MAKALAH ILMIAH tawas

MAKALAH ILMIAH MAKALAH ILMIAH MAT

MATA KULIAH SATUAN PROSES A KULIAH SATUAN PROSES II SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2016 SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2016

ALUMUNI

ALUMUNIUM

UM SULFA

SULFAT

T

Al

Al

22

(SO

(SO

44

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33 DISUSUN OLEH DISUSUN OLEH R RHHAAMMDDAALLIIA A FFAANNNNYY ((115511442244002255)) S SIINNTTA A PPUUTTRRI I KKAARRIISSMMAA ((115511442244002299)) Kel!" Kel!" 1A 1A # # TKP$TKP$

PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA IV TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUKSI BERSIH PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA IV TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUKSI BERSIH

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG

2016 2016

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN 1.1 L!" B#l$%& M'l

Dl% !&'& e*+&,- *' &!&!-. ,+ l*-/&-/- !e*' *' e' *'--. +e-/- !%, '& l*% 'e&'% ,e-.e-. +*!*l- 3le e/*'- *-+&!'* Dl%  ,e%!- %l *-* ,e-&l*! %e-3 %e-el!- %e-/e-* !l !'& !e-.7

-3/-* +* !l !'& l*% .-/ +,' +*%-8'- %e-+* !e!&'& .-/ +,' +*%-8'- .*'& '7! '& +e-/- &%&! *%*-. +l Al2(SO4): Al&%&-*&% S&l8'

D* !e-.7 'e!e&' +,' *' l*' 7 !e-.7 'e!e&' %e-/-+&-/ l&%&-*&% Se,e'* .-/ 'el +*l&- ,+ e/*'- ,'*&% !eel&%-. +l% ,e%&'- '7!  ,3!e! 'e!e&' %e%-8'- l&%&-*&% 83*l &-'& %e-/&-. %e-+* '7! Se,e'* .-/ 'el *' e'&* 7 l&%&-*&% 83*l *'& e-.- *-+&!'* %e-//&---. +l% ,e-/e%!- !&'& ,3+& %*!l-. ,e%&-/&! !&!& 83%&l ,e%&-/&! 3l'  ,e%&-/&! ,e%e- +- l*-;l*- N%&- *' '*+ %e-.+* 7 l 'e!e&' +,' *'

%-8'-

D* &*- +* '! 'e!e&' ,e-&l*! 'e*-!,*!* &-'& 'e&! %e-/e!,l3 '&,&- *-83%!* %e-/e-* '7! le* & l/* /&- %e-.e%,&-- ,e-/e'&- ,'*&% .-/ 'el +*l&- +- %e%%* e'&l ,3!e!;,3!e! .-/ 'e+* !e*-// l 'e!e&' +,' *' ,l*!*- ,&l +l% e*+&,- !e*;* /&- %e-/&-/* +-%e%*-*%l*!* !%, '&,&- l*% .-/ + +* !e*' l*-/&-/- *' T7! !e-+** +,' +*%-8'- %*!l-. +l% ,e-e-*- * %ell&* ,3!e! 8*l'!* U-'& *'& ,e-&l*! %e-/,- +e-/- +-. %l *-* +,' %e-/*-!,*!* /* ,e% / +,' %e%-8'- l&%&-*&% 83*l !e' %e-/&-. %e-+* !e-.7 *%* !e,e'* '7! .-/ e%-8'

1.2 R*'% M'l

1. A, .-/ +*%!&+ +e-/- l&%&-*&% !&l8' < 2. D*%-- ,3+&!* 'e-. l&%&-*&% !&l8' <

3. $/*%- ,l*!* l&%&-*&% !&l8' +l% e*+&,- < 4. $/*%- !*-'e!*! l&%&-*&% !&l8' <

1.3 T,% P#%l-'%

1 Me-/e'&* l&%&-*&% !&l8'

2 Me-/e'&* 'e%,' ,3+&!* 'e-. l&%&-*&% !&l8'  Me-/e'&* ,l*!* : %-8' +* l&%&-*&% !&l8' 4 Me-/e'&* ,3!e! !*-'e!*! l&%&-*&% !&l8'

5 Me-/e'&* MSDS +- e!el%'- e .-/ e-

1.4 " M#*/#"l# D!

Me'3+e l*'e'& +*/&-- +l% ,e-&l*!- %l *-* Pe-&l*! %e% e/* !&%e 'e,e. .-/ e!l +* *-'e-e' +- %e% l*'e'&e e33 !e' &-l *l%* %e-/e-* l&%&-*&% l&%&-*&% !&l8'

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

1 Pe-/e'*- Al&%&-*&% S&l8'

S&l8' Al&%*-*&% (Al2 (SO4) ) *! +*!e&' l&% +*,3+&!* !e/* *!'l ,&'* .-/ -3-;%&+ 'e +- l&' +l% * D.= *+' (Al2 (SO4) 14H2O) +l 1>? Al2O +- &/ +*&l !e/* 4>?  :  !&l8' l&%*-*&% .-/ @? Al2O D*&l +l%  e-'& ,+' !e/* +*,e '- '& +e&

2 P3+&!* Al&%&-*&% S&l8'

Al&%*-*&% !&l8' Al2 (SO4)  -. +*/&-- 3le *-+&!'* +* Sel-+* $& A,l*!* .-/ ,l*-/ &%&% +l% *-+&!'* ,&l, +- e'! +- +l% ,e%&-*- * Dl% e+& !&! *-* l&% +*/&-- !e/* !&%e Al  !,e!*e! *3-* !-/' +*'&-'&' ,'*el -e/'*8 !e,e'* .-/ %e-/& 7- ,!3- * & %* 'e'* &-'& '*3- *-*  ee!* +e-/- *'& +- e%&+*- %e-/e-+, +* l&'- !e/* ,+'- *3-*

KE$UTUHAN DUNIA

Se '&- 199 l&%&-*&% !&l8' !-/' +*&'&- +,' +*l*' 7 !' *'& 600000 '3- ,e '&- +*&'&- l&%&-*&% !&l8' +* A%e* Se*' >20000 '3- ,e  '&- +*&'&- l&%&-*&% !&l8' +* E3, /*- ' +*%- 90000 '3- ,e '&--. +*,3+&!* 3le S7e+* .-/ %e&,- -e/ %& +* E3, /*- ' D* ,!- e&'&- - l&%&-*&% !&l8' !-/' 'el*' +* +' *%,3' -/ 'e!e&' +*%- +,' +*l*' ,+ 'el e*&'

IMPORTS OF ALUMUNIUM SULPHATE (TONNES)

Ye I%,3'! 199> 199@ 1999 2000 2001 2002 200 2004 2016 @0@ 261 ; 19>52 9000 5>000 910@

2005 2006

10011 102210

ABe/e 456

Tel 11 D' *%,3' l&%&-*&% !&l8'

D* +' 'e!e&' +,' +*l*' 7 e&'&- - l&%&-*&% !&l8' 8l&'&'*8 - 'e',* +* '&- 200;2006 e&'&--. %e-*-/' !e*-// +,' +*,3.e!*- &-'&   ee, '&- e+e,- 7 e&'&- - l&%&-*&% !&l8' ,&- - %e-*-/'

 A,l*!* Al&%&-*&% S&l8'

Al&%*-*&% !&l8' %e&,- - ,e-&--/ .-/ ,e-'*-/ &-'& e%%;%% *-+&!'* (Ke.e!,>@) P3+& l&%*-*&% !&l8' e&, *!'l ,&'* A+,&- e/&--l&%*-*&% !&l8' +l "

) Se/* ,ele' e'! .-/ +*/&-- ,+ ,3!e! ,e%&'- ,&l, +- e'! .*'& &-'& %e-/e-+,- +% .-/ l&' +l% -* ,+ !e' e'! %e-/3-'3l ,H ,+  && e'! !e''*-/ &&- e'! +- %e%-'& %e-/3l * ,&l, +e-/- 

%e-%- l&%*-*&% !&l8' e+l% ,&l, e'! !eel&% %!& e+l% %e!*- ,e%&' e'!

 ) U-'& %e-e-*- * %e-/3-'3l ,H * +- %e%-'& %e-/3l * &-/- .*'& !e/* 3/&l- .-/ +,' %e-/e-+,- e%%;%% 3'3- +- 'e* !e*-// * *'& %e-+* e!* 'ee! +* ,e%e%- +- %e%e-&* !'-+ * %*-&% .-/ +***--

G% +*!%,*-/ %e&,-Fl37!ee' ,e-e-*- * 

) Se/* - & ,e%&'- le-/ &-'& %e-/7e'- %-- !e/* 3/&l- ,+ *-+&!'* e' !*-'e'*! !e/* *!3l!* '& ,e-.e'- !el&l3! !e/* - ,e%-'&  ,+ ,3!e! ,e-el&,- '* ('e!'*l) ,e%&'- -;- *%* 'l*! ,e-e/ ,*  ,+ - ,e-.e' 3!%e'* 3';3'- l' ,e%+% ,* - ' ,e-.%- &l*'

d) Bahan Kosmetik

T7! !e/* +e3+3-' .-/ +*&l +* I-+*

Ke- ,e%e-'& 3l3*+ % !*8' .-/ !-/' ,e-'*-/ ,+ '7! +l +!3,!* T7! +,' %e-/+!3,!* 3'3- &- +- l*--.

T7! *! +*/&-- &-'& %e-/*l-/- & +- '& -'*;+e3+3-' C &-'&  %e-/*l-/- & +- !-/' %&+ .*'& %*l !'& & '7! ll& el&,- e *  +- 3le!- e e'* -+ !e&&,-. Kl& &-'& %e-/*l-/- 7- *'% +* e'* .*'& /&-- '7! !e&&,-. .-/ +*%,& * -/' ll& 3le!- ,+ e'* -+ .-/ /el, 7--. !e

&'*-e) Bahan Anti Api

Ke- Al&% l*&% %e%*l** '*'* lele 900C T*,e l*- +* l&% +l l&%*-*&% !&l8' .-/ %e-&,* l&% -'*&% l&% %3-*&% +- l&% ,e Al&% +*/&-- &-'&   ,e%&'- - 'e!'*l .-/ '- ,*

T7! %e&,- 3%,3-e- +* 83%*'e .-/ +*/&-- +l% l' ,e%+% e- L&'- .-/ %e-/-+&-/ '7! +*/&-- ,+ e/* e-+ !e,e'* .& *- +-e'! &-'& %e-*-/'- e'---. 'e+, ,*

4 S*-'e!*! Al&%&-*&% S&l8'

Fe- Pe&!- L'+ 'el +*,3+&!* l&%*-*&% !&l8' +* Sel-+* $& !e 190=!  ,e'% +* 7 Pe'-* P&,& N L'+ +- !e-/ !e/* Fe- Ce%*l! N L'+ +*

M3*-!B*lle

 Al&%*-*&% !&l8' +*,3+&!* !e!&* +e-/- e!* e!3'e %*! e*&'"

2AL (OH)   H2SO4  @H2O  Al2 (SO4)  14H2O 8H  ;156 J %3l;1

Al&% &%&%-. +*,3+&!* !e ' +l% e'3 Re'3 +l ,l +*+& 'e&' +* - '- 'e+, e!%- +- ,-! e!*

P3+& .-/ +*!*l- !%,* ,e'e-/- 1960;- +l l&%*-*&% el! !&l8' le* e-+ 'e&' +* &!*' '& '- l*' l&%*- '*-//* P3+& *-* +*!*l- l*% !*l* +- %e%*l** '*-/' 'ell& '*-//* +* e!* &-'& ,e%&'- e'! ,e-//&- &'% '7! P+ '&- 1965 ,e'-* P&,& N L'+ e& &-'& %e-//&-- l&%*-*&% '**+' !e/* - & &-'& '7! &-'& %e%e-&* ,! e'!

Re!*;e!* l*- .-/ %e%&-/*-- +,' 'e+* " 1 Re!* l&%*-*&% +e-/- KOH (l-/ ,e%&-)

2 Al (!)  2 KOH ()  6 H2O (l)  2 KAL (OH) 4 ()   H2 (/) 2 Sel*- A7l !% !&l8' (,e-/e-+,- Al (OH) )

2 l (OH) 4 ()  H2SO4 ()  2 Al (OH)  (!)  K2SO4 ()  2 H2O (l)  Sel*- le* l-&' +* !% !&l8' (,el&'- Al (OH) )

2 Al (OH)  (!)  H2SO4 ()  Al2 (SO4)  ()  6 H2O (l) 4 A* &- +* '7! ,+

,e-+*-/*--K2SO4 ()  Al2 (SO4)  ()  24 H2O (l)  2 KAL (SO4) 2 ⋅12 H2O (!)

  $- &

Al&%*-*&% '**+' +*%&-*- +* &!*' K3%e!*l &!*' (0;>5? Al2O) +e,3!*'3 'e+* +* A&!'l* J%* P-*! G&.- G&*-e A%e* Se*' +- $!*l **  &!*' +*l&'- +l% !3+ &!'* &' &-'& %e%e-'& -'*&% l&%*-' Te '**+' l&%*-*&% e%&+*- +*e-+,- 3le -e'l*!!* (*!-. +e-/- 3- +*3!*+) '& +e-/- &'3,e*,*''*3- (,3!e! $.e)

$- & l*--. !% !&l8' +*,3+&!* &-'& ,3+&!* !&,e83!8' Pe'-* P&,& L'+ A*+ '* 3le ,l '-e l- +- +*,3%, e '-/* ,e-.*%,-- Dl%  ,e%&'- l&%*-*&% !&l8' +*/&-- - & Al2O (612 ?) +- H2SO4 (@0 ?) .-/

+*e!*- +l% e'3 l* '-/* e,e-/+& (RAT$) ,+ 3-+*!* 3,e!* .*'& 'e%,e'& 105;110C+- 'e-- 1 '%Pe-+*-/- %3l Al2O " H2SO4  1 " 

P+ ,--/- *-* ,* l&%*-*&% !&l8' +*+!- ,+ e!* -e'l*!!* .*'& e!* -' !e-.7 ! +e-/- !e-.7 !% .-/ %e%e-'& !e-.7 /% +-* Se%& '3% H +* !% +*/-'* +e-/- '3% l3/% +* *3- H _{+* H}

2SO4 +*/-'*

+e-/- *3- Al !e*-// %e%e-'& !e-.7 Al2(SO4) +l% e'3 Re!* .-/ 'e+* "

 Me'3+e .-/ +*/&-- +l% ,e%&'- l&% 'e+,' +& %e'3+e .*'& 1) P3!e! e*-/

$&!*' +* !*l3 ,e-.*%,- - & +*-/&' +e-/- 3-Be.3 +- +*l&'- +l% !&'& '-/* .-/ +*l,*!* '*% *'% &-'& %e%,e3le 3-!e-'!* l&'- Ke%&+*-l&'- NOH 10 ? +*%!&- e+l%-. +*,-!- +e-/- /*'!* ,H %,&-+*'& >;10 +e-/- l- %e-/e-e--. +e-/- * Al2(OH).-/ 'ee-'&

e%&+*-+*e-+,- +l% l' .-/ +*!e&' '-/* ,e-/e-+,- E-+,- .-/ 'ee-'&  !el-&'-. +*!*-/ ,+ +&% e,&' ,e-.*-/ %, +- !e/*- +*e%l*-!e/* ,e%7 .-/ e'&&- &-'& %e%,ee,' ,3!e! ,e-/e-+,- Al&%*-*&% *+3!*+ .-/ 'e!*-/ e%&+*- +*!&!,e-!*- e+l% !e&%l * ,+ !&'& '-/* +- !el-&'-. +*l&'- l/* +l% NOH +e-/- %e%-!- l&'- CO2

 +*le7'-'e+, l&'- *-* &-'& %e-/'& ,H -' >;10 D*!*-* - 'ee-'& e-+,- .-/  ee-'& /el H!*l e-+,- .-/ ee-'& l&%*- /el +*!*-/ +- +*&* +* l'  ,e-//e ,e-/e*-/ e,&'  /el +*e*-/- ,+ !&& 400;@00C Ke%&+*- +*+*-/*--+* l' ,e-+*+*-/*--+*-/*- e,&' !el-&'-. +*+*-/*--+*%!&- e l' %e!*- ,e-/-& !e*-// +*+,'- ,3+& .-/ +**-/*-- (MKe''199>B3l)

P+ ,3!e! *-* l&%*-*&% !&l8' +*&' +e-/-  %e%-!- - .-/ %e-/-+&-/ Al2O +e-/- !% !&l8' ,+ !&& 1>0C +- 'e-- 1 '% $- .-/ &%&%

+*/&--+l% ,3!e! *-* +l 3l*- (I$ A/19>5) 2) P3!e! !

P+ ,3!e! *-* l&%*-*&% !&l8' +*&' +e-/-  %el&'- - .-/ %e-/-+&-/ Al2O +e-/- !% !&l8' 60$e (!% !&l8' @0 ?) +l% !&'& e'3 ,+ !&& 105;110C

+- 'e-- 1 '% $- .-/ &%&% +*/&-- +l% ,3!e! *-* +l &!*'

$&!*' +* !*l3 ,e-.*%,- - & +*-/&' +e-/- 3-Be.3 +- +*&%,-- e+l% e'3 Se%e-' !% !&l8' (H2SO4) .-/ e!l +* '-/* ,e-.*%,- +*l*-

+e-/- ,3%, +- +*,-!- le7' ,e%-! +- +*&%,-- e+l% e'3 D*+l% e'3  'e+* e!* !el% 15;20 % Re!*-. +l "

Al2O   H2SO4 Al2(SO4)   H2O

P3+& .-/ el& +* e'3 +*,3%, e -e'l*e &-'& %e-e'l- !% !&l8' !*! +e-/- ,e-%- $S !e*-// 'ee-'& *&% !&l8' L&'- +*'%- /l&e

!e/* 3/&l- &-'& %e-/e-+,- *%,&*'*! +*+l% '*e-e !el-&'-. +*%!&-e+l% eB,3'3 &-'& +*&,- Al2(SO4) +**!'l- +*+l% *!'l*e !e*-//

'ee-'& Al2(SO4)1@H2O .-/ %!* ! Ke%&+*- +*e*-/- +e-/- l' ,e-/e*-/

!e'el %ele7'* !e7 3-Be.3 +- *-. +*!*%,- e+l% !*l3 ,e-.*%,- !e'el %ele7'* l' ,e-/-/&'- +- eleB'3

P3!e! .-/ +*,* +l ,3!e! ! e- le* %e-/&-'&-/- +- e3-3%*! +*-+*-/ ,3!e! e*-/ Hl *'& e+!- ,e'*%-/- "

A Kele*- ,3!e! !

 L*% .-/ +*!*l- e&, H2S .-/ !-/' !e+**'  .-/ e%&+*-

+*%!&-e+l% &-*' ,e-/3l- l*% !e*-// '*+ %e%.-

 Al' .-/ +*/&-- ,+ ,3!e! ! le* !e+**' !e*-// +,' %e-/e%' &-/ $ Ke&-/- ,3!e! e*-/

 L*% .-/ +*!*l- e&, +e& .-/ ee-'& !e& .-/ !-/' l&! +,' %e%.- ,&;,& %-&!*

 Al' .-/ +*/&-- ,+ ,3!e! e*-/ 'ell& -. !e*-// -. %e-/el&-&-/

+ I%,l*!*

L*-/&-/-Se%& !*'&! l*% +*el3l 3le D*!'*&'e+ C3-'3l S.!'e% (DCS) S*'&! l* +- '&%,-+*&%,&l- +l% /e--/- * Se%& /e--/- * 3le!* %e%*l** ,3e '*-/' .-/ !e'el '! 'e,* %&l* ,3%,  .-/ %e%3%, * %ell&* ,3' ,H &%&% J* ,H +l '! l& % * %!& e 3l+*-/ '- +* %- * +*/&-- +e-/- * e!* J* ,H +*'e*% * +*&-/ e l*- l*% Al*- l*% +l ,H +*,-'& +-+*-l*!*! &-'& ,+'- 'e!&!,e-!* $e/* !e-.7 +- ele%e- 'e%!& l&%*-*&% l&' +*-l*!*! &-'& 388;!*'e +- !*l-. +*l,3- e,+ L*-/&-/- *'3

T! '**+' * +*&l &-'& +*/&-- e%l* '& +*e*- e,+ +e7- l3l !e/* 7+ &-'& +& &l-/ ,l!'* +- l&%*-*&% le-/

e Pe- L3'3*&%

3le l3'3*&% *-+e,e-+e- P3+& *-* +*,3+&!* !e!&* +e-/- S'-+ N 83 S&,,l. +* Al&%*-*&% S&l8' &-'& Pe-//&-- +* 'e Te'%e-'

8 8l37!ee' ,e%'- l&%

G% +*!%,*-/ +l e'3  .-/ +*/&-- &-'& !*-'e!*! l&%

G% +*!%,*-/ +l !l !'& ,*

6 KESELAMATAN KERJA

; G&-- APD !' %ee!*- !e-.7 *-* !e,e'* !&-/ '-/- +- l*-; Me% MSDS 'ele* +&l*-;l&l*-;

; G&-- &-/ !% * %ee!*- !e-.7 *-* +e-/- !%

; Ke'* %e-//&--' *-* ,!'*- Be-'*l!* &-/- ee +e-/- * 

; J* e%*!* +e& +* ' '*+ *! +*3-'3l ,+ '! /&-- ,el*-+&-/- ,e-8!-.-/ +*-&-

; G&-- ! l3'3*&% !e' ,el*-+&-/ %' (/33/le!) e- e. 'e+, %' ; G&-- *% ,el*-+&-/ &l*' &-'& %e-/&-/* . **'!* * 'ee- '

B 5

Re!*3 !e*&! * 'ee- %' P#"!l%&% 5

Se &%&%

Dl% !e%& !&! . +*%33- &-'& %e%&!'- ,+ ,e'3l3-/- %e+*! Te*&,

P*-+- 3- e 'e%,' .-/ !e/ * '*+ ,&l* +e-/- e,' *  ,e'3l3-/- %e+*!

Te'el-J-/- +*%&-'-* !e !,3-'- +*%&-'- ,!'*- 7 !* 3-%e%&-'- !e%&-. e- * '*+ +*'&'- 3- - 'ee* J* 3- +l% e+- !+!&& 3- %*-&% * .-/ -. *;* 500 %l *!'*'- 3- +- * ,e'3l3-/- %e+*!

K&l*'

Le,!- ,*- .-/ 'ee- ' &* /*- &l*' .-/ 'ee- ' +e-/- !&-+- * * 'e+* **'!* * ,e'3l3-/- %e+*! C&* ,*- .-/ 'ee- ' !eel&% +*,*

M'

Se/e &* %' +e-/- * .-/ -. !%*l %e-/-/' el3, %' &* !el% 15 %e-*' +- * ,e'3l3-/- %e+*!

H%l-%& % S!"&#

H*-+* 'ee-'&-. +e& e'* %e-.*%,- l&%&-*&% !&l8' +- *-+* +* 3-' &l*' +- %' S*%,- +* 'e%,' .-/ !e& e*-/ +- eBe-'*l!* S*%,- !e %-

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Fe- Ce%*l! N L'+ M3*-!B*lle +l ISO9002 'e+8'

P+.3' P'-* Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals MG7;H*ll 2002 IS$N 0;0>; 04949;@

 Truman State ni!ersit"#$reparation and Ana%"sis o& A%um#

http'((hem%a*#truman#edu(+,-.130/a*s(A%um#asp# iakses 6 Apri%

2016

#TT# S"ntetist o& a%um &rom a%uminum#

http'((#mesa#edu(paud"84101(+,.151//(6B20A%um#pd& #

iakses 6 Apri% 2016

#TT# A%uminum Su%&ate# https'((en#ikipedia#or(iki(A%uminiumsu%&ate#

iakses 6 Apri% 2016