Integrasi Nasional dan Harmoni Sosial (Kebudayaan)
ABSTRAK LAPORAN
HIBAH KOMPETITIF PENELITIAN
SESUAI PRIORITAS NASIONAL
TEMA: 7
(Integrasi Nasional dan Harmoni Sosial)
BENTUK-BENTUK DOMINASI
BARAT
MUTAKHIR DI INDONESIA:
KAJIAN POSKOLONIAL TERHADAP TEXT BOOK UNIVERSITAS,
KARYA SASTRA, DAN PEMIKIRAN
BARAT
Peneliti Utama:
Drs. Iman Santoso, M.Pd
Anggota Peneliti:
Dr. Nurhadi, S.Pd., M.Hum
Dian Swandayani, S.S., M.Hum
Ari Nurhayati, S.S., M.Hum
Dibiayai oleh
Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional,
Sesuai dengan Perjanjian Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Peneitian
Nomor: 540/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VII/2010 tanggal 24 Juli 2010
LEMBAGA PENELITIAN
Intisari Penelitian
BENTUK-BENTUK DOMINASI BARAT MUTAKHIR DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN POSKOLONIAL TERHADAP TEXT BOOK UNIVERSITAS, KARYA SASTRA, DAN PEMIKIRAN BARAT
Oleh
Iman Santoso, Nurhadi, Dian Swandayani, Ari Nurhayati
Tujuan penelitian ini terbagi dalam tiga tahun. Untuk tahun pertama, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk poskolonial pada text book bahasa asing (Barat) untuk universitas di Indonesia pada akhir dasawarsa; (2) mengidentifikasi tanggapan-tanggapan poskolonial pada ulasan buku-buku filsafat Barat dan karya sastra asing (Barat) terjemahan di media cetak Indonesia pada akhir dasawarsa; (3) menyusun pola-pola poskolonialisme budaya Barat di Indonesia pada akhir dasawarsa.
Objek penelitian ini (untuk tahun I) yaitu buku-buku ajar (text book) bahasa asing yang dipergunakan di sejumlah universitas di empat kota sebagai sampel: (1) UNY, Yogyakarta, (2) UNJ, Jakarta, (3) UPI, Bandung, dan (4) Unesa, Surabaya. Text book bahasa asing tersebut terdiri atas: bahasa Inggris, bahasa, Jerman, dan bahasa Perancis. Selain text book, objek penelitian lainnya yaitu artikel-artikel resensi buku (khususnya terhadap buku-buku karya sastra Barat terjemahan dan buku-buku filsafat Barat) yang dimuat di tiga media cetak utama Indonesia: Kompas (surat kabar), Tempo (majalah mingguan), dan Basis (majalah budaya dwibulanan).
Untuk penelitian ini akan dilakukan pendokumentasian dan analisis isi terhadap objek penelitian ini sehingga diperlukan kerjasama dengan redaksi media-media Indonesia yang dijadikan sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data tahun pertama dilakukan dengan: (1) studi dokumentasi (terhadap sejumlah artikel resensi buku sastra Barat dan pemikiran Barat di sejumlah media cetak), (2) pembacaan terhadap text book bahasa asing, buku-buku sastra dan filsafat Barat terjemahan, dan (3) observasi. Teknik analisis datanya yaitu dengan analisis konten, deskriptif kuantitatif, dan deskriptif kualitatif. Validitas datanya dengan validitas semantis sementara reliabilitasnya dengan teknik intrarater dan interater.
Sementara pada harian Kompas, aspek tentang sastra Indonesia yang diterjemahkan dan diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris tidak ditemukan.
Pada majalah budaya dwibulanan Basis tema-tema atau aspek-aspek poskolonial yang muncul yaitu: (1) kisah tentang Timur oleh Barat, (2) reproduksi tentang penjajahan, (3) pembahasan tentang (sastra) poskolonialitas, (4) ulasan karya sastra atau filsuf Barat, (5) persinggungan antara Barat-Timur, (6) Islam di Barat, (7) representasi Barat sebagai bentuk superioritas, (8) kapitalisme global, (9) nasionalisme. Ada sejumlah aspek yang sama dengan temuan pada Tempo dan Kompas. Akan tetapi, juga ada aspek yang berbeda semacam: kapitalisme global dan nasionalisme.
Summary
The Current Forms of Western Domination in Indonesia: A Postcolonial Study of University Textbooks, Literary Works, and Western Thoughts
by
Iman Santoso, Nurhadi, Dian Swandayani, Ari Nurhayati
Summary
The Current Forms of Western Domination in Indonesia: A Postcolonial Study of University Textbooks, Literary Works, and Western Thoughts
This research will be conducted in three years. In the first year, the research aims at (1) identifiying the postcolonial forms in foreign language (western) university textbooks in Indonesia in recent decades; (2) identifiying the book reviewers’ responses written in the postcolonial reviews of the Indonesian translations of western philosophy books and foreign (western) literary works in the printed media of Indonesia in the recent decades; (3) finding the pattern of western cultural postcolonialism in Indonesia in the recent decades.
In the first year, the object of the reseach is foreign language text books used in four universities of four towns: (1) Yogyakarta State University in Yogyakarta, (2) Jakarta State University in Jakarta, (3) Indonesia University of Education in Bandung, and (4) Surabaya State University in Surabaya. The foreign languages of the text books comprise English, German, and French. The second object of the research is the articles of book reviews (in particular of the Indonesian translations of western literature and philosophy) published in three printed media of Indonesia: Kompas (daily newspaper), Tempo (weekly magazine), and Basis (bimonthly magazine of culture).
This research employed data collection and content analysis of the object. Therefore, cooperation with the editorial staffs of the printed media as the samples of this research was done. The data collection tecnique was employed by (1) collecting several articles (about book reviews of western literature and philosophy) published in the printed media, (2) reading the foreign language textbooks and the Indonesian translations of, western literary works and philosophy, and (3) observation. The technique of data analysis was conducted using content analysis, descriptive-quantitative and descriptive-qualitative methods. This research also employed the semantic validity and the intrarater and interater techniques of reliability.
The research shows three results. Firstly, several postcolonial forms are found in the foreign language text books (German, French, English) used in the universities. Among the nine of postcolonial forms, i.e. superiority of the West, subordination of the East, colonialism, mimicry, hybridity, diaspora, body politics, nationalism, abrogation/apropriation, the body politics is the smallest in number.
literary works that are translated into English, is not found in the articles of Kompas.
In Basis the postcolonial themes or aspects exist in (1) stories about the East and the West, (2) reproduction of colonialism, (3) reviews of postcolonial literature, (4) reviews of western literary works or philosophers, (5) contact between the East and the West, (6) Islam in the West, (7) representation of the West as the form of superiority, (8) global capitalism, and (9) nationalism. Several aspects found in Basis are also found in Tempo and Kompas. However, there are two aspects that can only be found in Basis, i.e. global capitalism and nationalism.
Thirdly, the postcolonial pattern in the foreign language textbooks (English, French, and German) is so obscure that sometimes it is not easy to recognized for the writers of books as well as the language learners. Conversely, the existance of postcolonial forms in the media, particularly in the reviews, is so obvious that it is easy for the reviewers to recognize.
