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HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' MASTERY OF

THE

KINDS OF SUBJECTS IN ENGLISH

SENTENCES

:

AN

ERROR

ANALYSIS

A

THESIS

In

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English Language Teaching

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APPROVAL SHEET

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T h i s t h e s i s e n t i t l e d

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KINDS

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ENGLISH

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b e e n a p p r o v e d a n d a c c e p t e d a s p a r t i a l f u l f i l m e n t o f t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e S a r j a n a P e n d i d i k a n d e g r e e i n E n g l i s h

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APPROVAL SHEET

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

T h e writer o f t h e t h e s i s w o u l d l i k e t o e x p r e s s h e r

d e e p e s t g r a t i t u t e t o :

1. T h e H e a v e n l y God, who h a s made e v e r y t h i n g p o s s i b l e

u n d e r h i s h o l y p r o v i d e n c e .

2 .

D R . D .

Wagiman A . , h e r f i r s t t h e s i s w r i t i n g a d v i -

s o r , w h o s e c o m m e n t s , e n c o u r a g e m e n t , h e l p s a n d

s u g g e s t i o n h a v e b e e n o f t h e g r e a t h e l p t o h e r i n

a c c o m p l i s h i n g t h i s t h e s i s .

3 . Drs.

I .

H a r j a n t o M,Pd

,

h e r s e c o n d t h e s i s w r i t i n g

a d v i s o r , f o r h i s v a l u a b l e a d v i c e , s p i r i t ,

g u i d a n c e , a n d c o n s t r u c t i v e c o m m e n t s .

4 . T h e h e a d m a s t e r o f SMAK PIRNGADI SURABAYA, D r s . A d i

S i s w o j o , who h a s g i v e n h e r t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o

a d m i n i s t e r some t e s t s t o t h e s t u d e n t s .

5 . D r s . P a n d o y o Darmo, t h e E n g l i s h t e a c h e r o f SMAK

PIRNGADI f o r t h e t h i r d y e a r s t u d e n t s , who h a s

a l l o w e d h e r t o a d m i n i s t e r t h e t e s t t o t h e t h i r d

y e a r s t u d e n t s .

6 . A l l t h e t h i r d y e a r s t u d e n t s o f SMAK PIRNGADI

SURABAYA f o r t h e i r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e p r o c e s s o f

o b t a i n i n g t h e d a t a .

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t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d h e l p t o h e r d u r i n g t h e t h e s i s

w r i t i n g .

T h e w r i t e r t h i n k s t h a t w i t h o u t t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d

h e l p , s h e w o u l d h a v e n e v e r b e e n a b l e t o a c c o m p l i s h h e r

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TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET

I

APPROVAL SHEET

I1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER I

-

INTRODUCTION

1 . 1 B a c k g r o u n d o f t h e s t u d y

1 . 2 S t a t e m e n t o f t h e p r o b l e m s

1 . 3 T h e o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e s t u d y

1 . 4 The s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e s t u d y

1 . 5 T h e a s s u m p t i o n

1 . 6 S c o p e & L i m i t a t i o n o f t h e s t u d y

1 . 7 T h e t h e o r e t i c a l f r a m e w o r k

1 . 8 D e f i n i t i o n o f t h e k e y t e r m s

1 . 9 O r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e t h e s i s

CHAPTER I 1 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2 . 1 C o n t r a s t i v e A n a l y s i s

2 . 2 E r r o r A n a l y s i s

2 . 3 I n t e r l a n g u a g e

2 . 4 K i n d s o f s u b j e c t s

CHAPTER 111 - THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 . 1 T h e f o r m o f t h e s t u d y

3 . 2 P o p u l a t i o n a n d s a m p l e s

3 . 3 T h e i n s t r u m e n t o f t h e r e s e a r c h

i i

i i i

i v

v i

v i i i

1 1 6 7 8 9 9

1 U

1 4

1 5

1 6

2 0

3 2

37

4 3 4 3 4 3

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3 . 4 P r o c e d u r e of c o l l e c t i n g t h e d a t a

3.5

Data a n a l y s i s

C H A P T E R IV

-

F I N D I N G S AND INTERPRETATION

4 . 1 T y p e s of e r r o r s

4.2

Interpretation of t h e f i n d i n g s

4.3

T h e possible c a u s e s of t h e e r r o r s

C H A P T E R V

-

CONCLUSION

5 . 1 Summary

5.2 S u g g e s t i o n s

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX I

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ABSTRACT

T h i s s t u d y d e a l s w i t h t h e a n a l y s i s o f s t u d e n t s ' e r r o r s i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e s u b j e c t o f t h e s e n t e n c e s . D u r i n g h e r t e a c h i n g p r a c t i s e a t SMAK PIRNGADI, t h e w r i t e r f o u n d o u t t h a t t h e t h i r d y e a r s t u d e n t s s t i l l g o t d i f f i c u l t i e s i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e s u b j e c t s o f t h e E n g l i s h s e n t e n c e s . T h e w r i t e r g o t i n t e r e s t e d i n m a k i n g a s t u d y t o f i . n d o u t t h e t y p e s o f E n g l i s h s u b j e c t m o s t o f t h e s t u d e n t s o f SMAK PIRNGADI f i n d h a r d t o l e a r n .

I n t h i s s t u d y , t h e w r i t e r u s e d t h e t h e o r y o f C o n t r a - s t i v e A n a l y s i s w h i c h h a s t h e c o n c e p t s t h a t e r r o r s a r e c a u s e d b y t h e i n t e r f e r e n c e o f t h e l e a r n e r s ' NL; t h e t h e o r y o f e r r o r A n a l y s i s w h i c h s t a t e s t h a t m o s t e r r o r s L2 l e a r n - e r s make i n d i c a t e t h e y a r e g r a d u a l l y b u i l d i n g a n

L 2

r u l e s y s t e m ; t h e t h e o r y o f I n t e r l a n g u a g e w h i c h r e f e r s t o t h e s t r u c t u r e s y s t e m t h e l e a r n e r c o n s t r u c t s a t a n y g i v e n s t a g e i n h i s d e v e l o p m e n t ; t h e t h e o r y o f t h e k i n d s o f s u b j e c t s o f E n g l i s h s e n t e n c e s u s e d t o d e v e l o p a n d a n a l y z e t h e t e s t

items.

I n c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e i n s t r u m e n t s o f t h i s r e s e a r c h , t h e w r i t e r made a n o b j e c t i v e t e s t c o n s i s t i n g o f 8 0 i t e m s w h i c h was t r i e d o u t a n d p r o v e d t o b e v a l i d a n d r e l i a b l e . T h e n t h e w r i t e r u s e d t h e s a m e t e s t a s t h e r e s e a r c h t e s t . T h e d a t a o b t a i n e d i . e t h e e r r o r s made b y t h e s t u d e n t s w e r e c l a s s i f i e d i n t o e i g h t t y p e s : e r r o r s o f n o u n s , e r r o r s o f a d j e c t i v e s , e r r o r s o f a d v e r b s , e r r o r s o f g e r u n d s , e r r o r s o f i n f i n i t i v e s , e r r o r s o f p h r a s e s , e r r o r s o f c l a u s e s , e r r o r s o f p a s s i v e v e r b a l s . E a c h t y p e o f t h e e r r o r s was

c o u n t e d i n number a n d i n t h e p e r c e n t a g e . T h e w r i t e r p u t t h e e r r o r s i n a r a n k f r o m t h e h i g h e s t t o t h e l o w e s t o c c u r - a n c e s .

T h e w r i t e r f o u n d o u t t h a t t h e e r r o r t y p e s w i t h t h e h i g h e s t n u m b e r is e r r o r s o f c l a u s e s ( 2 7 , 9 1 % ) , t h e s e c o n d n u m b e r i s e r r o r s o f p a s s i v e v e r b a l s ( 2 7 % ) , t h e t h i r d n u m b e r i s e r r o r s o f p h r a s e s ( 2 2 , 6 3 % ) , t h e f o u r t h n u m b e r is e r r o r s o f g e r u n d s ( 1 7 , 9 2 % ) , t h e f i f t h n u m b e r i s e r r o r s o f i n f i n i t i v e s ( 1 7 , 6 8 % ) , t h e s i x t h n u m b e r i s e r r o r s o f a d - v e r b s ( 1 5 , 6 % ) , t h e s e v e n t h n u m b e r is e r r o r s o f n o u n s

(6,4%), t h e l a s t n u m b e r is e r r o r s o f a d j e c t i v e s ( 6 , 1 8 % ) .

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t h e s u b j e c t o f t h e s e n t e n c e s . T h e y d o n o t know t h a t s u b - j e c t s o f s e n t e n c e s c a n d e r i v e f r o m v e r b s , a d j e c t i v e s , o r a d v e r b s .

A t l a s t t h e w r i t e r o f t h i s s t u d y c o n c l u d e s t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s s t i l l g o t d i f f i c u l t i e s i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e com- p l e t e s u b j e c t o f t h e s e n t e n c e s ; t h e r e f o r e t h e w r i t e r h o p e s t h a t t h i s s t u d y c a n b e u s e d b y t h e E n g l i s h t e a c h e r s o f