L
A
I
C
O
S
E
H
T
M
O
V
E
M
E
N
T
S
Y
T
I
S
R
E
V
I
N
U
D
N
A
L
I
A
H
T
F
O
S
T
U
D
E
N
T
S
I
N
T
H
A
I
L
A
N
D
D
E
T
C
I
P
E
D
S
A
I
N
M
I
N
F
O
N
G
H
O
’
S
R
I
C
E
W
I
T
H
O
U
T
R
A
I
N
ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
a d e t n e s e r
P sPar ita lFul ifllmen toft heRequirement s e
h t n i a t b O o
t SarjanaPendidikan Degree u
g n a L h s il g n E n
i ageEduca iton
y B
o h o r g u N r a j a F o k E s u i s y o l A
3 3 0 4 1 2 1 7 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
M A R G O R P Y D U T S N O I T A C U D E E G A U G N A L H S I L G N E
N O I T A C U D E S T R A D N A E G A U G N A L F O T N E M T R A P E D
N O I T A C U D E D N A G N I N I A R T S R E H C A E T F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
i
L
A
I
C
O
S
E
H
T
M
O
V
E
M
E
N
T
S
S
T
N
E
D
U
T
S
Y
T
I
S
R
E
V
I
N
U
D
N
A
L
I
A
H
T
F
O
I
N
T
H
A
I
L
A
N
D
D
E
T
C
I
P
E
D
S
A
I
N
M
I
N
F
O
N
G
H
O
’
S
R
I
C
E
W
I
T
H
O
U
T
R
A
I
N
ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
s t n e m e r i u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
e h t n i a t b O o
t SarjanaPendidikan Degree a
c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n
i it on
y B
o h o r g u N r a j a F o k E s u i s y o l A
3 3 0 4 1 2 1 7 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
M A R G O R P Y D U T S N O I T A C U D E E G A U G N A L H S I L G N E
N O I T A C U D E S T R A D N A E G A U G N A L F O T N E M T R A P E D
N O I T A C U D E D N A G N I N I A R T S R E H C A E T F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
v i
Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T S
I h c i h w , s i s e h t s i h t t a h t e r a l c e d y lt s e n o h
I havew irtten ,doe sno tcontaint hework o r e h t d n a s n o it a t o u q e h t n i d e ti c e s o h t t p e c x e , e l p o e p r e h t o f o k r o w e h t f o s tr a p
d l u o h s r e p a p c if it n e i c s a s a , s e c n e r e f e
r .
1 , a t r a k a y g o
Y 7 July2012
v
N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E L
A Y R A K I S A K I L B U
P ILMIAHUNTUKKEPENTINGANAKADEMIS
: a m r a h D a t a n a s s a ti s r e v i n U a w s i s a h a m a y a s ,i n i h a w a b i d n a g n a t a d n a t r e b g n a Y
a m a
N :Aloysisu sEkoFaja rNugroho a
w s i s a h a M r o m o
N :071214033
n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a k i r e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e g n e p i m e D
i s r e v i n
U ta sSanataDharmakarya limiahs ayayangbejudu:l
N I S T N E D U T S Y T I S R E V I N U D N A L I A H T F O S T N E M E V O M L A I C O S E H T
S ’ O H G N O F N I M N I D E T C I P E D S A D N A L I A H
T RICEWITHOUTRAIN
n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . ) a d a a li b ( n a k u l r e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a t r e s e
b saya memberikan
, n a p m i y n e m k u t n u k a h a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k
, a t a d n a l a k g n a p k u t n e b m a l a d a y n a l o l e g n e m , n i a l a i d e m k u t n e b m a l a d n a k h il a g n e m
a i d e m u a t a t e n r e t n i i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b i r t s i d n e m
p e k k u t n u n i a
l enitnganakademis t anpa perlumeminta i ijn dar isayamaupun royatl i .
s il u n e p i a g a b e s a y a s a m a n n a k m u t n a c n e m p a t e t a m a l e s a y a s a d a p e k
y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e
D a.
a t r a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D
1 : l a g g n a t a d a
P 7 J uil2012
i v o
y w o l l o
f urheart ,
s s e n k r a d e h t h g u o r h t d a e l e v o l r u o y t e l
, m a e r d r u o y w o l l o f
s s e n d n i k f o l e g n a n a , f l e s r u o y e b
o d t ’ n a c u o y t a h t g n i h t o n s ” e r e h t
o vi d l I
,
ot
d
et
a
ci
d
e
d
s
i
si
se
h
T
s
ih
T
M
y
B
e
ol
ev
d
P
a
er
n
st
s
re
ts
i
S
y
M
–
D
w
i
a
n
d
C
ce
li
-
M
y
G
r
a
n
d
p
a
er
n
st
ii v
T
N
E
M
E
G
D
E
L
W
O
N
K
C
A
S
e s o h t g n o l A . d e h s i n if s a h y ll a n if s i s e h t s i h t , g n it ir w f o s s e c o r p g n o l a r e tf A t a e v a h I , s h t n om tainedl ot sofi mpo tran texpe irences .Thi s ifnalt ask r equriedwhole -n u r t o n d i d h g u o r h t n e e b s a h r e ti r w e h t s p e t s l l a e r e h e c n i s t n e m ti m m o c d e tr a e h . y l h t o o m s e h t o t e d u ti t a r g t s e t a e r g e h t y a s I , s i s e h t s i h t f o t n e m h s il p m o c c a e h t r o F s i H r o f d o G y t h g i m l
A spritiua lblessing .He ha sguided me through va irou sways . . e m r o f r o v a f t s e b e h t e r e w m e h t f o l l a t a h t d e v e il e b y l e t e l p m o c I , r e v e w o H e l p o e p y n a m y b d e ri p s n i n e e b o s l a s a h y ll a u t c a s i s e h t s i h t f o n o it e l p m o c e h T u ti t a r g h c u m o s l a y a s I , y lt s ri F . e m d n u o r
a det omybelovedparent sandmys istersf o r l l e f s e m it e m o s I , s i s e h t s i h t g n it ir w e li h w t a h t e z il a e r I . s tr o p p u s t n e c if i n g a m r i e h t s y a w l a y e h t ,s s e n e lt n e g ’ s t n e r a p y m h g u o r h t ,r e v e w o H . n o it i d n o c s s e lt s e r o t n i n w o d a m o t e m d e c r o f n e d n a p u e k a w o t e m d n i m e
r keaprogres sevent houghi twa savery t a h t s d r o w g n ir i p s n i e m o s e m d e t x e t r e h t o m y m , y a d y r e v e t s o m l A . e n o e l p m i s . g n i s s e l b s s e l e c ir p s i H o s l a e r e w s t n e m m o c d n a s n o it s e g g u s , . d P . S , it a w a r e H y n n e H , r o s n o p s y m k n a h t o s l a I t n e m o m s i h t n i , n o it i d d a n I H .
M um.f o rhe rconitnuou sguidance.I ncompleitngt his t hesis , Ihavebeen assisted y m e c it o n o t e m d e t c e ri d s n o it s e g g u s r e H . s y a w d n a s g n i h t s u o ir a v h g u o r h t h c u m c it o a h c l l a e z i n a g r o e m d e p l e h o s l a s e c n e ir e p x e g n o l r e h d n a s e l g n a r e h t o m o r f k r o w y m n i s a e d
ii i v
d n a s e li m s r e h o s l a t u b , e m o t d e r a h s n e e b d a h s a e d i r e h y l n o t o N . s t n e l a t g n ir i p s n i
. k r o w r e tt e b a e t a e r c o t e m d e n e t h g il n e o s l a e c n e it a p
l a f o e c n a t s i s s a e h t d e t a i c e r p p a o s l a I , s e d i s e
B l l ecturer sand othe rPB Istaff . a s a w r a e h o t e l b a tr o f m o c t o n s a w s e m it e m o s t a h t s r e r u t c e l r e h t o m o r f g n i h t e n O
e r o m e b o t e m d e c r o f n o it s e u q e l p m i s e h T . s i s e h t y m d i d I r a f w o h f o n o it s e u q
b o t w o h e m t h g u a t d n a e fi l y m f o e m it e l g n i s y r e v e n i e v it c u d o r
p er esponsibleo fmy
. y t u
d Ialso t hank for t he kindnes so fMba Dan idan Mba Ta ir .Wtihout t hei rhelp , .
n o it a m r o f n i t n a tr o p m i s u o ir a v t s o l e v a h d l u o w I s p a h r e p
y l s s e l d n e d e u l a v e v a h u o Y . e m d n u o r a s d n e ir f ll a o t e d u ti t a r g y a s o s l a I , n e h T
t i d n a e fi l y m n
i doe sno tmatte rhowbigo rsmal lyou rhelps f o rme . tIi snotf arii f I , n o it i d d a n I . e m a n ’ s r e h t o e m o s s s i m l li w I s p a h r e p e s u a c e b u o y f o e m o s y l n o t s il
f i d e m a h s a y r e v s a w I , e r o f e r e h T . s i s e h t y m f o s s e r g o r p e h t r o f e m d e k s a s y a w l a y e h t
I s k e e w e m o s r o
f did no tresul tsomething fo rmy t hesi .s Wheneve r Ifel tstagnant ,
. e m d e ri p s n i n e tf o s d r o w e l p m i s ri e h t
Sincerely
x i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
e g a P E
G A P E L T I
T ………... i S
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ……….. i i Y
T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ………. i v
N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L ... . v N
O I T A C I D E D F O E G A
P ……… v i
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ………. iiv
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ………. xi
S E C I D N E P P
A ………... x iii T
C A R T S B
A ………... x iv S
B
A TRAK……… vx
N O I T C U D O R T N I . I R E T P A H C
.
1 Backgroundoft heStudy……… 1 .
2 ProblemFormulaiton……… . 4 .
3 ProblemLimtiaiton s……….. 4 .
4 Objecitve soft heStudy………. 4 .
5 Benefti soft heStudy……… . 5 .
x
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R .I I R E T P A H C
.
1 Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires……… 7 y
ti n u m m o C l a r u R 1 .
1 ……….. . 7
2 .
1 Sympathy………... 8 3
.
1 Geographica lCondiiton sandFoodandD irnk……… 9 l
a r u tl u c o i c o S e h t f o w e i v e R .
2 -Histo irca lBackground……… 9 2.1 TheLfieCondiiton so fvillagersi nRura lAreas……… 9
1 . 1 .
2 Unfai rDevelopmen tofI r irgaitonFaclitiy .... ……… . 1 0 2
. 1 .
2 Poo rHeatlhCondiiton……… 1 2 3
. 1 .
2 HighLandRen t………. . 1 4 2
.
2 UniverstiyStuden tMovement……… 1 4 .
3 Theoreitca lFramework……… 1 7
Y G O L O D O H T E M . I I I R E T P A H C
.
1 Objec toft heStudy………. . 1 8 .
2 Approache soft heStudy……… . 2 0 .
3 Methodoft heStudy……… 2 0
S I S Y L A N A . V I R E T P A H C
.
1 TheLfieCondiiton sa tRura lVi llagesi nThaliand……… . 2 2 1
.
1 Unfai rDevelopmen tofI r irgaitonFaclitiy………. . 2 2 1
. 1 .
i x
2 . 1 .
1 ThePorrtayo fUnfai rDevelopmen t……….. 2 4 1.1.3 TheI mpo tranceo f rI irgaiton………. . 2 7 2
.
1 Poo rHeatlhCondiiton……… 1 3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … y ti l a u Q h tl a e H w o L 1 . 2 .
1 1 3
2 . 2 .
1 Poo rAcces so fHeatlhTreatmen t……… 33 l
a n o it i d a r T f o t n e m t a e r T h tl a e H 3 . 2 .
1 Heale r………. 4 3
. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … t s o C h tl a e H h g i H 4 . 2 .
1 5 3
3 .
1 HighLandRen t………. . 6 3 … … … … … … … … … … … t n e R d n a L h g i H g n i y a P f o e n it u o R 1 . 3 .
1 . 6 3
2 . 3 .
1 Disappointmen tont heRouitne……… 73
.
2 ThePorrtayoft heSocia lMovement sbyt heUniverstiyStudent s……… . 3 9 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … e g a ll i V n i s t n e d u t S y ti s r e v i n U e h T 1 .
2 9 3
.. … … … … … … … … … s t n e d u t S y ti s r e v i n U e h t f o l a v ir r A e h T 1 . 1 .
2 9 3
… … … … t c A t n e R d n a L l a r u tl u c ir g A e h t n o n o it a c if ir a l C e h T 2 . 1 .
2 1 4
1 .
2 .3 TheConcernoft heStuden tGroupi nVillage s………. 3 4 2
.
2 TheDemonsrtaitonbyUniverstiyStudent sandFarmer s………. 4 4 … … … … … … … … n o it a rt s n o m e D g n i m o c p U e h t r o f e s o p r u P 1 . 2 .
2 4 4
2 . 2 .
2 Paritcipaitono fUniverstiyStudent sandFarmer s
. … … … … … … … … … … … … e g n a h C t n e R d n a L g n i c r o f n E n
ii x
S N O I T S E G U S D N A N O I S U L C N O C . V R E T P A H C
.
1 Conclusion s………... 50 .
2 Suggesiton s……… 2 5 1
.
2 ASuggesiton :Fo rFutureResearcher s………... 25 2
.
2 ASuggesiton:theI mplementaitonoft heStudy
. . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … e s o r P f o e s r u o C h s il g n E o t n
i 3 5
S E C N E R E F F E
ii i x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
7 5 . . … … … … … … … … … O H G N O F N I M F O Y H P A R G O I B . 1 X I D N E P P A
O Y R A M M U S . 2 X I D N E P P
A FRICEWITHOUTRAIN.……… 61 2 6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … N A L P N O S S E L . 3 X I D N E P P A
6 6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … L A I R E T A M G N I N R A E L . 4 X I D N E P P A
v i x T C A R T S B A :) 2 1 0 2 ( . F . E s u i s y o l A , o h o r g u
N The Socia lMovement so fThaliand Universtiy i a h T n i s t n e d u t
S land a sDepicted in Minfong Ho’ sRice Wtihou tRain , f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E : a tr a k a y g o Y , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o y tl u c a F , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S s i h
T thesisi sal tierarystudyonanove lenitltedRiceWtihou tRainbyMinfong y tr e v o p e h T . s a e r a l a r u r n i s t n a ti b a h n i f o s n o it i d n o c e fi l e h t d e t n e s e r p l e v o n s i h T . o H e h t n I . s r e g a ll i v f o s e it i x e l p m o c s u o ir a v h g u o r h t n e e s e b n a c s n o i g e r e h t n i g n it s i x e it n a e
m me, t he ar irva lo fa group o funiverstiy student sfrom Bangkok really change g n i k n i h t f o y a w e h
t oft hei nhabtiantst here .Theyarei nspriedt odecideacourageou s h g i h f o m e t s y s e h t t s i s e r o t n o i s i c e
d -landr en.t
Thi s study , therefore , focuse s on some lfie condiiton s and the socia l g n i w o ll o f o w t e h t o t n i d e r e v o c e r a s t n i o p h t o B . s t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u f o s t n e m e v o m d e m i a s i y d u t s s i h t , y lt s ri F . s m i
a to ifnd ou tthe lfie condiitons o fpeople a trura l e v e d e h t f o s a e r a e h t n i r a l u c it r a p n i d n a li a h T n i s e g a ll i
v lopmen to fri irgaitonf aclitiy ,
m e t s y s t n e r d n a l d n a , s s e c c a h tl a e
h .Then ,the second aim i sto porrtay the socia l t n e m e v o
m s fo Thalianduniverstiy .
, e r o f e r e h t , n o i s s u c s i d e h T . y d u t s y r a r b il a s a w s i s e h t s i h t f o d o h t e m e h t , n e h T h t r o f s k o o b s u o ir a v d e s
u e main and secondary sources .In addiiton,t his t hesi salso y d u t s s i h t , s e v it c e j b o e h t g n i z y l a n a n I . t e n r e t n i m o r f s e c r u o s s u o ir a v d e t n e m e l p m i o i c o s d e il p p a y l n i a
m -cu tlura lhisto irca lapproach .Paritcula rmoment sin the nove l h T f o s e t o n e m o s o t d e x if e r e
w aliandhisto ircalr eview sands omes ocialt heo ire .s Then , thi s study repo trs some impo tran t ifndings . In relaiton to the lfie
n o it i d n o
c s o fvillager sin r ural r egion ,st herew asan unfai rdevelopmen to fri irgaiton . y ti li c a
f Then ,thei nhabtiant sw sereal ol acko fapprop irateheatlhaccess .Inaddiiton , a h l li t s y e h
t d to pay l and ren tveryhigh even t hough a dry season exists . Then, t he s a w e n o t s ri f e h T . s t n e m e v o m o w t r e v o c s t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u e h t f o s t n e m e v o m l a i c o s o h s t n e m e v o m r i e h t d n a e g a ll i v e h t n
i wed t hei rawarenes son t he rura lpeople .The f o n o it a g il b o e h t t s i s e r o t s a w l a o g s ti d n a n o it a rt s n o m e d e g u h a s i t n e m e v o m d n o c e s n o it a rt s n o m e d e h t n i s t n e d u t s d n a s r e m r a f f o s n o it a p i c it r a p e h T . t n e r d n a l h g i h ri e h t g n it a t s n i m e h t f o e g n a h c e l o r a y a rt r o
p demand .s
In conclusion ,some compilcaiton soccurred along Thaliand rura lvillages . f o s t n e m e v o m l a i c o s e h t , n e h T . s t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u y b d e d n o p s e r e r e w s m e l b o r p e h T t a e r g d n a s t n e d u t s d n a s r e m r a f f o s e g n a h c e l o r e h t d e w o h s s t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u e h t r a w
a enes soft hes tudentst owardr ura lpeople’ scondiiton. s d r o W y e
v x K A R T S B A :) 2 1 0 2 ( . F . E s u i s y o l A , o h o r g u
N The Socia lMovement so fThaliand Universtiy i a h T n i s t n e d u t
S land a sDepicted in Minfong Ho’ sRice Wtihou tRain , n a k i d i d n e P n a s u r u J , s ir g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P i d u t S m a r g o r P : a tr a k a y g o Y a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a F , a rt s a S n a d a s a h a B . a m r a h D l u d u jr e b l e v o n a rt s a s a y r a k i d u t s n a k a p u r e m i n i i s p ir k
S RiceWtihou tRain oleh
h a r e a d i d k u d u d n e p n a p u d i h e k i s i d n o k n a k a ti r e c n e m t u b e s r e t l e v o N . o H g n o f n i M a r a p n a ti l u s e k a d a p t a h il i d t a p a d t u b e s r e t h a r e a d i d n a n i k s i m e K . d n a li a h T n a ri g g n i p a w i s a h a m k o p m o l e k e s n a g n a t a d e k , i d a jr e t s i s ir k i a g a b r e b t a a s i D . k u d u d n e p -a
m hasisw i universtia s dar i Bangkok mengubah cara berpiki r penduduk disan .l a h a m t a g n a s g n a y h a n a t a w e s m e t s i s n a w a l e m k u t n u i s a ri p s n ir e t a g g n i h e s
Oleh sebab tiu ,peneilitan in ifoku spada beberapa kondis ikehidupan dan a w s i s a h a m h e l o l a i s o s n a k a r e g r e
p -mahasiswi .Poin-poin tersebu takan driangkum k u t n u n a k h a r a i d i n i n a it il e n e p , a m a tr e P . n a h a l a s a m r e p n a s u m u r k o k o p a u d m a l a d e k s a ti li s a f n a n u g n a b m e p t u k g n a y n e m d n a li a h T n a ri g g n i p a s e d i d i s i d n o k n a k u m e n e m u m e K . h a n a t a w e s m e t s i s n a d , n a t a h e s e k s e s k a , i s a g ir
i dian ,tujuan kedua tersebu t
a w s i s a h a m h e l o l a i s o s n a k a r e g r e p n a k r a b m a g g n e m k u t n
u -mahasisw iThaliand .
i s u k s i d , a g g n i h e S . a k a t s u p i d u t s h a l a d a n a it il e n e p i d e d o t e m , n a i d u m e K . t e n r e t n i n a d n a h a b m a t n a d k o k o p r e b m u s k u t n u u k u b i a g a b r e b n a k a n u g g n e m e m m a l a d i
D nganailsa beberapa permasalahan tersebut ,stud iin isecara menyeluruh n a i d a j e K . l a i s o s n a d a y a d u b h a r a j e s n a t a k e d n e p n a k a n u g g n e
m -kejadian didalam
n a s a l u i r a d n a t a t a c a p a r e b e b n a g n e d n a k o c o c i d t u b e s r e t l e v o
n -ulasans ejarahThaliand
l a i s o s ir o e t a p a r e b e b n a d . i s i d n o k n a g n e d n a ti a k r e B . li s a h a p a r e b e b n a k li s a h g n e m i n i i d u t s , n a i d u m e K . i s a g ir i s a ti li s a f a d a p a t a r e m k a d it n a n u g n a b m e p t a p a d r e t n a ri g g n i p a s e d k u d u d n e p h i s a m a k e r e m , n a i d u m e K . n a k n it a h ir p m e m k u d u d n e p n a t a h e s e k i s i d n o k , k a h i p n i a li D b m e m n a k b ij a w i
d aya rsewa t anah sanga t itngg iwalaupun musim kemarau melanda a w s i s a h a m h e l o l a i s o s n a k a r e g r e p , n a i d u m e K
. -mahasisw imencakup duapergerakan . p a d a h r e t a k e r e m n a it a h r e p n a k k u j n u n e m t u b e s r e t n a k a r e g r e p n a d a s e d i d a m a tr e P a u d e k n a k a r e g r e P . n a ri g g n i p t a k a r a y s a
m demonsrtas i secara masa l menentang a w s i s a h a m n a d i n a t e p a r a p i r a d i s p i s it r a P . t u b e s r e t i g g n it g n a y h a n a t a w e s n a b ij a w e k -m a l a d i d n a r e p n a h a b u r e p n a k r a b m a g g n e m t u b e s r e t i s a rt s n o m e d m a l a d i d i w s i s a h a m . a k e r e m n a a t n i m r e p n a k a r a t u g n e m
Sebaga ikesimpulan ,beberapa k irsi ste jrad idisepanjang daerah pinggrian a w s i s a h a m h e l o i p a g g n a ti d t u b e s r e t n a h a l a s a m r e p n i a l i s i s i D . d n a li a h
i v x
a w s i s a h a m h e l o l a i s o s n a k a r e g r e p , n a i d u m e
K -mahasisw i universtia s tersebu t
n a h a b u r e p n a k k u j n u n e
m -perubahanperan dar iparapelaja rdankesadaran itngg idar i .
n a ri g g n i p t a k a r a y s a m i s i d n o k p a d a h r e t t u b e s r e t r a j a l e p a r a p
a t a
K -kataKunci:f aslitiasi irgasi ,kesehatan,s ewat anah ,danpergerakan-pergerakan a
1
I
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
N
O
I
T
C
U
D
O
R
T
N
I
s i h
T chapte rencompasse ssome secitons .The fris tseciton consist so fthe s
i n o it c e s t n e u q e s b u s e h T . y d u t s s i h t t c u d n o c o t s n o s a e
r theproblemf ormulaiton .
e h t , n e h T . y d u t s s i h t f o s n o it c e ri d e h t r o f d e t n e s e r p s n o it s e u q o w t e r a e r e h t , e r e H
s i n o it c e s d ri h
t the problem ilmtiaiton so fthi sstudy a sthe boundaire so fthe e h t , n e h T . y d u t s s i h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h t s i n o it c e s t x e n e h T . e p o c s d e d n e t n i
f o n o it i n if e d f o n o it c e s e h T . y d u t s s i h t f o s ti f e n e b e h t s n o it n e m n o it c e s g n i w o ll o f
n i d e s u s m r e t e h t s n i a l p x e s m r e
t ordert oavoidanymisunderstanding.
.
1 Backgroundoft heStudy
n i y lr e d n u n a s e r o t s t i ,l e v o n e h t f o e lt it e h t m o r
F gmeaningi nsidet hegroup .
s d r o w e h t f
o The word Ricecan be understood ast he achievemen to ffuflliilng r i e h t s p a h r e p , t n e m ll if l u f e h t t u o h ti W . s g n i e b n a m u h f o t n e m e l e c i s a b e h t
. r e g n a d n i s i e c n e t s i x
e Howeve,r t heattainmen tneed seffo trsf ort hosewho have y li a d r i e h t s a t i b a h r i e h t o t n i n r u t y ll a u d a r g s tr o f f e e h T . ti h c a e r o t e ri s e d
it i v it c
a es .However ,aseirou squesiton can occur i n relaiton on how sufifcienlty o t g n o l e b t o n s e o d s n a e m e h t fi s s e c o r p g n o l a r e tf a t n e m ll if l u f e h t h c a e r n a c y e h t
e h t o t e u d e s r o w s m e e s n o it i d n o c n i a tr e c n u n a d r a w o t y c n e d n e p e d e h T . m e h t
s r e n w o d n a l o t n o it a g il b
e h t e v l o s o t g n i h t e m o s e t a e r c n a c d n i m r i e h t h ti w n e m t u b e l b a d i o v a n u s m e e s
, d r o w r e h t o n I . m e l b o r
p the creaiton hopefully can reduce the problem o fthem ti
f o r e f f u s o h
w .Then ,howpeoplehavet of acet hesigni ifcan tdiverstiy duet oan l
e v o n s i h t n i d e c it o n e b n a c t n e m p o l e v e d r i a f n
u .
d e lt it n e l e v o n s ’ o H g n o f n i M s i h t n
I Rice Wtihou tRain ,the reader sare h
t h ti w d e d i v o r
p e ilving o fThai sespecially those inhabiitng in the rura larea .s , e l p m a x e r o F . e c it s u j n i d n a y tr e v o p f o s n o it i d n o c e l b a t s n u n i e v il y l s s e lt s e r y e h T
a f s
a rmerst hei rilve scommonlyr elyont heagircutlura lresources .Howeve ,rt hey t
o n n a
c maximallyharvestthe ircei nal loccasions .Theobstacle sareno tmerelyi n a
l e
r iton to the drough tenvrionment .There i salso a lack o fthe governmen ’t s e
t u b ir t s i d o t t n e m ti m m o
c a fai r developmen t o f riirgaiton infrasrtucture . f
e h t s s e c c a t o n n a c s r e g a ll i v l l a , e r o f e r e h
T aclitiymaximally .Ironically ,thearea s e
r a k o k g n a B r a e
n developed completely so tha tthey can manage thei rfarming s
n o it i d n o c n e r r a b h c u s n i n e v e s e it i v it c
a .Theeviden tdfiference sshow an unfai r s
n e z it i c l l a r o f y ti li c a f c il b u p f o n o it u b ir t s i
d . Then,t h eproblemo fpoorharvestsi s f
y b d e c n e ir e p x e o s l
a amliy from highe rstatu swho arehonored by people ilving h
t , e l p m a x e r o F . e r e h
t e headmaste ro fthe village also expeirences the same y
tl u c if fi
d .Thi snove lalso told …“ Jinda wondered? Bu tthei rstorage bin wa s m d d a t s u j d l u o h s e h s e b y a M . s u o i c e r p e c ir f o n i a r g y r e v e d n a , y t p m e y lr a e
n ore
. ) 4 3 . p ( ” ? r e t a
w Commonly people w tih high statu s rarely expe irence the ,
s t s i x e y ti li b i s s o p e ti s o p p o e h t f i , n e h T . n o it i d n o
c i ti sno ta sexrteme a sothe r .s
nI the novel ,farmer salso face the repression o fland owners . The
s t s i x e n o i s s e r p e
r in t he form o fhigh charge to pay t he land rent .The amounti s ri
e h t f o f l a h a y a p t s u m s t n a s a e p l l a e c n i s , e l b a r e l o t n
i crop sin each harvesitng
n i n e v E . e m
it et rh te irblecondiiton, t hef armer sarestli lunfailry forcedt o fuflli l .
n o it a g il b o e h t
a l a r u r e h t n i n o it i d n o c e h
T rea ilkei nMaekungalsooccursi ntheotherr ura l .
d n a li a h T n i s a e r
a The complexiite samid the people are responded by the n
u f o s t n e d u t
s iversiitesi n Thaliand .They have adesriablecommtimentt o r evea l r
h g i h g n i y a p r o f t s i s e r o t r e d r o n i s tr o f f
e e .nt Theuniverstiystudents ’movements , ,r
e v o e r o
m ra e considered a s revoluitonary movements .According to Babbie )
2 8 9 1
( ,heagrees tha t“revoluitonary movement sare socia lmovement saimed a t e h t n e v e d n a s r e l u r f o w o r h tr e v o e h t g n i d u l c n i n e tf o , e g n a h c l a i c o s l a it n a t s b u s
” e l u r f o m e t s y
s (p.302) .The effo tr so fstudent sare a good sign o fresponding h
t d r a w o
t econdiitons .Babbie (1982 )also states n“ o socia lforce can become a ti o t e v it p e c e r t a h w e m o s e r a o h w e l p o e p g n o m a s r a e p p a t i s s e l n u t n e m e v o
m ”( p .
. ) 2 0
3 T shi aide si sutiablet ot heuntiyo fTha iuniverstiys tudents .Thei nsufifcien t e
v a h s n o it i d n o
c caused thei rdiscontent .Moreover ,al lo fthem have the same n
r e c n o c n i a
m fo thechangesin Thaliand.Then , tii salso unavoidablet ha tal lo f c
e l b a li a v a e h
t ondiiton s including the rura lvillagers ’ suffeirng becom s e the s
t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u e h t f o n o it n e tt
a .
e s u a c e b , e r o m r e h tr u
F the conten to fthe nove ltells some complexiite so f h
t n i e l p o e p i a h
a
ll i v f o s n o it i d n o c e fi
l gers i n Thaliand and t he porrtay o fsocia lmovement so f s
t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n
u ass eeni nt henove.l
.
2 ProblemFormula iton y
d u t s s i h
T i sconductedt oanswert hef ollowingquesiton .s )
a Wha taret hel fiecondiiton so fvillagers i t en h rura lareasi nThalianda s s
’ o H g n o f n i M n i d e t c i p e
d Ricewtihou tRain? )
b How do t he socia lmovement so fThaliand universtiy students porrtay d
n a li a h T n i s n o it i d n o c e h
t ass eeni nMinfongHo’ sRicewtihou tRain?
.
3 ProblemLimtia iton s
t s ri f e h T . s t n i o p r o j a m o w t n o n o i s s u c s i d e h t f o e p o c s e h t s ti m il y d u t s s i h T t n i o
p only cover sthe lfie condiiton so fvillager sand i tconsist so fthree bs -u r
o o p e h t h ti w s l a e d t i , y lt s ri F . s t n i o
p faclitiy o f riirgaiton .Secondly, i tdiscusse s n
o theheatlh condiiton so fvillager in t he rura larea .s Thridly, the nex tpointi s t
s a l e h t , n e h T . t n e r d n a l h g i h f o m e t s y s e h t o t d e t c e n n o
c pointmainlyconsist sof
y a rt r o p e h
t oft hesocialmovements o fThalianduniverstiys tudents .
.
4 Objecitve soft heStudy
: w o ll o f s a , s s u c s i d o t s e v it c e j b o d e t a l e r o w t s l a e v e r y d u t s s i h T
)
a To ifnd outthel fiecondiiton so fvillager sint herura lareasinThaliand e
h t n i r a l u c it r a p n
i area soft hedevelopmen to f riirgaitonf aclitiy ,heatlhaccess , s
a m e t s y s t n e r d n a l d n
)
b To porrtay the socia lmovement so fThaliand universtiy student sin d
n a li a h
T a sdepictedi nMinfongHo’ sRiceWtihou tRain
.
5 Benefti soft heStudy y
d u t s s i h
T i salsos upposedt ogains omebenefti sfo rother .s )
a Fo rPBIs tudent s
t n e t n o c e h T . s ti f e n e b e m o s n i a tt a l li w s t n e d u t s I B P , y d u t s s i h t h g u o r h T
n i s r e g a ll i v f o s n o it i d n o c s u o ir a v h ti w m e h t s e h c ir n
e therura lareasi nThaliandi n o
d o ir e p e h
t f1970s .Theconcern sfocu son paritcula rpoint ,s i ncludinghighl and c
il b u p f o n o it u b ir t s i d d e ti m il , m e t s y s t n e
r faclitiy ,andl owheatlhcondiiton . )
b Forf uturer esearchers
e r u t u f r o f s ti f e n e b e r a h s n a c y ll u f e p o h y d u t s s i h t f o t n e m h s il p m o c c a e h T h c r a e s e
r e Ts . he futureresearcher swtih t he samei nteres tcan apply t hi sstudy a s r i e h t d r a w o t t h g i s n i r i e h t n e d i w n a c n o it a t n e m e l p m i e h T . e c n e r e f e r r e h t o e h t
n o i s s u c s i d r e tt e b t a h t o s s e i d u t s e h t f o s n o it c e ri
d s canber eached.
.
6 Deifni itono fTerms e
r e h
T are some term simpo trant to be deifned in orde r to avoid any g
n o m a g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i
m vairou sreaders .Here, t het erms t o deifne are only t he .s
t n e m e v o m l a i c o s d n a s t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u d n a li a h T f o s d r o w
)
a ThaliandUniverstiys tudents
d r o w e h t y r a n o it c i D e g a ti r e H n a c ir e m A n o d e s a
B s“universtiy students”
, y d u t s s i h t n I . g n i h t e m o s s e i d u t s o h w e n o s a d o o t s r e d n u e b n a c y e h t , n o it i d d a n I
d e n i o j o h w s t n e d u t s e s o h t o t r e f e r e r e h s t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u d n a li a h
T themassive
3 7 9 1 n i s n o it a rt s n o m e
d -1976 .
)
b Socia lmovemen t
, y r a n o it c i d s ’ e n il n o r e t s b e W e h t n o d e s a
B a socia lmovemen tmean sa d
n a e g r a l s i p u o r g e h t f o e z i s , n o it i d d a n I . n o it c a p u o r g f o e p y
t i ti sknown a s
s n i a l p x e y r a n o it c i d s i h T . s n o it a z i n a g r o r o / d n a s l a u d i v i d n i f o s g n i p u o r g l a m r o f n i
d r o w e h
t s ,a sbelow.
s t n e m e v o m l a i c o
S are a type o fgroup aciton . They are large n o d e s u c o f s n o it a z i n a g r o r o / d n a s l a u d i v i d n i f o s g n i p u o r g l a m r o f n i
l a c it il o p c if i c e p
s o rsocial i ssue ,s i n othe rwords ,on carrying out , .
e g n a h c l a i c o s a g n i o d n u r o g n it s i s e r
n e h
T ,Babbie (1982 )also emphasizes s“ ocia lmovements provide an m e h t e s u a c t a h t s n o it i d n o c e h t g n i g n a h c r o f e l c i h e v a d n a s g n il e e f h c u s r o f t e lt u
o ”
i e h T . ) 3 0 3 . p
( ntended socia lmovement soft hi sstudy aret hehugedemonsrtaiton t
s y ti s r e v i n u d n a li a h T f o r e b m u n e g r a l a f o g n it s i s n o
c udent sin 1976 and the
. s a e r a l a r u r e h t o t s p ir t ’ s t n e d u t
7
I
I
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
F
O
W
E
I
V
E
R
R
E
L
A
T
E
D
L
I
T
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
t e v l o s d n a n o i s s u c s i d e h t t r o p p u s o
T he problems ,thi sstudy requries
f o w e i v e r d n a s e ir o e h t s t n e s e r p y l n i a m r e t p a h c s i h t , e r o f e r e h T . s e c r u o s s u o ir a v
t r a p t x e n e h t , n e h T . d e s u s e ir o e h t l a r e v e s s e d i v o r p t r a p t s ri f e h T . y r o t s i h d n a li a h T
w e i v e r l a c ir o t s i h e h t s n o it n e
m s .Theyaregoingt obespeciifcally presentedint he
w o ll o
f ings eciton .s
.
1 Reviewo fRelatedTheories
r o e h t ll
A ie susedi nt hi sstudyareappiled toenhancet hediscussion .Frislty ,
f o n o it i d n o c e h t t u o e r u g if o
t rura lvillages, t hi sstudy selects t het heory o frura l
t e h t s e s o o h c y d u t s s i h t , y l d n o c e S . y ti n u m m o
c heory o f sympathy and i t i s
e d i v o r p o t d e d n e t n
i a reason why t he rura lpeople’sl fie condiiton satrtacted t he .
s t n e m e v o m t n e d u t s y ti s r e v i n u f o s n r e c n o
c The las tone i s the theory on
t d e il p p a s i ti , e r o m r e h tr u F . k n ir d d n a d o o f d n a s n o it i d n o c l a c i h p a r g o e
g omeniton
a n u a f d n a a r o lf f o e c n e d n e p e d e h
t resource so facetrainenvrionment; andqualtiy
.s t n a ti b a h n i n i a tr e c f o d o o f f o y ti t n a u q d n a
.
11 Rura lCommuntiy
Soekanto( 2010 )agrees thecommon ilveilhood f ort hevillager si sthrough g
n i s s e c o r
c d n a l e h t g n i s s e c o r p f o y a w r i e h t , n e h T . ) 6 3 1 . p ( d n a l n w o r i e h t e v a h s r e m r a
f a n
y e h t e s u a c e b y lt n e i c if f e n i d n a y ll a n o it i d a rt e n o d e
b are unfamiila rto apply the
. m s i n a h c e m l a r u tl u c ir g
a Thei ro irentaitoni smerelyi n r elaitont ot herif ulifllmen t
t n e m e ti c x e f o e e r g e d r i e h T . s d e e n e fi l y li a d r i e h t f
o i s based on how well t hey
. ) 7 3 1 . p ( s d e e n r i e h t ll if l u f
2 .
1 Sympathy
n i k ir o
S (1927 ) sa ys more abou t how individua l uniquenes s can affec t
. s r e h t o m o r f y h t a p m y s
…simlia irite s in taste , ideas , beilefs , manners , and moral s d n a , y h t a p m y s , g n i k il f o p i h s n o it a l e r e h t e t a ti li c a f ” y l b a k a t s i m n u “
e h t e li h w , s p u o r g d n a s l a u d i v i d n i e h t g n o m a y ti r a d il o s
e h t e c u d o r p o t d n e t d l e if s i h t n i s e it ir a li m i s s i
d relaitonship o f
y h t a p it n a r o e c n e ll e p e
r .( p 727) .
d n u o r g k c a b l a i c o s e h
T atrtacts others especially i fboth parite sshare the same
t r a p g n it s e r e t n i e h T . s a e d
i i sthatt hes amenes sca nd riectt oaun tiyt ogaincetrain
y r o e h t s i h T . s e s o p r u
p i s implemented in the discussion on why universtiy
. s t n e m e v o m e h t t c u d n o c o t r e d r o n i r e h t o h c a e e ti n u s t n e d u t s
3 .
1 Geographica lCondi iton sandFoodandDrink
A geographica lenvrionmen tca n in lfuence the society’ sso tr so ffood and
n i k ir o S . k n ir
d (1927)i nt hi sseciton show sther elaitont ha t“Therew asalsosome
e h t d n a t n e m n o ri v n e c i h p a r g o e g a f o a n u a f d n a a r o lf e h t n e e w t e b e c n e d n e p e d
” y t e i c o s a f o k n ir d d n a d o o f f o y ti l a u q d n a y ti t n a u
n i k ir o S , n o it a l e r r o c s u o i v e r p e h t f o e ti p s n
I (1927)alsogroups somepeople s
.s d o o f ri e h t f o s d n i k e h t o t n i m e h t y fi s s a l c o t r e d r o n i s tr o s e m o s o t n
i Heclassiifes
“ t a h
t P irncipa lkind soff oodandcorrespondingpeoples…rice :Oraons ,S.I ndians ,
k n o T , s n a g a r A . N , s i a h s o o L , e s e n a p a J , s a d n u M , s n a e r o K , e s e n i h
C ingese ,
o a
L sians ,Siamese… ( .p 112).
s n i a l p x e o s l a n i k ir o
S (1927) the value o fweatlh o fcetrain product si s
. d e t a c o l s i ti h c i h w n i s e c n a t s m u c ri c l a i c o s e h t o t d e t a l e
r I twa sclealrystatedt ha t
…
“ the product so fa geographic envrionmen tbecome economically valuable ,
s l a t u b s t c u d o r p e s e h t f o e r u t a n e h t n o y l n o t o n s d n e p e
d o on t hecharacte ro fa
. p ( y t e i c o
s 114)” .
.
2 Reviewoft heSociocutlural-Historica lBackground
t r a p s i h
T providessomeinformaiton in r elaitont ohisto irca lnote soccurirng
s 0 7 9 1 n
i . Theclassi ifcaitoncanavoidt hemisunderstandingi ni mplemenitngt hem
y d u t s s i h t o t n
i . tI srolei st o suppo trt hediscussion combined wtih somet heo ire s
.s n o it s e u q d e d n e t n i e h t e v l o s o t e v o b a
1 .
2 TheLfieCondiiton so fvillagersi ntheRura lArea s
e r e h
1
. 1 .
2 UnfairDevelopmen tofI rriga itonFaclitiy
d e lt it n e k o o b r e h n
I Thaliand in Transiiton ,P irzzia explain s(1985 )tha t u n a d e c a f d a h s a e r a l a r u r n i s r e g a ll i v y n a m t a h t s t c a f e m o s e r e w e r e h t
“ nfai r
. ” t n e m n r e v o g g n il u r e h t m o r f e c n e ir e p x e h t u o S s n o it a N f o y r a r b i L f o r o ti d e e h t n a ll
A -eas tAsia (1987) i nforms tha t
t n e m ti m m o c s ’t n e m n r e v o g e h t f o g n it b u o d d e tr a t s s n o i g e r e m o s n i e l p o e p l i v i
c o f
p ( t n e m p o l e v e
d .138) .H erepo trs tha t“Int hel ate1960s ,poorf armers ,paritcula lry
h tr o n e h t , h tr o n e h t n
i -east ,andt hesouth ,grewi ncreasingly r esenftult owardst he
. ) 8 3 1 . p ( ” t n e m p o l e v e d l a r u r o t t n e m ti m m o c f o k c a l s ’t n e m n r e v o g , e l p m a x e r o
F P irzzia(1985 )repo trs the rea ldevelopmen ton a dam projec t
f
o Bhummibho lactually should be responded posiitvely by the civiilan sthere .
y lr i a f t o n s a w , e c n i v o r p k a T n i a e r a e t o m e r n i d e t a c o l , t c e j o r p e h t , r e v e w o H . s a e r a n i a tr e c n i s n a il i v i c l l a o t d e t u b ir t s i d ) 5 8 9 1 ( a i z z ir
P descirbe stha tprojecta sbellow .
n a g e b d n a d n a li a h T l a r u r f o a e r a e t o m e r a n i d e t a c o l s i t c e j o r p s i h T r o f n o it a g ir ri y l n o t o n e d i v o r p d l u o w t a h t s n g i s e d e t a r o b a l e h ti w e h t n i s d l o h e s u o h l a r u r r o f y ti c ir t c e l e o s l a t u b s e s o p r u p l a r u tl u c ir g a r e v e n s a w n a l p e h t f o t c e p s a n o it a g ir ri e h T . a e r
a fullyi mplemented ,
o t t u p t u o y g r e n e s ’ m a d e h t d e ir r a c s e l b a c e g u h d n a , r e v e w o h e h t n i s r e g a ll i v e h t f o t s o m e li h w k o k g n a B d n a s l a ti p a c l a i c n i v o r p c e l e t u o h ti w d e n i a m e r m a d e h t f o y ti n i c i v e t a i d e m m
i tirctiyo reasy
r e t a w o t s s e c c
a .( p.104)
o C f o y r a r b i L S .
U ngres s(n.d )repo trs the riirgaiton faclitiy did no tscope if ir a l c y ll a c if i c e p s tI . s d n a l ll
a e sthecondiitoni nt hef ollowingctiaiton .
5 . 4 n a h t e r o m s ' n o it a n e h t f o r e tr a u q a y lr a e n e r e h w , h tr o N e h t n I 3 8 9 1 ( d e t a c o l e r e w s d l o h e s u o h l a r u tl u c ir g a n o il li
m esitmate) ,ove r
a h y l n o m r a f l a c i p y t e h t , n o it a g ir ri d e ll o rt n o
c d silghlty more t han
o w t t u o b a f o d e t s i s n o c d n a l d e t a g ir ri n o n n o m r a f A . e r a t c e h e n o n i a r s a w h c i h w f o t r a p , s e r a t c e
h -fedpaddyandpar tupland .(p .1)
) d . n ( l u k a y n a p tr e l g n u e
R clairifes how the condiiton in cen rta lplain wa s
v e d n a t n e r e f fi d y lt n a c if i n g i
s en in t he ilmtied developmen tthe unfarines salso
e H . d e r r u c c
o statesthecondiiton ,a sbellow .
s a w h t w o r g l a r u tl u c ir g a , s 0 8 9 1 y lr a e e h t o t s 0 6 9 1 e h t t u o h g u o r h T e r e w s t u p n i m r a F . t n e m e g a n a m m r a f n i e g n a h c e lt ti l h ti w d e v e i h c a c x e , t n e t x e d e ti m il a o t d e s
u epti nt hecen rta lplain r egion wherea ll
u
f -scaleGreenRevoluitont ookplace.( p .2)
r e h t o n
I reviews o fThaliand history ,Reungletrpanyaku l(n.d )idenitifes
e H . g n i s s e c o r p d n a l m r a f f o y ti u n it n o c e h t r o f l a it n e s s e y r e v d e n o it c n u f s n o it a g ir ri e t a t s y ll a c if i c e p
s s tha t“riirgaiton i sa mos timpo tran tinfrasrtucture fo rmodern
n i a r l a r u t a n d r a w o t y c n e d n e p e d e h t , t n e m e t a t s r e h t o n I . ) 5 7 1 . p ( ” e r u tl u c ir g a h t d e t c e f f
a e quanttiy o fharvest .He also suppo trs why t he funciton o f riirgaiton
t I . d e r e d i s n o c e b d l u o h
s i s stated tha t“…i ffarming i sto rely on natura lrain ,
e h t s g n o l o r p y l n o t o n n o it a g ir r I . d e h s il b a t s e e b t o n n a c m e t s y s g n i m r a f e v i s n e t n i o s l a t u b d o ir e p g n i m r a
f allow sfarmers t o regulate t he waterl evel saccording t o
n o it a g ir ri f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t , y ti l a e r n I . ) 5 7 1 . p ( ” s p o r c r i e h t f o t n e m e ri u q e r e h t f o t c e j o r p e h t n e e b d a
h the government .In the con rtary ,i tseem sno tmaximal .
l u k a y n a p tr e l g n u e
R (n.d )clair ifes ht a t“the Tha igovernmen tha srecognized thi s e v a h , r e v e w o h , e c n a m r o fr e p r i e h T . s t c e j o r p y n a m n e k a tr e d n u s a h d n a e c n a tr o p m i .) 5 7 1 . p ( ” r o o p y l e v it a l e r n e e b e L d n a a r a M ’
O - iS (1985 ) in thei r study share thei r ifnding s on the
s e il i m a f f o r e b m u n e h t f o e g a t n e c r e
n o il li m 4 e h t f o t n e c r e p 8 9 e r a s d l o h e s u o h g n i w o r g e c ir “ t a h t e t a t s ) 5 8 9 1 ( y e h T . ) x . p ( ” … n o it a l u p o p l a t o t f o t n e c r e p 5 5 r o f g n it n u o c c a , s e il i m a f m r a f r e p o o
C (1979 )repo trs there wa sa decilning qualtiy o fsoi lfetrlitiy .I t
n i y ll a i c e p s e s e il i m a f y n a m f o e fi l e h t d e t c e f f
a no trhern Thaliand .I twa ssuch
t a h t d o ir e p e h t f o s d l e i y d e ti m
il alo toft hem wereno tablet o fulifllt hei rneed
y lt n e i c if f u
s becauseo filmtiedyieldsi nt hepeirod(p.324) .
2 . 1 .
2 PoorHeatlhCondiiton
m e l b o r p r e h t o e h
T i sheatlh qualtiy i n the rura lvillages .Du irng t he peirod n i e l p o e p l l a , e m it f
o the rura larea sfaced poo rheatlh condiitons .There were
a m , s e it il i c a f y r a ti n a s e t a u q e d a n i s a h c u s s n o it i d n o c e m o
s lnutiriton ,andt he ilkes .
h tl a e H d lr o W f o h tl a e H c il b u P f o y rt s i n i M f o y g e t a rt S d n a y c il o P f o u a e r u B tr o p e r ) 5 0 0 2 ( n o it a z i n a g r
O s the condiitons o fheatlh faced by rura lpopulaiton
e r e
w such a spoo r ilving condiiton , ilmtied faciilite so fsantiaiton ,deteriorated
n o it ir t u n l a m d n a , t n e m n o ri v n e l a r u t a
n (p .7) .
) 5 0 0 2 ( O H
W also repo trs tha tthe no trhern area swere actually a remote . n o it i d n o c l a c i h p a r g o e g o t n o it a l e r n i s r e ir r a b h ti w e c a l p O H
W (2005 ) sil st tha tcondiitons a sbellow .
c i m o n o c e d n a l a i c o s t n a c if i n g i s s w o h s n o i g e r n r e h tr o n e h T d n o c e s d n a li a h T s e d u l c n i o s l a t i e s u a c e b t r a p n i , t n e m p o l e v e d s a l l e w s a n o it a c u d e r e tt e b s n a e m s i h T . i a M g n a i h C , y ti c t s e g r a l , n o it i d d a n I. … s e c i v r e s d n a s m a r g o r p l a c i d e m e t a ir p o r p p a o t s s e c c a m e h
t ountainousr egionsi nt heno trhcreatephysica lbarirers ,which o t s e c i v r e s h tl a e h r o f t l u c if fi d t i e k a m d n a s p u o r g y n a m e t a l o s i d e t a l o s i e s o h t y l n o t o n s r e g n a d n e s i h T . e l p o e p e s e h t h c a e r s u o it c e f n i w e n a f i s t c e f f e h tl a e h c il b u p e v a h y a m t u b , s e it i n u m m o c s a e r a e s e h t n i d e c u d o rt n i t s ri f s i e s a e s i
h tl a e h f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t ,t c a f n
I access wa sno tanew projec tfo rThais .
y a w r i e h t d a h e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t ,s a e r a l a r u r o t e m a c e n i c i d e m n r e d o m e r o f e B m e l b o r p h tl a e h r i e h t e r a c o
t s . WHO , moreover , adds (2005 ) tha t “heatlh
e c a l p g n i k a t n e e b g n o l d a h n o it a p i c it r a p s ’ e l p o e p n o d e s a b s e it i v it c a t n e m p o l e v e d fl e s n o y l e g r a l d e d n e p e d d a h e l p o e p l a r u r e h t … s e it i n u m m o c i a h T l a r u r n i -ti d a rt f o s e c i v r e s e h t n o g n i y l e r r o e n i c i d e m l a n o it i d a rt g n i z il it u , n o it a c i d e
m iona l
” s r e l a e
h (p .37) .
l a n r u o j s i h n i ir s m r e
S (2002 )agrees thati n1970t hemajortiyofr ura lpeople
d d a e h , n e h T . ) 9 6 1 . p ( s r e t n e c h tl a e h t n e m n r e v o g n a h t s r e l a e h l a n o it i d a rt o t t n e w s e h t n e m n r e v o g e h t y b d e d i v o r p s s e c c a f o e s u d e ti m il e h t f o s n o s a e r e h
t atlhcenter ,
. w o ll e b s a r e d n u e h
T -uitilzaiton refer sto a balance o fgovernmen teffo tr s i a h T e h T . e s u t n e it a p f o t u p t u o e h t d n a s r e t n e c h tl a e h g n i n r e c n o c d n a s r e t n e c h tl a e h g n i d li u b n i t n e m t s e v n i f o t o l a t u p t n e m n r e v o g v o r p o t l e n n o s r e p h tl a e h g n i n i a
rt idedecen tcaret o t he majortiy o f e h t e s u o t e m a c s r e g a ll i v l a c o l w e f a y l n o t u b , s a e r a l a r u r n i s i a h T n i m e l b o r p t n a c if i n g i s A . s r e t n e c h tl a e h e s e h t y b d e r e f f o s e c i v r e s , s e c i v r e s e h t f o t s o c e h t t a h t s a w e r a c h tl a e h t n e m n r e v o g g n i s u n a c i m o n o c e g n i d u l c n
i d socia l costs , wa s highe r than tha t o f .) 9 6 1 . p ( ” s r e n o it it c a r p l a n o it i d a rt 3 . 1 .
2 HighLandRent
o t g n ir r e f e
R the othe rhisto irca lnotes on the pracitce so fland ren tin
. t n e r d n a l e h t r o f t n e m y a p f o s d n i k o w t e r e w e r e h t , d n a li a h
T SEAMEO (2000 )
e if ir a l
c s bothmodelsi nt hef ollowings eciton .
l a u d i v i d n i n o g n i d n e p e d , h s a c n i r o d n i k n i r e h ti e d i a p s i t n e R . s e c it c a r p y r a m o t s u c g n il i a v e r p e h t d n a s t n e m e g n a r r
a In ce train
f o t r a p e t u b ir t n o c s r e n w o d n a l e h t t u b d e ri u q e r s i d n i k n i t n e r ,s a e r a s n e p x e m r a f e h
t est oward produciton of t he paddy. Fo rexample , . d r o l d n a l e h t y b d e n w o s e o l a f f u b y b e n o d e b y a m g n i h g u o l
e h t d n a h s a c n i s i t n e m y a p l a t n e r f o e d o m l a u s u e h t , l a r e n e g
ll a t a n o it c u d o r p f o t s o c y n a r a e b t o n o d s r e n w o d n a
l (p.1).
e r g n o C f o y r a r b i L . S .
U s s (n.d) repo trs tha tin the ealry o f1970s, Tha i
e h t d r a w o t t n e t n o c s i d r i e h t s s e r p x e o t d e t a it i n i s r e m r a f r e r o o p y ll a i c e p s e e l p o e p
f o y a w n o m m o
c the high land rent .They focused mainly on the amoun to fthe
o d e s u a c o s l a s a w t n e t n o c s i d e h t , e li h w n a e M . t n e
r fno l ega lagreemen tbetween
e n o d e d e e c x e y l e r a r t a h t “ t n e m e e r g a l a b r e v e k a m o t d e s u e r e w y e h t ,s e it r a p h t o b
” l a w e n e r f o s e it n a r a u g o n d e ir r a c d n a r a e
y (p .1) .
2 .
2 UniverstiyStudentMovement
s e d i s e
B ,Allan (1987 )cla irifes the staritng poin to fthe universtiy studen t
.s t n e m e v o
m Heexplain showint heyears,s tudent scommencedt obeawareoft he
. s n o it i d n o c s ’ r e k r o w e h t o t d n o p s e r o t s a w n o it c a l a e r e h T . s n o it i d n o c l a n o it a n
. t n e t n o c s i d f o s u c o f r e h t o n a e m a c e b s e it i s r e v i n u e h t , e li h w n a e M
s e h t f o y n a
M tudent shad becomeciritca loff oreign economicand f o s n o it i d n o c e h t f o e r a w a e b o t n a g e b d n a s e c n e u lf n i l a r u tl u c
) 8 3 1 . p ( s r e k r o w l a r u r d n a n a b r
u .
y ll a u t c
A , i twas reailzed tha tatfe rfo ra long pe irod ,they were lead by
T . e l u r n a ir a ti r o h t u
a herefore , the socia l movement s really en ilghtened the
T . e fi l ’ s n a il i v i
c he role o fstuden tmovement sessen itally affected the poilitca l
d n a li a h T n i e g n a h
c att he it . me d e lt it n e k o o b a n
I Library o f Naiton s South-Eas t Asia , Allan (1987 )
n o it n e
m s tha t“wtih t hei rdepatrurea l ong peirod o fauthortiairan rule t o an end
o h w s t n a s a e p f o y ti r o n i m e h t r o f s t n e r l a r u tl u c ir g a n o d e t a l s i g e l ,s e h s i w r a l u p o p . ) 8 3 1 . p ( ” s r e d l o h e e r f t o n e r e w , n e h
T P irzzia (1985 )explains the in lfuence o fthe studen tmovemen tin
I . 3 7 9
1 tw as descirbed that the paritcipaiton o fvairou sgroup soccurred and i t
. n o it i d n o c s u o i v e r p e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d d e m e e s
The studen t revoluiton o f 1973 which ovetrhrew the Thanom r
a ti li
m y regime forced open the Tha ipo ilitca lsystem ;… t;he d e k c o l y l s u o i v e r p f o n o it a p i c it r a
p -ou tgroup srepresenitng vairou s 3 7 9 1 ( d o ir e p s i h t g n ir u d ; … ; y t e i c o s i a h T f o s r o t c e
s -1976) ,mos to f
r a r o p m e t t s a e l t a e r e w s d n a m e d r i e h
t liy me t by the Tha i
t n e m n r e v o
g …(fo rwage ,sl and…(p.104).
a i z z ir
P (1985 )add sothe rnotest oward t hei mpac toft heup irsing especially
r o
f farme rposiiton .S he (1985 ) explains tha t“...whlie farmers ’associaiton s
l o r e v it c e f f e n a y a l p d n a e z i n a g r o o t n a g e b o s l a d n a s e h c r a m d e t c u d n o
c ei n rtying
n o it u b ir t s i d d n a n o it c u d o r p e c ir n i s l o rt n o c e c ir p d n a m r o f e r d n a l e v e i h c a o
t ” .(p
) 4 0 1 . , n e h
T U.S .Library o fCongres s(n.d )explains tha tin 1973 the civiilan
d n a l d n a t n e r n o s n r e c n o c r i e h t d e l a e v e r e m it f o d o ir e p e h t d e n r e v o g t a h t t e n i b a c s r e m r a f , tl u s e r a s A . n o o s d e t n e m e l p m i t o n e r e w s n o it c a e h t t c a f n I . m r o f e r tl u s e r ti d n a n o it c a f s it a s s i d r i e h t l a e p p a o t d e c n e m m o
c e d demonsrtaitons no May
m r o f e r t n e r e h t g n i s s a p f o g n i m o c h tr o f s a w t c a p m i e h t , e r o f e r e h T . 4 7 9 1 e n u J d n a e r s a w t i , n e h T . w a
l cognizedast heAg ircutlura lLandRen tConrto lAc to f1974.I t
x i s r o f g n i d i v o r p “ s t n i o p e m o s f o d e s o p m o c s a
w -year ,indeifntiely renewable
r o f s e r u d e c o r p d n a , y l n o r a e y a e c n o e l b a y a p e b o t e r e w s t n e R . s t c a rt n o c l a t n e r . d e if i c e p s s a w t n u o m a e h t g n i n i m r e t e
e n o n a h t s s e l e r e w t s e v r a h e h t fi d i a p e b d l u o w e n o n d n a , d e c u d e r e b o t s a w t n e r -l a m r o n d ri h
t (p .1). m
o r
F theothe rsource ,SEAMEO (n.d )repo trst ha tthe reform on l and ren t
e v e i h c a o t n o it u l o s d o o g a d e r a h
s a bette rlfie o ffarmers .Compairng to the
r i a f a e g a n a m d l u o c s r e m r a f ,t c a e h t f o n o it a c il p p a e h t h g u o r h t , n o it i d n o c s u o i v e r p tr o p e r tI . s d r o l d n a l h ti w e r a h
s s thecontent soft he1974FarmRen tConrto lAct ,a s
. w o ll e b a m , t c A l o rt n o C t n e R m r a F 4 7 9 1 e h t r e d n
U ximumceiilng sonr en t
n w o r g s p o r c f o e p y t e h t n o y l n i a m d n e p e d d e g r a h c e b o t e l b a w o ll a .s e it i v it c u d o r p r i e h t d n
a They arestated i n mos tcases i n t erm so f r o f s A . s m r e t y r a t e n o m n i t o n d n a , e c u d o r p l a t o t e h t f o n o it r o p o r p n il i e c l a t n e r m u m i x a m e h t , y d d a
p g i sabou ta th rid o fthe tota l . n o it c u d o r p y d d a
p Whethert hisi st oohight obemeaningfu lhas to s e it il a c o l e h t n o d e g d u j e
b (p .1 .)
o p e r ) 6 0 0 2 ( i a k a W d n a a d a k
O tr sthe amoun tof l and ren tincreased i n the y r e v s a w t i , n o it i d d a n I .s n o i g e r e m o s n i y l n o d a e r p s e s a e r c n i e h T . s r a e y f o d o ir e p . s 0 7 9 1 g n ir u d s u o i v b o e h
T Raito o fRentedf armingl andt ot otalf armingl andi n Thaliand l a rt n e c d n a n r e h tr o n n i y lr a l u c it r a p , e s a e r c n i d i p a r a t n e w r e d n u y l d i p a r d e s a e r c n i t u b , % 5 n a h t s s e l s a w o it a r e h t, 3 6 9 i n i … s n o i g e r . ) 7 3 2 . p ( s 0 7 9 1 d n a s 0 6 9 1 e h t n i h t n i a l p x e o s l a y e h t , n e h
T ef aliureoft hel andr entr eforml awi n1975 .
e v it a l s i g e L e h t d e s s a p m r o f e r d n a l l a r u tl u c ir g a e h t h g u o h tl A d n a h g i h d e n i a m e r o it a r d e s i a r e h t , 5 7 9 1 n i d n a li a h T f o y l b m e s s A e h t t a h t d e m i a l c o r p t n e m n r e v o g i a h T e h T . d r a w r e tf a d e g n a h c n u p ( . d e li a f s a w m r o f e
. d n a li a h T n i d e r r u c c o e g n a h c l a c it il o p e h t s e t a t s o s l a ) 4 7 9 1 ( a l a b m u J
s , s r o t c e s r e h t o n i s e s s e r g o r p t n a c if i n g i s o n e r e w e r e h t ,r e v e w o
H uch a ssocia land
. ) 0 4 5 . p ( s r o t c e s c i m o n o c e
.
3 TheoreitcalFramework
o i c o s s e il p p a y d u t s s i h
T -cutlura l histo irca l approach . Therefore , some
. n o it c e s s i s y l a n a e h t n i d e t n e m e l p m i e r a y r o t s i h d n a li a h T f o s w e i v e r d n a s e ir o e h t
a r u r f o s e ir o e h t , y ll a c if i c e p
S lcommuntiy ;and geographica lcondiiton sfood and
. s r e g a ll i v f o s n o it i d n o c