION AT SOME PLANT SPACING SETTINGS AND THE PROPORTION OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND COMPOST NITROGEN OF WHEAT CROP

Yosefina Mangera

433

D.18 THE EFFECT OF RATION BASED OF THE FERMENTED PALM OIL BY PRODUCT AND ZN-LYSINATE ON THE PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIBILITY GOAT

Muhtarudin, K. Adhianto, A. Haryanto, Liman, S. Tantalo. A. Ramadhani, M. T. Aldhi

441

D.19 CORN CROP WASTE PRODUCT ABSORPTION of N, P, and Ca at VARIOUS ALTITUDES IN THE WEST JAVA

Ana Rochana, Nyimas Popi Indriani, Rachmat Wiradimadja, Budi Ayuningsih, Dedi Rahmat, Tidi Dhalika, Heryawan Kemal Mustafa, Iin Susilawati

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xvii D.20 POTENTIAL OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE MATERIAL AS

NATURAL PESTICIDE Dewi Rumbaina Mustikawati

449

D.21 PADDY YIELDS INCREASING EFFORTS BY FERTILIZER DOSING TECHNOLOGY IN THREE SUB-DISTRICT PADDY PRODUCER CENTRE IN TULANG BAWANG BARAT DISTRICT

Kuswanta Futas Hidayat, Irwan Sukri Banuwa, Purba Sanjaya

455

D.22 THE USE OF BACTERIA Coryne bacterium ANTAGONISTS AS PREVENTIVE ACTIONS TO REDUCE MAIN DISEASES IN RICE

Nila Wardani and Yulia Pujiharti

461

D.23 PERFORMANCE OF GROWTH,DISEASE, AND PRODUCTION OF HOT CHILI BY APPLYING SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE

Nila Wardani and Nina Mulyanti

467

E : Energy

E.1 ISOLATION OF CELLULASE ENZYME FROM COW RUMEN TO HYDROLYZE NYPA MIDRIB IN PRODUCING BIO-ETHANOL

Wiludjeng Trisasiwi, Agus Margiwiyatno, Gunawan Wijonarko, Erni Astutiningsih, Nova Damayanti

473

E.2 ENERGY EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION IN RICE STORAGING WITH VARIATIONS’ TECHNOLOGY AND GETTING THE BEST QUALITY RICE IN PLASTIC SACKS Indriyani, Nur’aeni, Ria Delta, Lies Kumaradewi

479

E.3 KINETICS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL THROUGH MICROWAVE-ASSISTED TRANSESTRIFICATION REACTION

Agus Haryanto, Melauren Oktavina Renata, Sugeng Triyono

483

E.4 PHYSICAL DIMENSION OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT BUNCH AT MINERAL AND PEAT LAND

Andreas Wahyu Krisdiarto, Daru Tri Hidayat

489

E.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PLANT MICROBIAL FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA’S RURAL AREA

Dwi Cahyani, Agus Haryanto

493

E.6 ENERGY AUDITING IN CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL) PRODUCTION PROCESS S. Endah Agustina

499

E.7 LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ANALYSIS OF OIL PALM PLANTATION SYSTEM FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN ACEH PROVINCE

Kiman Siregar, Agus Arif Munawar, Syafriandi, Edi Iswanto Wiloso, Saminuddin B.Tou

505

E.8 PROCESS ANALYSIS OF RAW PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING SINGLE FEEDING SYSTEM

Nuraeni Dwi Dharmawati, Gading Yulta Farida, Wahyono, Rengga Arnalis Renjani

513

E.9 INDONESIAN PALM OIL: FROM GLOBAL MARKET TO DOMESTIC MARKET FOR BIOFUEL

Sakti Hutabarat

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xviii

F : Food

F.1 STUDY CONTROL OF Salmonella Sp. CONTAMINATION ON WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) USING NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL FROM EXTRACT OF CHERRY TOMATOES FRUITS (Lycopersicum cerasiformae Mill.)

Dewi Sartika, Suharyono A. S, Febry Darma Putri

531

F.2 PROTECTION OF FISHMEAL PROTEIN WITH TAMMARIND SEED TANNIN ON FERMENTABILITY, DRY MATTER AND ORGANIC MATTER DIGESTIBLE, AND UNDEGRADED DIETARY PROTEIN IN VITRO

U. Hidayat Tanuwiria, A Budiman, Iin Susilawati, Thomas Julian

539

F.3 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VEGETABLE OILS AS COATING MATERIALS TO REDUCE DETERIORATION OF TOMATO FRUIT DURING STORAGE

I Made Supartha Utama, Made Arya Nugeraha Inggas, Nirma Yopita Sari Tarigan, N. L. Yulianti, Pande Ketut Diah Kencana, Gede Arda, G. Luther

547

F.4 EFFECT OF SOYBEAN DIET TO IMPROVE FAT ACCUMULATION: A REVIEW Sienny Muliaty, Prihanti P. Kamukten, Reza Y. Purwoko, Lili Indrawati, Erliana Ginting

555

F.5 THE PROFILE OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT AS A NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS IN REDUCING E. Coli

Dewi Sartika, Sutikno, Syarifah R.M

565

F.6 RESPONSE OF COCOA (Theobroma cacao L.) SEEDLING TOWARDS WATERING INTERVAL AND SHELTER DENSITY

Yudithia Maxiselly, Jessica Amanda Claudia, Cucu Suherman

569

F.7 SHELF LIFE STUDY OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (WPC) AT VARIOUS PACKAGING MATERIALS WITH ACCELERATED SHELF LIFE TESTING (ASLT) APPROACH

K. Dewi T. Pasaribu, Robi Andoyo, Efri Mardawati

573

F.8 STABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY ANALYSIS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SEVEN RED PEPPER (Capsicum sp.) GENOTYPES

Neni Rostini, Noladhi Wicaksana, Sudarjat, Anas, Anne Nuraini, Endjang Sujitno, Taemi Fahmi, Liferdi, Yati Haryati, Triasfitriya, Masayu

583

F.9 STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR : TREND PURCHASE OF COFFEE AND THEIR OPINION TO VARIETY OF PRODUCTS AND POTENTIAL OF THE COFFEE SHOP

Elly Rasmikayati, Pandi Pardian, Hepi Hapsari, Risyad M. Ikhsan, Bobby Rachmat Saefudin

589

F.10 EFFECT OF PARITY ON MILK YIELD AND LACTATION LENGTH OF ANGLO NUBIAN GOATS

Lisa Praharani, Rantan Krisnan, Rahmat Quanta Supryati

597

F.11 ANALYSIS OF MINIMIZING THE SOYBEAN IMPORT IN INDONESIA: FORECAST OF ITS PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

Agus Hudoyo, Indah Nurmayasari

601

G : Natural Resources

G.1 THE APPLICATION OF TERRACE AND GABION ON SLOPE STABILIZATION Asep Sapei, Eko Santoso Pajuhi

607

G.2 CLIMATE CHANGE ON MAXIMUM RAINFALL DAN FLOOD AT BANDAR LAMPUNG Mohamad Amin, Ridwan, Ahmad Tusi

613

G.3 GROWTH PATTERNS AND CONDITION FACTORS OF SNAKEHEAD FISH (Channa sriata (Bloch, 1793)) IN THE FLOOD PLAIN AREA OF SEBANGAU PALANGKA RAYA

Elen Selviana, Ridwan Affandi, M. Mukhlis Kamal

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xix G.4 APPLICATION METHOD OF BIOCHAR ON THE SOIL AMELIORATION TO INCREASE

PRODUCTION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) Etik Puji Handayani

627

G.5 FLOOD HANDLING SOLUTION BASED ON FLOOD RATE REVIEW AND EFFECTIVE CAPACITY OF RIVER (CASE STUDY OF KRUENG PEUSANGAN WATERSHED) Ichwana and Dewi Sri Jayanti

633

G.6 UTILIZATION OF PADDY WASTE AS A SOIL AMENDMENTS AND IT IS EFFECT ON SOIL PROPERTIES OF ULTISOLS UPLAND EAST LAMPUNG

Junita Barus and Soraya

639

G.7 UTILIZATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR EMPOWERMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE-TRIGGERED DISASTER VICTIMS

Prakoso Bhairawa Putera, Rita Nur Suhaeti, Akmadi Abbas

643

G.8 THE LAND CONSERVATION EFFORTS FOR WATERSHED’S HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTION Sitti Nur Faridah, Mahmud Achmad, Elsa Hasak Almunawwarah

649

G.9 OPTIMIZATION OF BIOFILTRATION PROCESS FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF RAW WATER FROM POLLUTED RIVER WATER

Suprihatin, Mohamad Yani, Endah Purwa Ari Puspitaningrum

655

G.10 LAND MANAGEMENT FOR FULFILLING REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY OF GRAIN FOOD

Dewi Sri Jayanti, Mustafril, Ichwana, Fitriani

661

G.11 AGROTECHNOLOGY APPROACH OF LABORATORIUM LAPANG TERPADU FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG BY LAND UNITS

Iskandar Zulkarnain, Irwan Sukri Banuwa, Tamaluddin Syam, Henrie Buchari

671

G.12 INTEGRATION OF OPERATION SYSTEM BETWEEN DAM AND WEIR WITH DIFFERENT TIME BASE FOR IRRIGATION

Ridwan, Putu Sudira, Sahid Susanto, Lilik Sutiarso

681

G.13 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AND SAND AS MEDIA LAYER IN GREEN ROOF VEGETATED WITH Arachis pintoi : THERMAL AND WATER QUALITY

Yudi Chadirin, Shinta Agustia, Umniah Hanesti, Miselia Axteria, Kartika Pramesthi, Yanuar Chandra Wirasembada, Satyanto K. Saptomo

691

H : System and Agricultural Management

H.1 FARMERS RESPOND TO SCHOOL FIELD MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED PLANT CORN (SLPTT-JAGUNG)

(CASE IN MEKAR LAKSANA FARMER GROUP, ARJASARI SUB-DISTRICT, BANDUNG DISTRICT)

Hepi Hapsari, Anne Nuraini, Nyi Mas Popi Indriani, Tuti Karyani, Yuyun Yuwariah

695

H.2 THREATS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS OF WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

Iwan Setiawan, Siska Rasiska, Adi Nugraha

701

H.3 STUDY ON FOOD SECURITY IN RICE PRODUCTION CENTER (SURVEY IN BUAHDUA DISTRICT, SUMEDANG-WEST JAVA)

Lies Sulistyowati, Ananda Putri Sari, Trisna Insan Noor, Iwan Setiawan, Hepi Hapsari

707

H.4 SEDIMENT YIELD CALCULATION ON A RESERVOIR USING SWAT MODEL Putu Sudira, Bayu Dwi Apri N, Abdul Holik

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xx

H.5 COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF COCOA IN TANGGAMUS, LAMPUNG PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Rusdi Evizal, Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi, Maria Christina Pasaribu, Ivayani, Lestari Wibowo, Winda Rahmawati, Agus Karyanto

725

H.6 FARMER’S UNDERSTANDING ON ECOFRIENDLY FARMING SYSTEM

(CASE STUDY ON VEGETABLE’S FARMER IN SUKAMANAH VILLAGE, SUBDISTRICT OF PANGALENGAN, DISTRICT OF BANDUNG, WEST JAVA)

Syarif Hidayat, Taupik, Lucyana Trimo

733

H.7 ENGAGING FARMERS’ COMMUNITY IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSE AND ADAPTATION PLANS: CASE STUDY SEDAYU, TANGGAMUS REGENCY, LAMPUNG PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Tumiar Kataruna Manik, Bustomi Rosadi, Onny Krisna Pandu Perdana

739

H.8 FARMER GROUP: AN ACCELERATOR TO DEVELOP UNPAD CHILLI SEED (PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION)

Yayat Sukayat, Hepi Hapsari, Neni Rostini, Yosini Deliana, Iwan Setiawan, Dika Supyandi

749

H.9 READINESS OF ORGANIC VEGETABLES FARMER GROUPS IN DEALING MEA Anne Charina, Rani Andriani Budi Kusumo, Agriani Hermita, Yosini Deliana

753

H.10 IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS INNOVATION PROCESS FOR STRATEGIC EXPORT COMMODITY IN PT MALABAR KOPI INDONESIA THROUGH HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Devi Maulida Rahmah, Fahmi Rizal, S. Rosalinda

759

H.11 FORMULATING POLICIES IN FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

MANAGEMENT TO MEET FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMS AND EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET IN INDONESIA

Ardiyanto W. Nugroho

765

H.12 URBAN FARMING: A POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE (A CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG CITY) Ari Ganjar Herdiansah, Adi Nugraha, Oekan S. Abdoellah

773

H.13 THE POTENTIAL OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN FARMING DEVELOPMENT Suryani and Rini Fitri

777

H.14 EVALUATION ON RSPO STANDARD APPLICATION OF OIL PALM KKPA SMALLHOLDERS TOWARDS CERTIFICATION IN KAMPAR KIRI TENGAH SUB-DISTRICT, KAMPAR

DISTRICT: APPLICATION OF RAPFISH APPROACH Novia Dewi, Sakti Hutabarat, Suardi Tarumun

781

H.15 THE COMMUNITY ABILITY IN SUPPORTING THE LOCAL RESOURCE-BASED

PRODUCTIVE EFFORT IN FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENT VILLAGES OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE Kordiyana K. Rangga

785

H.16 MODEL AND STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF FOOD SECURITY IN METRO BASED ON EMERGENCY STATUS

Sandi Asmara, Roni Kastaman, Ace Setiawan, Ade Moetangad

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A

AGRICULTURAL

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1

A.1 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYING

RECIRCULATED DRYER FOR DRYING OF FLOURS MATERIALS

Abadi Jading

1

_{, Nursigit Bintoro}

1

_{, Lilik Sutiarso}

1

_{, Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi}

1

1_{Departement of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Papua University, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban,}

Manokwari, West Papua, 98314, Indonesia

2_{Departement of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University,}

Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

Email: a_jading@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The development of Pneumatic Conveying Dryer (PCD) or flash dryer for drying out high

water-containing flour materials can be implemented by continuously recycling the materials. The

recirculation process may increase the residence time of the materials, and reduce the length of drying

pipes (the dryer’s height) on PCD machine. In this research, the PCD machine had been developed into

Pneumatic Conveying Recirculated Dryer (PCRD) with LPG fuel. The objective of this research was to

evaluate the performance of PCRD machine in order to determine effects of drying process variable

variations on values of Effective Heat Efficiency (EHE), Heat Utilization Factor (HUF), and Coefficient of

Performance (COP) using mathematical and statistical analysis. The mathematical analysis result from

variation of drying process variable obtains HUF value of 70.383%, EHE at 78.819% and COP at

29.617%. The mathematical analysis result su

ggests that HUF value is greater than COP’s. It shows that

the use of heat in the dryer is considerably effective. The smaller the COP value, the better the dryer’s

performance. The results of statistical analysis with one-way anova test show that variable variations

significantly affecting EHE are drying air temperature (T

u3

), the length of the recirculation or drying

pipes (L

p

), the diameter of outlet pipe on recirculation cyclone (D

Acrb

), and the blower’s air velocity on

recirculation cyclone (V

ucrb

). Meanwhile, the variable variations significantly affecting HUF and COP are

v

u

, L

p

, and D

Acrb

. It demonstrates that PCRD machine has a good performance, making it suitable for use

in the drying process of flour materials with high moisture content.

Keywords : COP, EHE, flour, HUF, performance, pneumatic conveying recirculated dryer.

I. INTRODUCTION

The development of Pneumatic Conveying Dryer (PCD) or flash dryer for drying out high-containing flour materials can be implemented by continuously recycling the materials. The recirculation process may increase the residence time of the materials, and reduce the length of drying pipes (the dryer’s height) on PCD machine. The research on Pneumatic Conveying Dryer (PCD) machine has been conducted by [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], and [6]. However, these studies do not involve the continuous materials recirculating process, such as the pipe’s length and recirculated cyclone-shaped manifold. In this research, PCD machine had been developed into Pneumatic Conveying Recirculated Dryer (PCRD) with LPG fuel. The analysis result conducted by [7] has obtained PCRD machine performance based on the average value of gas fuel (Ebbg) of 945.80 kJ, and electrical energy (Em) of 1074.24 kJ, which is used for 427.78 seconds (7.13 minutes). The required fuel gas power is 23.047 kJ/s, with dryer’sheat flow rate (qu) of 17.29 kJ/s. The analysis results show that the average values of Specific Energy Utilization (SEU) and heating efficiency obtained on the PCRD machine are 10730.29 kJ/kg and 76.73%.

The drying performance based on the values of HUF, COP, and EHE performed by [8] has evaluated the performance of trolley dryer for drying up rice, [9] evaluated the performance characteristics of solar cooker cum dryer, and [10] evaluated the performance of modified green house dryer. These results suggest that evaluation of PCRD machine’s performance on HUF, COP, and EHE has never been done, making it a novelty in this research.

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Jading et al. : Evaluation of The Performance...

2

II. MATERIALSANDMETHODS

A. Materials and Equipments

The materials used in this research were wet sago starch obtained from Tulung, Klaten, Central Java. Sago starch mass used was 81 kg. The sago starch was produced from sago tree (Metroxylon sagus rottb or Metroxylon rumphii Mart) through the process of size reduction and extraction process. The sago starch generally has a moisture content of 45-50% wb. The main equipment used was the PCRD machine produced in this research. The schematic illustration of PCRD machine can be seen in Fig. 1. The PCRD machine comprised of seven main components (units), namely LPG-fueled heating stove, disintegrator (centrifugal blower with 3 phase electric motor drive, 380V, 2 hp), input feeder (geared cylinder with 1 phase electric motor drive, 220V, 1 hp), recirculated-shape drying pipe (vertical and horizontal), manifold (recirculation cyclone and materials separator, and centrifugal blower with 1 phase electric motor drive, 220V, 1 hp), materials output cyclone, and control panel. Meanwhile, others aids used were ESTICO manual hydraulic, Lutron TM 946 digital thermometer, Krisbow KW06-291 digital hygrometer meters, Krisbow airflow meter, Lutron Tacho meters, OHAUS three-digit digital scales, and Memmert electric oven. The various drying process variables on PCRD machine can be seen in Table 1. The varied variables were 9. Each variable was put into variation 3 times, with 3 repetitions.

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3 Table 1. Variable and Variation Value on PCRD Machine

Variation of Drying Process Variables Symbol Value of Variation Units

Initial moisture content of materials Mib 21, 31, 41 %wb

Drying air velocity vu 15, 28, 31 m/s

Drying air temperature Tu3 75, 100, 125 o_C

Resirculation pipe length Lp 9.38, 11.38, 13.38 m

Recirculation cyclone cylinder height Lscrb 0.27, 0.54, 0.81 m Outlet pipe diameter on recirculation cyclone DAscrb 0.1016, 0.17, 0.22 m Outlet pipe length on recirculation cyclone LAcrb 0.2, 0.37, 0.65 m Blower’s air velocity on recirculation cyclone vucrb 10.75, 12.75, 15.75 m/s

Materials input capacity Qib 0.00208, 0.00278, 0.00417 kg/s

B. Mathematical Analysis

The performance of dryer can be evaluated based on the values of Heat Utilization Factor (HUF), Coefficient of Performance (COP), and Effective Heat Efficiency (EHE). HUF is the decreasing temperature ratio due to air cooling during the drying, and temperature rise due to air heating ([8], [9], [10], [11], [12] ).

%

where Tu3 is the dryer’s air temperature (o_{C), Top is the air temperature coming out of the dryer (}o_{C), Tling is ambient} (environment) air temperature (o_C).

Coefficient of Performance (COP) is the difference of air temperature coming out of the dryer (Top) with ambient temperature (Tling) divided by dryer’s air temperature (Tu3) and ambient temperature (Tling). In the opinion of [11] and [12], the relationship between HUF and COP is HUF = 1- COP, or HUF+COP= 1. In this research, COP value is expressed by Equation 2 ([8], [11]).

where Top is the air temperature coming out of the dryer (o_{C), Tling is ambient (environment) air temperature (}o_C), and Tu3 is the dryer’s air temperature (ºC).

Effective Heat Efficiency (EHE) can be viewed as sensible heat in drying air, as an effective heat for drying [11]. In this research, EHE values are calculated based on Equation 3 ([8], [11]).

%

where Tu3 is the dryer’s air temperature (o_{C), Top is the air temperature coming out of the dryer (}o_{C), and Twib is the} air temperature of wet bulb (o_C).

C. Statistical Analysis

In order to determine effects of each variable’s variation on HUF, COP, and EHE, statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova test and Duncan's advanced test. The assumption or hypothesis used is the initial hypothesis (Ho): there is no difference on the average result of variable’s treatment on HUF, COP, and EHE. And the alternative hypothesis (Ha): there is a difference of average result of variable’s treatment on HUF, COP, and EHE, with the level of significance (α) 0.05. Anova analysis was also used by [13] to evaluate the performance and use of impinging stream dryer energy.

III. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION

The mathematical and statistical analysis results using one-way anova testing on the effects of drying process variables on PCRD machine on the values of HUF, COP, and EHE will be presented in Fig. 2, 3, and 4. The HUF value obtained from the mathematical analysis using Equation 1 is 65-80%, with values of Top, Tu3, Tling of 50-580_C, 75-1000_{C, and 28-35}0_{C, respectively. The graph of effects of variation variables of PCRD machine on HUF can be seen} in Fig. 2. Meanwhile, HUF value on several drying machines, such as trolley cum batch dryer is 52% (Alam and Sehgal, 2014), solar cooker cum dryer is 0.1-0.57 or 10-57% ([9]), and the green house dyer is 0.0.53 or 12-53% ([10]). In the opinion of [12], the HUF value is the ratio between the temperature drop due to air cooling caused by the use of heat in the dryer, and the temperature rise caused by air heating during the drying process. The HUF value is greater than the COP’s because it is the value of heat use in the dryer.

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28-Jading et al. : Evaluation of The Performance...

4

350_{C, respectively. Meanwhile the COP value of several drying machines are: trolley-cum-batch dryer for drying} up grain is 51.5% ([8]), solar cooker cum dryer is 0.43-0.8 or 43-80% ([9]), and the green house dryer is 0.55-0.87 or 55-87% ([10]). According to [11], the smaller the COP value, the better the performance of a drying machine.

It is because if the exit air temperature is equal to the ambient air temperature, the drying process is considered good – as the entire heat exhaled from the incoming temperature can be absorbed completely by the dryer, sothat its performance in utilizing heat will be good also. The sum of HUF and COP values equals to one.

The graph of effects of variation variables on PCRD machine on EHE can be seen in Fig. 4. The graph shows that the EHE value of the drying process on PCRD machine is between 70-90%. The EHE value is obtained from mathematical analysis using Equation 3 with values of Top, Twib and Tu3of 50-580_{C, 38.6}0_{C and 75-100}0_C, respectively. The EHE value in trolley cum batch dryer is 40.4% ([8]). According to [11], EHE value considers the sensible heat in the dryer’s air as the effective heat for drying.

Fig. 2. Effect of drying process variable of PCRD machine on HUF

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5 Fig. 4. Effect of drying process variable of PCRD machine on EHE

The significance level of each variation variable (Mib, vu, Tu3, Lp, Lscrb, DAcrb, LAcrb, vucrb, and Qib) of PCRD machine on HUF, COP, and EHE values based on statistical analysis using anova test and Duncan's advanced test can be seen in Table 2. Table 2 shows that the variables Mib, Lscrb, LAcrb, and Qib have no significant effect on HUF, COP, and EHE.

Table 2. Effects of Variation Variable on HUF, COP and EHE Parameter of Performance on PCRD Machine Drying Process Variable

Mib vu Tu3 Lp Lscrb DAcrb LAcrb vucrb Qib

HUF b a b a b a b b b

COP b a b a b a b b b

EHE b b a a b a b a b

Note: a_significant,b_{not significant}

A. Effects of Initial Moisture Content of Materials (Mib) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova test result of Mib effect on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0.388. As the value is 0.388>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means there is no significant difference in average treatment of Mib variation (21, 31, and 41% wb) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different groups. The anova test result of Mibeffect on COP shows that the probability value of significance is 0.388. As the value is 0.388>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in average treatment of Mibvariation (21, 31, and 41% wb) to COP. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova test result of effects of Mib on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.222. As the value is 0.222>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in average treatment of Mib variation (21, 31, and 41% wb) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group.

B. Effect of drying air velocity (vu) on HUF, COP, and EHE

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6

the value is 0.081> 0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in average treatment of vu variations (15, 28, and 31 m/s) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, i.e.vu 31 with 28 m/s, and vu 28 with 15 m/s.

C. Effects Drying Air Temperature (Tu3) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova test result of effects of Tu3 on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0.064. As the value is 0.064>0.05, Ho accepted and Ha rejected. That is, there is no significant difference of average treatment of Tu3 variations(75, 100, and 1250_{C) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two} different groups, i.e. Tu3 75 with 100o_{C, and Tu3 100 with 125}o_{C. The anova test result of Tu3 effect on COP shows} that the probability value of significance is 0,064. As the value is 0.064>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of Tu3 variations (75, 100, and 125o_{C) on COP.} Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, i.e. Tu3 125 with 100o_{C, and} Tu3 100 with 75o_{C. The anova test result of Tu3 effect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is} 0,028. Asthe value is 0.028<0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in the average treatment of Tu3 variation (75, 100, and 125o_{C) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results} show that there are two different groups, namely Tu3 125 with 1000_{C, and Tu3 100 with 75}o_C.

D. Effects of Recirculation Pipeline Length (Lp) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova test result of Lp effect on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0,009. As the value is 0.009<0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in average treatment of Lp variation (9.38, 11.38, and 13.38 m) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, i.e. Lp 11.38 with 9.38 m, and Lp 13.38 m. The anova test result of effects of Lp on COP shows that the probability value of significance is 0.009. As the value is 0.009 <0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in average treatment of Lp variations (9.38, 11.38, and 13.38 m) on COP. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, i.e. Lp 13.38 m, and Lp 9.38 with 11.38 m. The anova test result of Lp effect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.036. As the value is 0.036<0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in average treatment of Lp variations (9.38, 11.38, and 13.38 m) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, i.e. Lp 9.38 with 11.38 m, and Lp 13.38 m.

E. Effects of Recirculation Cyclone Cylinder Height (Lscrb) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova test result of Lscrb effect on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0.386. As the value is 0.386>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in average treatment of Lscrbvariations (0.27, 0.54, and 0.81 m) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova test result of Lscrb effect on COP shows that the probability value of significance is 0.386. As the value is 0.386>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in average treatment of Lscrb variations (0.27, 0.54, and 0.81 m) on COP. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova test result of Lscrb effect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.333. As the value is 0.333>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of Lscrb variations (0.27, 0.54, and 0.81 m) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group.

F. Effects of Outlet Pipe Diameter on Recirculation Cyclone (DAcrb) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova testing result of DAcrb effect on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0.000. As value is 0.000<0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, there is a significant difference on average treatment of DAcrb variations (0.1016, 0.17, and 0.22 m) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, namely DAcrb 0.17, 0.1016, and 0.22 m. The anova testing result of DAcrb effect on COP shows that the probability value of significance is 0.000. As the value is 0.000<0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in the average treatment of DAcrbvariation (0.1016, 0.17, and 0.22 m) on COP. Further test results show that based on the Duncan test, there are three different groups. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, namely DAcrb 0.22, 0.1016, and 0.17 m. The anova testing result of DAcrbeffect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.000. As the value is 0.000 <0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in the average treatment of DAcrb variations (0.1016, 0.17, and 0.22 m) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, namely DAcrb 0.17 with 0.1016 m, and DAcrb 0.22 m.

G. Effects of Outlet Pipe Length on Recirculation Cyclone (LAcrb) on HUF, COP, and EHE

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7 significance is 0.933. As the value is 0.933>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of LAcrb variations (0.2, 0.37, and 0.65 m) on COP. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova testing result of LAcrb effect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.904. As the values is 0.904>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of LAcrb variations (0.2, 0.37, and 0.65 m) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group.

H. Effects of Blower’s Air Velocity on Recirculation Cyclones (vucrb) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova testing result of vucrb effect on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0.239. As the value is 0.239>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of vucrb variations (10.75, 12.75, and 15.75 m/s) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. Anova testing results of vucrb effect on COP shows that the probability value of significance of 0.239. As the value is 0.239>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of vucrb variations (10.75,12.75, and 15.75 m/s) on COP. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova testing result of vucrb effect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.021. As the value of 0.021<0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. That is, there is a significant difference in the average treatment of vucrb variations (10.75, 12.75, and 15.75 m/s) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there are two different groups, namely vucrb 10.75 with 12.75 m/s, and vucrb 15.75 m/s.

I. Effects of Materials Input Capacity (Qib) on HUF, COP, and EHE

The anova testing result of Qib effect on HUF shows that the probability value of significance is 0.573. As the value is 0.573>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in average treatment of Qib variations (0.00208, 0.00278, and 0.00417 kg/s) on HUF. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova testing result of Qib effect on COP shows that the probability value of significance is 0.573. As the value is 0.573>0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the mean treatment of Qib variation (0.00208, 0.00278, and 0.00417 kg/s) on COP. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group. The anova test result of Qib effect on EHE shows that the probability value of significance is 0.475. As the value is 0.475<0.05, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. That is, there is no significant difference in the average treatment of Qib variations (0.00208, 0.00278, and 0.00417 kg/s) on EHE. Based on the Duncan test, further test results show that there is no different group.

IV.CONCLUSION

The values of HUF, COP, and EHE obtained based on effects of variation variables on PCRD machine are 65-80%, 20-25%, and 70-90%. The variables that significantly affect HUF and COP are vu, Lp, and DAcrb. Meanwhile, the variables that significantly affect EHE are Tu3, Lp, and DAcrb. It indicates that PCRD machine has proper performance for use in the drying process of flour materials.

NOMENCLATURE

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8

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9

A.2 FIELD PERFORMANCE OF RICE COMBINE HARVESTER PROTOTYPE

FOR TIDAL SWAMP LAND

Anjar Suprapto

1

_{, Sulha Pangaribuan}

1

_{, Dony Anggit}

1

_{, Titin Nuryawati}

1

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development Situgadung, P.O Box 2, Serpong 15310, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia

E-mail : anjarsup@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Currently, the conversion rate of paddy fields to non-farm area in Java reaches 100,000 ha per year. On

the other hand, rice consumption of Indonesian people increases until 1-2% a year. If rice consumption

of Indonesian people is 135 kg per capita per year, there is a need of 38.49 million tons of rice per year.

The addition of this rice production amount can be increased by utilizing the potential of swamp land

(sub optimal land) which is spread over Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. The potential for

large swamps requires agricultural mechanization. Application of paddy combine harvester is one

solution to overcome the lack of labuor on harvesting. Development of harvesting machinery for tidal

swamp land should pay attention to the physical characteristic of the land conditions. BBP-Mektan has

developed a location-specific mini spot combine for tidal swamp land with a ground pressure value of

0.13 kg/cm² in 2015-2016. Combine engine performance test used SNI test method No. 8185:2015 with

the main performance test parameters including capacity, efficiency, speed of work, and slip. From the

research result, it was found that the prototype of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp

land can operate well in Types B tidal swamp land. Prototype of mini combine paddy harvesting machine

for tidal swamp land had a capacity of 7.37 h/ha or equivalent to 0.14 ha/h, average working speed of

1.76 km/h, average slip of 0.63%, and the average working efficiency of 65.83%.

Keywords : performance test, paddy combine harvester, swamp land.

I.INTRODUCTION

The Ministry of Agriculture noted that the current rate of conversion of paddy fields to non-sawah in Java reaches 100,000 ha per year. This depreciation rate is certainly not comparable with the addition of new paddy fields of about 37,000–45,000 hectares per year. On the other hand, the increase of Indonesian people's rice consumption reaches 1-2% per year. Assuming that rice consumption is 135 kg per capita per year, then 38.49 million tons of rice has to be provided annually. Technological innovation, production facilities, expansion of planting areas, and development new paddy fields are examples effort to increase national rice production.

The remaining land for agricultural development is sub-optimal land that requires high inputs with low accessibility, including dry land soils, dry climate dry lands, peat swamps, tidal swamp lands and degraded lands (Masganti, 2013; Sawiyo, et al., 2000).

The addition rice production can be enhanced by developing the potential of swamp land (sub optimal land) which spread over the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. According to Haryono (2013), the area of swamp land that has been utilized for agricultural land is approximately 2.270 million Ha (23.8%), the remaining 7.26 million ha (76.2%) has not been utilized. Some agricultural research have indicated that tides processing in tidal fields can increase yield (Noorsyamsi and Hidayat, 1973 and Anwarham, 1989).

Tidal land is a land whose water regime is affected by sea or river tides, whereas Lebak is a land regime that is affected by rainfall, either down in the local area or in the surrounding area and upstream of the river (Wayan, 2005).

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Suprapto et al. : Field Performance of Rice...

10

Development of agricultural machinery and equipment in addition to increasing the area can also increase productivity and resource efficiency, reduce yield loss and increase product value-added (Jumberi and Alihamsyah, 2005).

Combine harvester is a large-scale harvesting tool having capacity about 2 h/ha. The combine harvester suppresses losses by up to 2.0% (Umar, 2014).

Development of combine harvester for tidal swamp land should consider to the physical characteristic of the land. Low ground resistance due to the fragile soil texture due to continuous waterlogging can drown the engine while operating on it. In addition to low ground pressure, the engine sink can also be caused by ground damage by tread movement when turning (Book and Goering, 2000; Taghavifar and Mardani, 2013 in Mardison, 2015).

Harvest requires a work force of 30–50 man-days/ha whereas using a combine harvester machine only needs 1 driver and 2 assistants for combining grain pads and for collecting rice bag. Combine harvester machine has a capacity of about 4–6 h/ha and in one day the machine is able to complete harvesting about 2–3 ha in average (Anonymous, 2012; BBP Mektan, 2013). In addition, the harvest loss is less than 2%, lower as compared to about 3% of grain loss during traditional harvest, threshing and transportation (BPS, 2007). Production shrinkage from traditional harvest reaches 11%, whereas using combine harvester machine is only 2% maximum (Prayoga, 2011). The Agricultural Research Agency (through BBP Mektan) in 2012 to 2014 through a series of re-engineering and modification process of existing combine engines has produced a prototype of rice harvesting machine called Indo Combine Harvester with an advantage of low ground pressure (0.13 kg/cm2_{) and Mini Combine Harvester} with ground pressure of 0.11 kg/cm2_{. Both prototypes are very suitable to the condition of the rice fields in} Indonesia. In the Year 2015 BBP Mektan has also produced a prototype of combine harvester rice for tidal swamp land. This machine has the same ground pressure value with the Indo Combine Harvester 0.13 kg/cm².

The prototype formed from the fabrication of combine harvester for tidal swamp land (activity of 2015) should be analyzed its performance at a specific location in selected tidal rice field Indonesia. Therefore, the harvesting machine test is very important. The purpose of this activity is to evaluate the performance of prototype of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Testing of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land was conducted in September 2016. Implementation of the test was conducted in the village of Sungai Batang, Sub-district of Martapura Barat, South Kalimantan Province.

Equipment used is tachometer, grain moisture tester, sound level meter, cone penetrometer, thresher ability gauge, fine scales, rough scales, measuring cylinders, gauge, slider, stopwatch.

The mini combine-type paddy machine tested has specifications as in Table 1 and Fig. 1.

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11 Table 1. Specification Mini Combine Rice Harvesting Machine for Tidal Swamp Land

Specification Value Unit

Theoretical work width 1,130 mm

Threshing unit

Preparation testing of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land begins with the identification and characteriation of swamp land located in the province of South Kalimantan. This step is performed to determine the character of the swamp lands to be used as test grounds. Tidal swamp land is divided into four types of overflow (Widjaja Adhi et al., 1992; Noor, 2004), namely: Flood type A, Flood type B, Flood type C, and Flood type D. Each type of swamp land is limited by the extent of standing water. As the initial stage, identification will be done for farm road, accessibility, traffic ability, bearing capacity.

The mini combine harvesting machine test for tidal swamp land is carried out by adaptation method at Tidal swamp land Type B, this performance test is referred to SNI 8185:2015. The test parameters for performance test of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land are: working speed of harvest, effective field capacity, work efficiency, fuel consumption, and slip. In addition to the parameters of the performance of the machine, the condition of the plant is also measured with the parameter of plants, among others: spacing, plant density, plant height, plant length, the number of panicle, water content, puddle height, slope angle, and ratio of grain.

Evaluation and technical analysis of the performance of the combine machine prototype is performed after the adaptation test. Evaluation and analysis were performed to improve the performance of mini combine machine so that it can be operated on various topology of tidal swamp land.

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EFC = Effective field capacity (ha/h), TFC = theoretic field capacity (ha/h), wt = theoretic work width (m), vt = unloading velocity (m/s), 0.36 = unit correction factor.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

From the machine specifications it can be seen that the prototype of the mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land has a ground pressure value of 0.13 kg/cm2_{. With these values mathematically and simulated} the prototype of this mini combine type of rice harvesting machine can be operated on swamp land that has a small soil sigh.

Identification and characteristics of the land is done in South Kalimantan location. South Kalimantan is a province whose territory is mostly swamp land in both tidal and lebak swamps, during the rainy season all the rice fields are inundated, on the tidal swamp land in Batang River, average water level 13.6 cm and the average foot sinkage depth of 10 cm so that the overall depth average of 23.6 cm, with the average depth of this tidal swamp land into type B.

In the development of tools and harvesting machines, the selection of designs should be tailored to the biophysical conditions of the land and the environment, among which are ground sanctions and high inundation during harvest. Both of these factors greatly affect the mobility of the harvesting machine used. From the measurement results using measuring instruments (Penetrometer) sanggah ground power in tidal swamp land of Sungai Batang Village, kec. Martapura Barat, South Kalimantan at 1.19 kg/cm2_.

The prototype of mini combine harvesters for tidal swamps has a ground pressure value of 0.13 kg/cm2_{, with} a ground value of 0.13 kg/cm2_{and a sanggah value of 1.19 kg/cm}2_{mathematically prototype harvesting machine} Mini combine type rice for tidal swamp land can operate on tidal swamp land at that location.

The performance test of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land is done on the tidal swampland rice field located in Batang River Village, Sub district of Martapura Barat, South Kalimantan, with maximum height of foot sink age and water is 300 mm, test site of tidal swamp land at that location is included in type B swamp land.

Land conditions during the test were wet and inundated with water levels between 10-18 cm, and a foot sink age depth of 10-20 cm, with ground sanction of 1.19 kg/cm2_{measured using a penetrometer. The condition of the} plant during the test is the height of the crop 847 mm, the average grain water content of 21.52%, the weight of the average grain of 1.16 grams, with the average grain ratio of 35.3%, the complete data can be seen in Table 2.

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14

IV. CONCLUSION

1. The prototype of mini combine harvesting machine for tidal swamp land has a ground pressure of 0.13 kg/cm2_. 2. The prototype of the mini combine harvesting machine for tidal swamp land can operate well in the type B tidal

swamp.

3. The prototype of mini combine rice harvesting machine for tidal swamp land has a capacity of 7.37 h/ha or equivalent to 0.14 ha/h, average working speed of 1.76 km/h, average slip of 0.63%, working efficiency of the machine is 65.83%.

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