Makalah Teknologi Farmasi Sediaan Steril

MAKALAH TEKNOLOGI FARMASI SEDIAAN STERIL MAKALAH TEKNOLOGI FARMASI SEDIAAN STERIL

“SISTEM PEWADAHAN SEDIAAN STERIL” “SISTEM PEWADAHAN SEDIAAN STERIL”

Disusun Oleh : Disusun Oleh : 1

1.. DDeella a AAmmaalliia a ((0066661 1 114 4 221199)) 2

2.. SSiitti i RRoossaannaahh ((0066661 1 114 4 223388)) 3

3.. DDeessti ti DDwwi i CCaahhyyaannttii ((0066661 1 114 4 224411)) 4

4.. IIqqaal l !!""tthh##ii ((0066661 1 114 4 22$$11)) $

$.. SShhiinntta a %%eett&&aa ((0066661 1 114 4 226633)) 'elas  * 'elas  * 'elom+o,  6 'elom+o,  6 Dosen Pembimbin Dosen Pembimbin Rini Ama&wati- .Si-A+t Rini Ama&wati- .Si-A+t

PROGRAM ST!DI FARMASI PROGRAM ST!DI FARMASI

FAK!LTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILM! PENGETAH!AN ALAM FAK!LTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILM! PENGETAH!AN ALAM

!NI"ERSITAS PAK!AN !NI"ERSITAS PAK!AN #OGOR  #OGOR  $%&' $%&'

KAT

KATA PENA PENGANTAR GANTAR 

/"i sy","& +en"lis +anat,an ,e+aa Allah S yan enan &ahmat an /"i sy","& +en"lis +anat,an ,e+aa Allah S yan enan &ahmat an *iayah5ya +en"lis ie&i ,em"ahan an ilm" yan e&man#aat sehina a+at *iayah5ya +en"lis ie&i ,em"ahan an ilm" yan e&man#aat sehina a+at menyelesai,an ma,alah

menyelesai,an ma,alah 7SIS /7SIS /ADA*A SDIAA SRI!.ADA*A SDIAA SRI!. Dal

Dalam am +en+eny"sy"s"na"nan n la+la+o&an o&an ini ini +en+en"li"lis s menmenalaalami mi ananya, ya, hamhamatatan- an-nam"n e&,at ","nan- iminan an oa a&i e&aai +iha, ma,a la+o&anini nam"n e&,at ","nan- iminan an oa a&i e&aai +iha, ma,a la+o&anini a+at te&selesai,an. :nt", it"- +aa ,esem+atan ,ali ini +en"lis men";a+,an a+at te&selesai,an. :nt", it"- +aa ,esem+atan ,ali ini +en"lis men";a+,an te&ima,asih ,e+aa

te&ima,asih ,e+aa 1

1.. II" " RiRinni i AmAma&a&wwatati- i- ..SiSi-A-A+t+t(( selsela,a," " oosesen n matmata,a,"l"liaiah h ''<!<!<<II =ARASI SDIAA SRI!.

=ARASI SDIAA SRI!. 2.

2. <&<&anan  "a "a aan n ,e,el"l"a&a&a a tete&;i&;intnta a yayan n aanynya, a, mememme&ie&i,a,an n momoti>ti>asi asi aann o&onan se&ta ant"an- ai, se;a&a mo&al ma"+"n s+i&it"al.

o&onan se&ta ant"an- ai, se;a&a mo&al ma"+"n s+i&it"al. /en

/en"li"lis s menmenhaha&a+&a+,an ,an ,&i,&iti, ti, an an sa&asa&an n yanyan  e&e&si#asi#at t memmemanan""n n a&a&ii  +iha,

 +iha, mana+"n mana+"n aa& aa& ma,alah ma,alah e&i,"tnya e&i,"tnya leih leih ai, ai, lai. lai. Semoa Semoa la+o&an la+o&an iniini  e&man#aat ai +en"lis an +ema;a +aa "m"mnya.

 e&man#aat ai +en"lis an +ema;a +aa "m"mnya.

?oo&-31 ei 201@ ?oo&-31 ei 201@

/en"lis /en"lis

DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) i DAFTAR ISI)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ii #A# I PENDAH!L!AN 1.1 !ata& ?ela,an... 1 1.2 R"m"san asalah... 2 1.3 ""an... 2

#A# II TIN*A!AN P!STAKA

2.1 'emasan an #"nsinya ... 3

2.2 %enis ,emasan... 3

#A# III PEM#AHASAN

+)& De#inisi waah... 6

+)$="nsi ,emasan... @

+), %enis ahan +enemas seiaan ste&il... 8

#A# I" PEN!T!P

 4.1 'esim+"lan... 1$

4.2 Sa&an... 1$

&-#A# I

PENDAH!L!AN

&)& L./.0 #el.1.n

'emasan aalah waah- t"t"+ an sel""n seelah l"a&. 'emasan a+at mem+ena&"hi stailitas an m"t" +&o", a,hi&. :nt", menamin stailitas a&i  +&o", aa sya&at5sya&at yan ha&"s i+en"hi oleh ahan ,emas +&ime& ,a&ena ,onta, lans"n enan +&o", ai, ;ai&- +aat- semi +aat. ?ahan ,emas +&ime&  aalah ahan ,emas yan ,onta, lans"n enan ahan yan i,emas5+&o",  anta&a lain st&i+ liste&- otol- am+"l- >ial- +lasti, an lain5lain. ?ahan ,emas se,"ne& aalah +em"n,"s selan"tnya- iasanya i,enal enan inne& oB. ?ahan ,emasan +&ime& aalah +em"n,"s setelah se,"ne& iasanya e&"+a o"te& oB. :nt", menamin stailitas +&o",- ha&"s iteta+,an sya&at yan sanat teas te&haa+ ahan ,emas +&ime&- yan se&in,ali menyat" enan sel"&"h  ahan yan iisi,an ai, e&"+a ;ai&an an semi +aatan. ?ahan ,emas se,"ne&   +aa "m"mnyatia,e&+ena&"hte&haa+stailitas ('"&niawan- 2012).

en"&"t 'e+"t"san 'e+ala ?aan /enawas <at an a,anan Re+"li,  Inonesia omo& *'.00.0$.4.1@4$- waah aalah ,emasan yan e&sent"han lans"n enanisi. en"&"t S' en,es o.193'a?II@1 +e&at"&an tentan  +em"n,"s an +enanaan waah- waah aalah salah sat" ,om+onen yan  +entin "nt", seiaan #a&masi- ,a&ena ,etia,ses"aian waah a,an mem+ena&"hi oat se;a&a ,esel"&"han te&mas", ,estailan an e#e, te&a+i oat. en"&"t :S/-waah aalah alat "nt", menam+"n s"at" oat- ata" m"n,in alam h""nan lans"n enan oat te&se"t.

ate&ial yan i"na,an memili, isi#at yan e&ea. Contohnya elas- +o&selen- loam- +&o", sel"losa (,e&tas- lem- elas sel). %enis om- a"s- ahan sintetis an lain5lain. Seaai enis +enemas ,h"s"s aalah ,emasan +enaman  ai ana,5ana,. %enis ini e&#"nsi "nt", menhalani ata" meny"lit,an  +enamilan oat oleh ana, ,e;il- sehina ahaya ,e&a;"nan oat a+at ihina&i. Sya&at ini i&ealisasi,an misalnya +aa la&"tan tetes melal"i me,anisme  +en"t"+ ana. 'emasan se,ali +a,ai iistilah,an enan ,emasan sat" osis.

?ahan +enemas yan iasa i"na,an seaai seiaan ste&il yait" elas- /lasti,-lasti,  ,a&et- an metalloam.

&)$ Rumus.nM.s.l.h

1. A+a,ah e#inisi a&i waah 2. A+a saa #"nsi ,emasan

3. A+a saa sya&at ,emasan an ,&ite&ia ahan +enemas 4. A+a saa enis ahan +enemas seiaan ste&il

&)+ Tu2u.n

1. :nt", menetah"i e#inisi ,emasan. 2. :nt", menetah"i #"nsi ,emasan.

3. :nt", menetah"i +e&sya&atan an ,&ite&ia ahan +enemas. 4. :nt", menetah"i enis ahan +enemas seiaan ste&il.

#A# II

TIN*A!AN P!STAKA $)& Kem.s.n D.n Funsin3.

'emasanwaah a+at ie#inisi,an seaai "n,"s +elin"n a&an. Dalam ,ata lain ,emasan aalah waah ata" tem+at yan te&"at a&i timah- ,ay"-,e&tas- elas- esi- +lasti,- sel"losa t&ans+a&an- ,ain- ,a&ton ata" mate&ial lainnya. /enemasan me&"+a,an sistem yan te&,oo&inasi "t", menyia+,an a&an menai sia+ "nt", i t&ans+o&tasi,an- iist&i"si,an- isim+an- i"al- an i+a,ai.

en"&"t ,e+"t"san ,e+ala aan +enawa oat an ma,an &e+"li,  inonesia nomo& *'.00.0$.4.1@4$- waah aalah ,emasan yan e&sent"han lans"n enan isi. en"&"t S' en,es o.193,a?II@1 +e&at"&an tentan  +em"n,"s an +enanaan waah- waah aalah salah sat" ,om+onen yan  +entin "nt", seiaan #a&masi- ,a&ena ,etia,ses"aian waah a,an mem+ena&"hi oat se;a&a ,esel"&"han te&mas", ,estailan an e#e, te&a+i oat. en"&"t :S/-waah aalah alat m"n,in alam h""nan lans"n enan oat te&se"t.

="nsi waah yait"

5 "nt", melin"ni +&o", te&haa+ +ena&"h ;"a;a- sina& mataha&i- ent"&an- ,oto&an an lain5lain

5 mena&i, +e&hatian ,ons"men

5 mem"ah,an ist&i"si- +enyim+anan- an +emaanan.

5 em+at +enem+elan lael yan e&isi in#o&masi tentan nama +&o",-,om+osisi ahan- isi e&sih- nama an alamat +&o"sen- nomo& +ena#ta&an- ,oe  +&o",si- tanal ,aal"wa&sa- +et"n", +en"naan- in#o&masi nilai iEi- tana

halal- se&ta +e&nyataan ,h"s"s.

?e&asa&,an +&oses +enemasanya- ,emasan iea,an atas ,emasan ase+tis an non5ase+tis.

1. 'emasan ase+tis aalah ,emasan yan a+at melin"ni +&o", a&i  e&aai ,ontaminasi lin,"nan l"a&. /enemasan enis ini iasanya i+a,ai  +aa ahan +anan yan i+&oses enan te,ni, ste&ilisasi.

2. 'emasan non5 ase+tis- imana ,ontaminasi m"ah te&ai- sehina masssa sim+an +&o", "m"mnya &elati# &enah. :nt", mem+e&+anan masa sim+an- +&o", a+at itamah,an "la- a&am- ata" i,e&in,an hina ,aa& ai&  te&tent".

/emaian waah "nt", ine,si iai menai "a ma;am yait"

1. aah osis t"nal- aalah s"at" waah yan ,ea+ "a&a yan mem+e&tahan,an "mlah oat ste&il yan ima,s",an "nt", +eme&ian  +a&ente&al seaai osis t"nal an yan ila i",a a+at it"t"+ &a+at ,emali

yan enan aminan teta+ ste&il. Contoh am+"l

2. aah osis ana- aalah waah ,ea+ "a&a yan mem"n,in,an  +enamilan isinya +e&aian e&t"&"t5t"&"t tan+a te&ai +e&"ahan

,e,"atan-,"alitas- ata" ,em"&nian aian yan te&tinal. Contoh >ial ata" otol se&"m.

Se;a&a "m"m hal5hal yan ha&"s i+e&hati,an a&i waah aalah

a. *a&"s ;","+ ,"at "nt", menaa isi waah a&i ,e&"sa,an

 . ?ahan yan i"na,an "nt", mem"at waah tia, e&a,si enan isi waah

;. /en"t"+ waah ha&"s isa men;eah isi

5 'ehilanan yan tia, iinin,an a&i ,an"nan isi waah.

5 'ontaminasi +&o", oleh ,oto&an yan mas",.

e. ?ahan a,ti# ti#a, oleh ise&a+ ata" iaso&+si oleh +em"at waah an  +en"t"+nya- waah an +en"t"+ ha&"s men;eah te&ainya i#"si.

#. en"n",,an +enam+ilan seiaan #a&masi yan mena&i,-.

?e&asa&,an +e&timanaan tentan ,onisi +en"t"+an alam #a&ma,o+e inonesia- +enyim+anan oat i,elom+o,,an F 

5 aah te&t"t"+ ai, waah yan a+at melin"ni isinya a&i Eat +aat a&i l"a& an a&i hilannya oat +aa ,onisi +enan,"tan- +ena+alan- +enyim+anan an ist&i"si laEim.

5 aah te&t"t"+ ai,l te&lin"n a&i ;ahaya

5 aah te&t"t"+ &a+at waah yan a+at melin"ni isinya a&i ,ontaminasi ;ai&an5;ai&an- Eat +aat an "a+ a&i l"a&m a&i hilannya oat te&se"t.

#A# III PEM#AHASAN

+)& De4inisi W.5.h

Dalam 'am"s ?esa& ?ahasa Inonesia- waah ie#inisi,an seaai  "n,"s +elin"n a&an aanan. Denan ,ata lain- waah aalah waah ata"

tem+at yan te&"at a&i timah- ,ay"- ,e&tas- elas- esi- +lasti,- sel"losa t&ans+a&an- ,ain- ,a&ton- ata" mate&ial lainnya- yan i"na,an "nt",   +enyam+aian a&an a&i +&o"sen ,e ,ons"men. /enemasan me&"+a,an sistem

yan te&,oo&inasi "nt", menyia+,an a&an menai sia+ "nt",  it&ans+o&tasi,an- iist&i"si,an- isim+an- i"al- an i+a,ai. Aanya waah ata" +em"n,"s a+at memant" men;eah ata" men"&ani ,e&"sa,an-melin"ni  +&o",  yan aa i alamnya- ,e&"sa,an-melin"ni a&i ahaya +en;ema&an se&ta an"an #isi, (ese,an- ent"&an- eta&an). Di sam+in it" +enemasan  e&#"nsi "nt", menem+at,an s"at" hasil  +enolahan ata" +&o", in"st&i  aa& 

mem+"nyai ent",5ent", yan mem"ah,an alam  +enyim+anan- +enan,"tan an ist&i"si. Da&i sei +&omosi waah ata" +em"n,"s e&#"nsi seaai  +e&ansan ata" aya ta&i, +emeli. 'a&ena it" ent",- wa&na an e,o&asi a&i

,emasan +e&l" i+e&hati,an alam +e&en;anaannya.

en"&"t 'e+"t"san 'e+ala ?aan /enawas <at an a,anan Re+"li,  Inonesia omo& *'.00.0$.4.1@4$- waah aalah ,emasan yan e&sent"han lans"n enan isi. en"&"t S' en,es o.193'a?II@1 +e&at"&an tentan +em"n,"s an +enanaan waah- waah aalah salah sat" ,om+onen yan +entin "nt", seiaan #a&masi- ,a&ena ,etia,ses"aian waah a,an mem+ena&"hi oat se;a&a ,esel"&"han te&mas", ,estailan an e#e, te&a+i oat. en"&"t :S/- waah aalah alat "nt", menam+"n s"at" oat- ata" m"n,in alam h""nan lans"n enan oat te&se"t.

/enemas aalah salah sat" ,om+onen +entin a&i ent", seiaa #a&masi. en"&"t ,etent"an yan e&la," isel"&"h "nia- +en"ian stailitas seiaan #a&masi ha&"s ila,",an alam +enemas a,hi& yan a,an i+asa&,an. /enemas te&i&i a&i e&aai mate&ial (elas- loam- +lasti- ,a&et) yan tia, selal" ine&t te&haa+ oat yan i,emas- ,a&ena se;a&a see&hana a+at menyea,an te&ainya aso&+si an eso&+si a&i +enemas men"" oat isam+in ,em"n,inan te&ainya inte&a,si.

Selain a&i+aa it" se;a&a #"nsional- +enemas meme&i,an +"la +&ote,si te&haa+ an;aman #isi,a- i,lim- ioloi an ,imia. Dan yan tia, ,alah  +entinnya- aa,alanya ent", +enemas a,an meme&i,an ;i&i ,h"s"s te&haa+  ent", seiaan #a&masi yan ihasil,an oleh s"at" in"st&i.

+)$ Funsi Kem.s.n

Aa ee&a+a #"nsi a&i ,emasan anta&a lain 

1) elin"ni +&o", te&haa+ +ena&"h ;"a;a- sina& mataha&i- ent"&an-,oto&an an lain5lainG

2) ena&i, +e&hatian ,ons"menG

3) em"ah,an ist&i"si- +enyim+anan an +emaanan (is+lay)G

4) em+at +enem+elan lael yan e&isi in#o&masi tentan nama +&o",-,om+osisi ahan (in&iient)- isi e&sih- nama an alamat +&o"senim+o&ti&-nomo& +ena#ta&an- ,oe +&o",si- tanal ,aal"wa&sa- +et"n",   +en"naan- in#o&masi nilai iEi (n"t&ition #a;t)- tana halal- se&ta

,laim+e&nyataan ,h"s"s.

+)+ S3.0./ Kem.s.n 5.n K0i/e0i. #.h.n Penem.s +)+)& S3.0./ Kem.s.n

Aa+"n +e&sya&atan +entin alam +e&an;anan ,emasan yan ha&"s i+en"hi- yait" 

1. =a,to& e&onomi- meli+"ti ,em"ahan "nt", iawa- i",a- an i+eanG 2. =a,to& esteti,a- meli+"ti +a"an wa&na- loo- il"st&asi- h"&"# an tata leta, 

t"lisanG

4. *a&"s tia, &ea,ti#- aiti# ata" aso&ti# sehina a+at mem+ena&"hi ,eamanan- ientitas- ,e,"atan an ,em"&nian a&i +&o",G

$. *a&"s a+at melin"ni +&o", te&haa+ #a,to& l"a& selama +enyim+anan an  +en"naan- yan a+at mem+ena&"hi ata" men,ontaminasi +&o",.

6. *a&"s e&sih an ila "nt", +&o", ste&il ha&"s iste&il,an an ieas  +atoen,an "nt", menamin ,eses"aian enan +en"aannya.

?ahan +enemas seel"m i"na,an ha&"s memili,i &an;an an"n yan te&ant"n +aa 

1. %enis +&o",. 2. Ca&a +eme&ian.

3. 'ete&seiaan ahan an ,om+a,tiilitasnya te&haa+ +&o", yan i,emas. 4. ?aaimana +enemasan ila,sana,an.

$. ?aaimana mem",ti,an ,onsistensi ,"alitas +&o", yan a+at i;a+ai. +)&)$ K0i/e0i. #.h.n6b.h.n Penem.s :

1) *a&"s ;","+ ,"at "nt", menaa isi waah a&i ,e&"sa,anG

2) ?ahan yan i"na,an "nt", mem"at waah tia, e&ea,si enan isi waahG

3) /en"t"+ waah ha&"s isa men;eah isi a&i 

6 'ehilanan yan tia, iinin,an a&i ,an"nan isi waah.

6 'ontaminasi +&o", oleh ,oto&an yan mas", se+e&ti mi,&oo&anisme ata" "a+ yan a,an mem+ena&"hi +enam+ilan an a" +&o",.

6 :nt", seiaan enis te&tent" ha&"s a+at melin"ni isi waah a&i ;ahaya

6 ?ahan a,ti# ata" ,om+onen oat lainnya tia, oleh iaso&+si oleh  ahan +em"at waah an +en"t"+nya- waah an +en"t"+ ha&"s men;eah te&ainya i#"si melal"i inin waah se&ta waah tia,   oleh mele+as,an +a&ti,el asin ,e alam isi waah

4) en"n",,an +enam+ilan seiaan #a&masi yan mena&i,.

+), *enis #.h.n Penem.s Se5i..n S/e0il

ha&"s eas a&i ,ontaminasi mi,&oa an a&i ,om+onen to,si, an ha&"s mem+"nyai tin,at ,em"&nian tini an l"a& iasa. Sem"a ,om+onen an +&oses yan te&liat alam +enyeiaan +&o", ini ha&"s i+ilih an i&an;an "nt",  menhilan,an sem"a enis ,ontaminasi se;a&a #isi,- ,imia ata" mi,&oioloi. Contoh seiaan ste&il- anta&a lain  Ine,si- In#"s- Hat /aat 'e&in- !a&"tan I&iasi- !a&"tan Dialisis- etes ata- Sale+ ata- ll.

?ee&a+a istilah waah anta&a lain 

&) aah tahan i&"sa,- waah s"at" ahan ste&il yan ima,s",an "nt",   +enoatan mata ata" telina- ,e;"ali yan isia+,an see&a seel"m

ise&ah,an atas asa& &ese+- ha&"s iseel seemi,ian &"+a hina isinya tia,  a+at i"na,an tan+a me&"sa, seel.

$) aah tia, tem"s ha&"s a+at melin"ni isi a&i +ena&"h ;ahaya-i"at a&i ahan ,h"s"s yan mem+"nyai si#at menahan ;ahaya ata" enan mela+isi waah te&se"t. aah yan enin an tia, e&wa&na ata" waah yan tem"s ;ahaya a+at i"at tia, tem"s ;ahaya enan ;a&a meme&i  +em"n,"s yan "&am. Dalam hal ini +aa eti,et ha&"s ise"t,an ahwa  +em"n,"s "&am i+e&l",an sam+ai isi a&i waah hais ,a&ena imin"m

ata" i"na,an "nt", ,e+e&l"an lain.%i,a alam mono&a#i inyata,an 7te&lin"n a&i ;ahaya- ima,s",an aa& +enyim+anan ila,",an alam waah tia, tem"s ;ahaya.

+) aah te&t"t"+ ai, ha&"s a+at melin"ni isi te&haa+ mas",nya ahan  +aat an men;eah hilannya isi selama +enananan- +enan,"tan- +enyim+anan- an +enist&i"sian.

,) aah te&t"t"+ &a+at ha&"s a+at melin"ni isi te&haa+ mas",nya ahan ;ai&- ahan +aat- ata" "a+ an men;eah ,ehilanan- me&e,at- men;ai& ata" men"a+nya ahan selama +enananan- +enan,"tan- +enyim+anan- an ist&i"si an ha&"s a+at it"t"+ &a+at ,emali. aah ini a+at ianti enan waah te&t"t"+ ,ea+ "nt", ahan osis t"nal.

7) aah te&t"t"+ ,ea+ ha&"s a+at men;eah menem"snya "a&a ata" as selama +enananan- +enan,"tan- +enyim+anan- an ist&i"si.

-) aah sat"an t"nal i"na,an "nt", +&o", oat yan imas",,an "nt",  i"na,an seaai osis t"nal yan ha&"s i"na,an see&a setelah i",a.

aah ata" +em"n,"snya seai,nya i&an;an seemi,ian &"+a hina a+at i,etah"i a+aila waah te&se"t +e&nah i",a. ia+ waah sat"an t"nal ha&"s ie&i eti,et yan menye"t,an ientitas- ,aa& ata" ,e,"atan-nama +&o"sen- nomo& at;h- an tanal ,aal"wa&sa.

') aah osis t"nal aalah waah sat"an t"nal "nt", ahan yan hanya i"na,an se;a&a +a&ente&al. Contoh  am+"l

8) aah osis sat"an aalah waah sat"an t"nal "nt", ahan yan i"na,an ",an se;a&a +a&ente&al alam osis t"nal- teta+i lans"n a&i waah.

9) aah sat"an ana aalah waah yan mem"n,in,an isinya a+at iamil  ee&a+a ,ali tan+a mena,iat,an +e&"ahan ,e,"atan- m"t"- ata"

,em"&nian sisa Eat alam waah te&se"t. Contoh  oat tetes mata

&%) aah osis ana aalah waah sat"an ana "nt", ahan yan i"na,an hanya se;a&a +a&ente&al. Contoh  >ial

Dalam in"st&i #a&masi- ,emasan yan i+ilih ha&"s ;","+ melin"ni ,elen,a+an s"at" +&o",. <leh ,a&ena it" sele,si ,emasan im"lai enan  +enent"an si#at #isi,a ,imia a&i +&o",. a,a a&i it" seiaan ste&il me&"+a,an seiaan #a&masi yan mem+"nyai ,e,h"s"san ste&ilitas an eas a&i mi,&oo&anisme. <leh ,a&ena it" "nt", +enemas yan a,an i"na,an "a memili,i +e&sya&atan yan sama enan seiaannya.

%enis ahan ,emasan iea,an menai 3 yait" 

& #e05.s.01.n u0u/.n 5.n 2.0.1n3. 5en.n ;0o5u1

a. 'emasan +&ime& aalah ,emasan yan lans"n e&sent"han enan  +&o",- sehina isa saa te&ai mi&asi ,om+onen ahan ,emasan ,e  +&o", yan e&+ena&"h te&haa+ ,"alitas +&o",.

 . 'emasan se,"ne& aalah ,emasan la+is ,e"a setelah ,emasan +&ime&-enan t""an "nt", leih meme&i,an +e&lin"nan ,e+aa +&o",.

;. 'emasan te&sie& aalah ,emasan la+is ,etia setelah ,emasan se,"ne&-enan t""an "nt", mem"ah,an +&oses t&ans+o&tasi aa& leih +&a,tis an e#isien. 'emasan te&sie& isa e&"+a ,ota, ,a&ton ata" +eti ,ay". $ #e05.s.01.n ;0oses ;enem.s.nn3.

.) 'emasan ase+ti, aalah ,emasan yan a+at melin"ni +&o", a&i  e&aai ,ontaminasi lin,"nan l"a&. /enemasan enis ini iasanya

i+a,ai +aa ahan +anan yan i+&oses enan te,ni, ste&ilisasi.

b) 'emasan non5ase+ti,- ,ontaminasi m"ah te&ai- sehina masa sim+an  +&o", "m"mnya &elati# leih &enah. :nt", mem+e&+anan masa sim+an- +&o", a+at itamah,an "la- a&am ata" i,e&in,an hina ,aa& ai& te&tent".

+ #e05.s.01.n b.h.nn3.

'emasan a+at iea,an atas ,emasan ,e&tas- ,a&ton- +lasti,-al"mini"m #oil- loam- elas an Sty&o#oam. asin5masin ,emasan te&se"t memili,i ,e"n"lan an ,elemahan- se&ta hanya ;o;o, "nt", enis  +&o", te&tent". aah an s"matnya tia, oleh memena&"hi ahan yan isim+an i alamnya ai, se;a&a ,imia ma"+"n se;a&a #isi,a- yan a+at mena,iat,an +e&"ahan ,e,"atan- m"t"- ata" ,em"&niaannya hina tia,  memen"hi +e&sya&atan &esmi. ?ahan +enemas yan iasa i"na,an seaai  +enemas seiaan ste&il- anta&a lain  elas- /lasti,- an etal.

6 Gel.s

elas "m"mnya i"na,an "nt", ,emasan alam #a&masi- ,a&ena memili,i ee&a+a ,e"nt"nan. 'eleihan men"na,an elas anta&a lain-ine&t- ,ea+ "a&a- i"at a&i ahan yan &elati# m"&ah- tia, m"ah te&a,a&- ent",nya teta+- m"ah iisi- m"ah it"t"+- a+at i,emas men"na,an +a;,ain line- m"ah iste&ilisasi- m"ah ie&sih,an an a+at i"na,an ,emali. 'e,"&anan elas seaai waah "nt",  menyim+an seiaan semisoli ianin,an enan loam an +lasti, aalah leih &a+"h (m"ah +e;ah) an leih e&at "nt", +eni&iman. 'emasan "nt",  ,ons"men yan te&"at a&i elas ",an me&"+a,an waah yan +alin hiienis ,a&ena waah a,an se&in i",a e&"lan5"lan oleh ,ons"men-imana tanannya tia, selal" e&sih.

elas a+at i,elom+o,an e&asa&,an si#at &ea,ti>itas a&i ,om+onen (#o&m"lasi) elas.

elas 'om+osisi Si#at5si#at A+li,asi

hi&olisis tini-e,s+o&asi te&mal &enah.

asii, an net&al- isa  "a "nt", seiaan

a,ali yan sama.

i+e II 'a;a soa

,a+"&  (i+e&l",an eal,alisasi)

Resisten hi&oliti, &elati#  tini.

Seiaan +a&ente&al asii, an net&al- isa  "a "nt", seiaan

a,ali yan ses"ai.

i+e III 'a;a soa

la+"& (tia,  menalami  +e&la,"an

eal,alisasi)

Sama ena ti+e II- ta+i enan +ele+asan o,sia.

Cai&an anhi&at an  +&o", ,"&an- seiaan  +a&ente&al i,a ses"ai.

i+e I 'a;a soa

,a+"& 

(+en"naan "m"m)

Resisten hi&oliti, sanat &enah.

*anya i"na,an "nt",  seiaan non +a&ente&al (o&al- to+i,al- s.)

'emasan elas ata" ,a;a mem+"nyai si#at seaai e&i,"t  6 em"s +anan.

6 '"at.

6 "ah ient",.

6 !emam.

6 ahan +emanasan.

6  /elin"n te&ai, te&haa+ ,ontaminasi an #la>o&. 6 ia, tem"s as- ;ai&an an +aatan.

6 Da+at ie&i wa&na.

6 Da+at i+a,ai ,emali (&et"&nale). 6 Relati# m"&ah.

?ent", ,emasan elas ata" ,a;a yait"  a. ?otol (lehe& tini- m"l"t sem+it).  . %a& (lehe& +ene,- m"l"t lea&).

. %"s (lehe& +ene,- aa +eanan).

e. ial an am+"l (","&an ,e;il- "nt", oat ata" Eat ,imia- ll).

6 Me/.l ./.u lo.m

Setia+ loam yan a+at ient", alam ,eaaan inin ;o;o, "nt",   +em"atan t"e yan a+at ili+at- teta+i yan +alin "m"m i"na,an

aalah timah (1$)- al"mini"m (60)- an timal (2$). imah yan +alin mahal- an timal yan +alin m"&ah. 'a&ena timah yan +alin m"ah ient",- ma,a t"e5t"e ,e;il se&in,ali i"at a&i timah yan leih m"&ah-mes,i+"n iaya loamnya leih tini. !ema&an timal yan ie&i la+isan timah meme&i,an +enam+ilan an &esistensi te&haa+ o,siasi a&i timah ,emas enan ha&a yan leih &enah.

imah yan i"na,an "nt", ma,s" ini i;am+"& enan ,i&a5,i&a 0-$ temaa s"+aya ,a,". ?ila i"na,an timal- ma,a ,i&a5,i&a 3 antimon itamah,an "nt", menamah ,e,e&asan. Al"mini"m mene&as i,a i"at t"e- an ha&"s iinin,an +e&lahan5lahan aa& meme&i,an ,elent"&an yan i+e&l",an. Al"mini"m "a mene&as +aa +ema,aian-,aan5,aan mena,iat,an t"e menai o;o&.

6 W.5.h ;l.s/i1 

/lasti, alam ,emasan telah mem",ti,an ,e"naannya isea,an oleh ee&a+a alasan- te&mas", ,em"ahannya "nt", ient",- m"t"nya yan tini- an men"nan ,eeasan esainnya. /lasti, yan i"na,an seaai waah "nt", e&aai +&o",- ai, seiaan #a&masi ma"+"n +&o", lainnya-ha&"s memili,i ,&ite&ia e&i,"t 

'om+onen +&o", yan e&sent"han lans"n enan ahan +lasti,  tia, iaso&+si se;a&a sini#i,an +aa +e&m",aan +lasti, te&se"t an tia, e&mi&asi ,e ata" melal"i +lasti,.

?ahan +lasti, tia, mele+as,an senyawa5senyawa alam "mlah yan a+at mem+ena&"hi stailitas +&o", ata" a+at menim"l,an &isi,o to,sisitas.

?ee&a+a ,e"nt"nan +en"naan +lasti, "nt", ,emasan aalah seaai  e&i,"t 

 =le,siel an tia, m"ah &"sa, ata" +e;ah.  !eih &inan.

 Da+at iseel enan +emanasan.

 "ah i;eta, menai e&aai ent",.  "&ah.

Disam+in ,e"nt"nan5,e"nt"nan i atas- +en"naan +lasti, "nt",  ,emasan "a memili,i e&aai ,e&"ian- anta&a lain seaai e&i,"t 

 '"&an ine&t ianin,an elas ti+e I.

 ?ee&a+a +lasti, menalami ,e&eta,an an isto&si i,a ,onta, enan

 ee&a+a senyawa ,imia.

 ?ee&a+a +lasti, sanat sensiti>e te&haa+ +anas.

 '"&an im+e&meael te&haa+ as an "a+ se+e&ti elas.  Da+at memili,i m"atan list&i, yan a,an mena&i, +a&ti,el.

 Hat tamahan +aa +lasti, m"ah ile+as,an ,e +&o", yan i,emas.  Senyawa5senyawa se+e&ti Eat a,ti# an +enawet a&i +&o", yan

#A# I" PEN!T!P

,)& Kesim;ul.n

aah me&"+a,an salah sat" ,om+onen yan +entin "nt", seiaan #a&masi-,a&ena ,etia,ses"aian waah a,an mem+ena&"hi oat se;a&a ,esel"&"han te&mas", ,estailan an e#e, te&a+i oat

aah "nt", seiaan ste&il hena,nya tia, menyea,an ,ontaminasi te&haa+ +&o", yan aa i alamnya

Setia+ seiaan ste&il memili,i enis waah yan e&ea te&ant"n si#at a&i seiaan ste&il te&se"t

%enis waah alam seiaan ste&il iai alam tia aian yait" e&asa&,an  ahannya- "&"tan an a&a,nya enan +&o",- se&ta e&asa&,an

 +enemasannya.

,)$ S.0.n

 Setia+ mahasiswa ,h"s"snya mahasiswa =a&masi a+at leih menetah"i

tentan sistem +ewaahan +aa seiaan ste&il ini.

 Diaa,annya +elatihan ata" +emelaa&an te&haa+ +em"atan waah "nt", 

DAFTAR P!STAKA

De+a&temen 'esehatan RI. Farmakope Indonesia edisi IV . De+a&temen 'esehatan Re+"li, Inonesia- %a,a&ta. 199$.

!a;hman- !eon- *e&e&t A. !iee&man- %ose+h !. 'ani. Teori dan Praktek   Farmasi Industri III, /ene&emah Siti S"yatmi. /ene&it :ni>e&sitas

Inonesia. %a,a&ta. 1994.

oiht- R. Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi. e&emahan Soenani .S. aah aa :ni>e&sity /&ess. 199$.