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Uji Antihiperkolesterolemia Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) pada Serum Darah Marmot
ABSTRAK
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) merupakan tumbuhan menjalar yang memiliki banyak manfaat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti menurunkan kolesterol. Kolesterol merupakan faktor pembentukan aterosklerosis arteri-arteri vital, yang menimbulkan penyakit pembuluh darah perifer, koroner, dan serebrovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etil asetat daun binahong terhadap kadar kolesterol darah marmot yang dibuat hiperkolesterolemia, dan membandingkan efek penurunan kolesterol dari ekstrak etil asetat daun binahong dengan obat simvastatin.
Sampel daun binahong dikarakterisasi dan dilakukan skrining fitokimia, sebelum diuji sebagai penurunan kolesterol marmot. Marmot hiperkolesterolemia dibuat dengan memberikan makanan induksi kuning telur (dosis 1% bb) dicampur lemak kambing 15 g selama 14 hari. Suspensi ekstrak etil asetat daun binahong diberikan per oral dengan dosis 100 mg/kgbb, 200 mg/kgbb, dan 400 mg/kgbb, sebagai kontrol positif adalah simvastatin dan CMC Na sebagai kontrol pelarut selama 7 hari pada marmot yang mengalami hiperkolesterolemia.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia daun binahong yaitu kadar air 7,32%, kadar sari larut air 26,16%, kadar sari larut etanol 25,86%, kadar abu total 6,35%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,58%. Simplisia daun binahong mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, glikosida, flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan steroid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat daun binahong 400 mg/kgbb memberikan efek penurunan kadar kolesterol yang tidak berbeda nyata (p ≤ 0,05) dengan pemberian simvastatin, dibandingkan dosis 100 mg/kgbb dan 200 mg/kgbb menurunkan kolesterol tidak lebih baik dari simvastatin. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etil asetat daun binahong dosis 400 mg/kgbb merupakan dosis efektif untuk penurunan kadar kolesterol serum pada marmot hiperkolesterolemia.
Kata Kunci: (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), Hiperkolesterolemia Karakterisisasi simplisia, Skrining fitokimia,
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Anti-Hypercholesterolemia of Ethyl Acetate Extract of the Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) in Blood Serum Guinea Pig
ABSTRACT
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) are vines that have many benefits for treating various diseases, such as to lower cholesterol. Cholesterol is a factor of the formation of atherosclerosis vital arteries, causing peripheral vascular disease, coronary and cerebrovascular. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of ethyl acetate extract of the binahong leaves on blood cholesterol levels guinea pig made hypercholesterolemia, and comparing the cholesterol lowering effect of ethyl acetate extract of the binahong leaves with simvastatin drug.
Sample of binahong leaf were characterized and phytochemical screening done before in trials as a cholesterol-lowering effect of a guinea pig. Guinea pig hypercholesterolemia made with food induced yolk (dose 1% body weight) mixed with goat fat 15 g for 14 days. Suspension of ethyl acetate extract of the leaves binahong given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, a positive control is simvastatin and CMC Na as a solvent control For 7 days in guinea pig who have hypercholesterolemia.
The result of simplex characterization of binahong leaves is the water content value 7.32%, the water soluble extract value 26.16%, the ethanol soluble extract value 25.86%, the total ash 6.35%, and the ash is not soluble in acid
0.58%. Simplex of binahong leaves cointain secondary metabolites alkaloids,
glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponin and steroids. From the result obtained ethyl acetate extract of the binahong leaves dose of 400 mg/kg body weight give the effect of a decrease in cholesterol levels is not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from simvastatin suspension, whereas a doses of 100 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight lower cholesterol is not better than simvastatin. It was concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of binahong leaves dose of 400 mg/kg body weight is effective dose to decrease serum cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemia guinea pigs.
Keywords : (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), Characterization of Simplex, Hypercholesterolemia, Phytochemical screening.
