3.Panel6 Estro Dariatno The Analysis of Funds Efficiency on Tuberculosis High Burden Countries

(1)

THE ANALYSIS OF FUNDS

EFFICIENCY

ON TUBERCULOSIS HIGH

BURDEN COUNTRIES

ESTRO DARIATNO SIHALOHO

(2)

TB BURDEN COUNTRIES

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

1

WHO in TB Global Report show that there are 22 countries become

TB Burden Countries. But this paper just review 19 countries . There

are :

Afganista

n

Cambodi a

Ethiopia Kenya Nigeria Thailan d

Zimbab we

Banglades

h China India Mozambique Pakistan Tanzania Brazil Congo Indonesia Myanmar Philippin

es Viet Nam

Total Asia :

11 Countries

Total Africa :

7 Countries

Total America :

1 Countries

From 19 TB

Burden Countries

(3)

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

1

2

TB BURDEN COUNTRIES

Rank Country Number of Prevalent 1 India 2500000 2 Indonesia 1600000 3 China 1200000 4 Bangladesh 640000 5 Pakistan 630000 6 Nigeria 590000 7 Philippines 410000 8 Tanzania 270000 9 Myanmar 240000 10 Ethiopia 190000 11 Viet Nam 180000 12 Thailand 160000 13 Mozambique 150000 14 Kenya 120000 15 Afghanistan 110000 16 Brazil 110000 17 Cambodia 100000 18 Zimbabwe 44000 19 Congo 21000

Rank Country _{of death}Number 1 India 220000 2 Nigeria 170000 3 Indonesia 100000 4 Bangladesh 81000 5 Pakistan 48000 6 China 38000 7 Ethiopia 32000 8 Tanzania 30000 9 Myanmar 28000 10 Mozambique 18000 11 Viet Nam 17000 12 Afghanistan 14000 13 Philippines 10000 14 Kenya 9400 15 Cambodia 8900 16 Thailand 7400 17 Brazil 5300 18 Zimbabwe 2300 19 Congo 2100

Rank Country FundinTotal g 1 China 282 2 India 251 3 Brazil 69.2 4 Nigeria 65 5 Philippines 61 6 Indonesia 55 7 Ethiopia 34.5 8 Pakistan 34 9 Myanmar 23.5 10 Kenya 22.6 11 Bangladesh 21.9 12 Viet Nam 19.6 13 Tanzania 19.1 14 Congo 16.1 15 Thailand 13.8 16 Zimbabwe 13.7 17 Cambodia 11 18 Afghanistan 6.2 19 Mozambique 4.3

Source : Global

(4)

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

1

2

TB BURDEN COUNTRIES

3

No Country _{Smear Lab}Number of 1 India 13583 2 Indonesia 5689 3 Brazil 3382 4 Ethiopia 2972 5 China 2952 6 Philippines 2561 7 Kenya 1920 8 Nigeria 1765 9 Congo 1604 10 Pakistan 1483 11 Bangladesh 1104 12 Zimbabwe 989 13 Tanzania 945 14 Thailand 908 15 Afghanistan 720 16 Myanmar 492 17 Mozambique 336 18 Viet Nam 325 19 Cambodia 215

No Country

Number Smear Lab/100.000

Population 1 Kenya 4.3

2 Ethiopia 3.1

3 Philippines 2.6

4 Afghanistan

2.3

5 Indonesia 2.2

6 Tanzania 1.8

7 Brazil 1.6

8 Cambodia 1.4

9 Zimbabwe 1.4

10 Thailand 1.3

11 Mozambique

1.2

12 Viet Nam 1.1

13 India 1

14 Nigeria 1

15 Myanmar 0.9

16 Pakistan 0.8

17 Bangladesh 0.7

18 Congo 0.7

19 China 0.2

(5)

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

1

2

TB BURDEN COUNTRIES

3

Source : Global TB Report

2014

Country Local Funding _{(US$ Million)} Funding (US$ International Million) Afghanistan 0.8 5.4 Bangladesh 2.9 19 Brazil 68 1.2 Cambodia 1.2 9.8 China 271 11 Congo 2.1 14 Ethiopia 6.5 28 India 165 86 Indonesia 17 38 Kenya 13 9.6 Mozambique 0 4.3 Myanmar 5.5 18 Nigeria 12 53 Pakistan 0 34 Philippines 32 29 Thailand 8.6 5.2 Tanzania 8.1 11 Viet Nam 6.6 13 Zimbabwe 0.7 13

Source

of

Fundin

g

(6)

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

1

2

DATA

This research used secondary data

from Global TB Report 2010-2015.

This Research focus on measuring the

TB funds efficiency and analyze

environmental factors that can

increase technical efficiency scores in

19 TB high burden countries. This

study uses the period of 2011-2014

(7)

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

6

METHODS

Data Envelopment

Analysis (DEA)

is one form of

measurement analysis is used to

evaluate the relative efficiency of a

set of decision making unit (DMU) in

managing resources (inputs) to be

the maximum result (output).

INPUT

OUPUT

•

Number of death

decreasing of TB

•

Number of

prevalent

decreasing of TB

•

Number of new

SMEAR laboratory

for efficiency

measurement

•

Domestic funding

•

International

funding

(8)

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

6

7

METHODS

Tobit analysis

is one form of measurement analysis

is used to evaluate the importance of

environmental or non-discretionary

inputs by regressing the output

efficiency scores on a set of possible

explanatory variables

Environmental

Factor

Eff Score

•

Tax of Cigarette

•

Budget of Tobacco

Control

(9)

DEA RESULT

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

DMU Country 2011

1 Afghanistan 1.000000 2 Bangladesh 0.202522 3 Brazil 0.240130 4 Cambodia 0.758476 5 China 1.000000 6 Congo 1.000000 7 Ethiopia 0.884933 8 India 1.000000 9 Indonesia 1.000000 10 Kenya 1.000000 11 Mozambique 0.684028 12 Myanmar 0.150414 13 Nigeria 1.000000 14 Pakistan 0.783960 15 Philippines 1.000000 16 Thailand 1.000000 17 Tanzania 1.000000 18 Viet Nam 0.921031 19 Zimbabwe 1.000000

LOWEST

Source : STATA

11, Global TB

Report 2013 &

2014

(10)

DEA RESULT

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

LOWEST

Source : STATA

11, Global TB

Report 2011 &

2012

(11)

Eff Score

2011-2014

2014

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

Source : STATA 11, Global TB Report 2011-2014

(12)

DEA RESULT

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

DMU Country Average Eff 2011-2014 1 Afghanistan 0.859773 2 Bangladesh 0.551958 3 Brazil 0.466630 4 Cambodia 0.626482 5 China 0.777629 6 Congo 0.839890 7 Ethiopia 0.971233 8 India 1.000000 9 Indonesia 0.745402 10 Kenya 0.808296 11 Mozambique 0.556203 12 Myanmar 0.355889 13 Nigeria 0.573223 14 Pakistan 0.945990 15 Philippines 1.000000 16 Thailand 0.735383 17 Tanzania 0.662842 18 Viet Nam 0.811080 19 Zimbabwe 0.929608

HIGHEST

LOWEST

The efficiency score of India and

Philippines show that the two countries

was more efficient and more optimum

than other burden countries to manage all

(13)

TOBIT RESULT

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

dy/dx

Std. Err.

z

P>|z|

Tax_Cig

0.0032515

0.0085583

0.38

0.708

Tob_Con_B

ud

0.00000001

87

0.0000000

51

0.37

0.718

The cigarettes

tax has a

positive

marginal effect

about

0,0032515 but

not significant

The budget on

tobacco control

has positive

marginal effect

about

0,0000000187

but also not

significant

Source : STATA

11, Global TB

Report 2011 -

2014

(14)

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

DATA AND METHODS

RESULT

CONCLUSION

11

1. DEA process shows that there were

countries not optimal to used the

existing budget to reduce the level of TB

prevalent and TB death rate.

2. This can influenced by very small

allocation from the government

budget. So the burden countries

become

very

dependent

on

International

funding

for

prevention

program,

diagnosis

programs,

and

treatment

programs.

3. Tobit process shows that the

marginal effects of taxes on

cigarettes and budget of tobacco

control is still not significant.

These results indicate that the

government in TB high-burden

countries

have

to

increase

cigarette taxes by a very high

level. This would make the price

of cigarettes would be very

expensive and would affect the

cigarette consumption.