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PERINGATAN: BACA DENGAN TELITI ARAHAN PADA MUKA SURAT HADAPAN.
1. Select the correct phrase that refers to pharmacology. A. The study of drug action.
B. The application of medicine. C. The preparation of medication.
D. The ethics in medication administration.
Pilih frasa yang betul merujuk kepada farmakologi. A. Kajian tentang tindakbalas ubat.
B. Aplikasi perubatan. C. Penyediaan medikasi. D. Etika pemberian medikasi.
2. What is the MOST important role of a medication nurse? A. Administer medication via right route.
B. Prepare and administer medication safely. C. Report the expected outcome of medication. D. Check the expiry date of prescribed medication.
Apakah peranan PALING penting bagi seorang jururawat medikasi? A. Memberi medikasi dengan cara yang betul.
B. Menyedia dan memberi medikasi dengan selamat. C. Melapur hasil medikasi yang dijangkakan.
D. Memeriksa tarikh luput medikasi yang dipriskrip.
3. Identify the correct phrase related to pharmacokinetics. A. The movement of drugs within the body.
B. The administration of prescribed drugs.
C. Dose-ranging study for determining the expected effect.
D. The relationship between drug concentration and the resulting effects.
Kenalpasti frasa yang betul berkaitan dengan farmakokinetik. A. Pergerakan ubat di dalam badan.
B. Pemberian ubat yang dipriskrip.
C. Kajian rangkaian-dos bagi menentu kesan yang diinginkan. D. Perhubungan di antara konsentrasi ubat dan kesan yang timbul.
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4. Which statement describes pharmacodynamics?
A. Route of administration. The power of its competitors
B. Dose and therapeutic index. The influence of potential clients
C. Movement of drug in the body. Barriers to entry into a new market
D. Drug reaching the targeted cells. Viable threat that clients can substitute the service
Pernyataan manakah menerangkan maksud farmakodinamik? A. Cara pemberian ubat.
B. Dos dan indeks terapeutik. C. Pergerakan ubat di dalam badan. D. Jangkauan ubat ke sel yang disasar.
5. Which is the correct sequence of phases for drugs administered via oral route? A. Pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic.
B. Pharmacogenomic, pharmacosystemic, pharmaceutic. C. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacologic. D. Pharmacologic, pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacodynamic.
Manakah turutan fasa yang tepat bagi ubat yang diberi melalui oral?
A. Pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic.
B. Pharmacogenomic, pharmacosystemic, pharmaceutic.
C. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacologic.
D. Pharmacologic, pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacodynamic.
6. What is the next route after intravenous that provides quickest effect of drug? A. Rectal.
B. Endotracheal. C. Intramuscular. D. Subcutaneous.
Apakah kaedah pemberian ubat seterusnya selepas intravena yang memberi kesan ubat paling pantas?
A. Rectal.
B. Endotracheal.
C. Intramuscular.
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A. Diuretic – increases blood volume.
B. Vasodilator - constricts peripheral blood vessel.
C. Calcium channel blocker – blocks heart calcium channel.
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor – blocks enzyme activity.
Pilih klasifikasi ubat dan tindakannya yang tepat.
A. Diuretic – meningkatkan isipadu darah.
B. Vasodilator - mengecilkan salur darah periferi.
C. Calcium channel blocker – menyekat heart calcium channel.
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor– menyekat aktiviti enzim.
8. What is the classification of drug that is based on the way the drug reacts on the body?
A. Therapeutic classification. B. Pharmaceutical classification.
C. Pharmacokinetic classification. D. Pharmacological classification.
Apakah klasifikasi ubat yang berdasarkan cara tindak balas ubat terhadap tubuh seseorang?
A. Klasifikasi terapeutik. B. Klasifikasi farmaseutikal.
C. Klasifikasi farmakokinetik. D. Klasifikasi farmakologikal.
9. Identify over the counter drugs (OTC) that can be purchased. A. Insulin.
B. Pastilles. C. Diuretics. D. Antibiotics.
Kenalpasti ubat over the counter(OTC) yang boleh dibeli. A. Insulin.
B. Pastilles.
C. Diuretik. D. Antibiotik.
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10. Which is the preferred method to avoid medication error? A. Double checking with another registered nurse. B. Calculate the dose accurately using a calculator.
C. Ask the colleague to counter sign the prescription form. D. Keep the medication trolley keys in the pocket at all times.
Cara manakah menjadi pilihan untuk mengelak kesilapan medikasi?
A. Double checking dengan jururawat berdaftar yang lain.
B. Kira dos dengan tepat dengan menggunakan mesin pengira. C. Minta rakan setugas untuk counter sign borang preskripsi. D. Simpan kunci troli ubat di dalam poket setiap masa.
11. Which condition should Beta blockers be avoided? A. Angina.
B. Hypertension. C. Bronchial asthma. D. Myocardial infarction.
Keadaan manakah Beta blockers perlu dielakkan?
A. Angina.
B. Hypertension.
C. Bronchial asthma.
D. Myocardial infarction.
12. What is the most important aspect for the nurse to consider while administering dopamine?
A. Its action varies according to the dose. B. It may be used besides fluid replacement.
C. Its lowest dose to produce the desired effect should be used. D. It cannot be directly mixed in solutions containing aminophylline.
Apakah aspek yang paling penting bagi jururawat pertimbangkan semasa memberi dopamine? A. Tindakannya berbeza mengikut dos.
B. Ia boleh digunakan selain daripada penggantian cecair.
C. Dos terendah perlu digunakan untuk menghasilkan kesan yang diingini.
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13. Which is a contraindication for digoxin? A. Heart rate above 80/min.
B. Heart rate below 60/min. C. Respiratory rate above 30/min. D. Respiratory rate below 20/min.
Manakah kontraindikasi bagi digoxin? A. Kadar jantung melebihi 80/min. B. Kadar jantung di bawah 60/min.
C. Kadar pernafasan melebihi 30/min. D. Kadar pernafasan di bawah 20/min.
14. Which patient is at greatest risk for digital toxicity? A. A 60-year-old patient after myocardial infarction. B. A 50-year-old patient with coronary heart disease.
C. A 25-year-old patient with congenital heart disease. D. An 80-year-old patient with congestive heart failure.
Manakah pesakit yang mempunyai risiko paling tinggi bagi toksisiti digital? A. Pesakit berusia 60 tahun selepas infarksi miokardium.
B. Pesakit berusia 50 tahun dengan penyakit jantung koronari. C. Pesakit berusia 25 tahun dengan penyakit jantung kongenital. D. Pesakit berusia 80 tahun dengan kegagalan jantung kongestif.
15. Which is the MOST appropriate action for the nurse to take before administering digoxin?
A. Measure urinary output. B. Assess blood pressure.
C. Monitor potassium level. D. Avoid giving thiazide diuretic.
Manakah tindakan PALING sesuai untuk jururawat ambil sebelum pemberian digoxin? A. Mengukur pengeluaran kencing.
B. Menilai tekanan darah. C. Memantautahap kalium.
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16. An early trimester primigravida visited clinic for her first antenatal checkup. She was given explanation of her health status and follow-up schedule.
Which statement indicates that she has knowledge deficit? A. “Iron tablet that I took will improve my hemoglobin”. B. “I don’t need to take iron tablet until later in pregnancy”.
C. “I should not take any medication without first consulting my nurse”. D. “I will stop all medication which can harm my pregnancy and my baby”.
Seorang primigravida di awal trimester melawat klinik untuk pemeriksaan antenatal pertama. Beliau telah diberikan penerangan mengenai status kesihatannya dan jadual susulan.
Pernyataan manakah menunjukkan beliau mempunyai defisit pengetahuan? A. "Tablet zat besi yang saya ambil akan meningkatkan hemoglobin saya". B. "Saya tidak perlu mengambil tablet zat besisehingga lewat kehamilan".
C. "Saya tidak akan mengambil sebarang ubat tanpa terlebih dahulu berunding dengan jururawat saya”.
D. "Saya akan menghentikan semua ubatan yang boleh membahayakan kehamilan dan bayi saya”.
17. Why the elderly does require a lot of adjustment when taking medication? A. Poor absorption.
B. Poor metabolism.
C. The physiological changes of aging.
D. Altered functions of most of body systems.
Mengapakah warga emas memerlukan banyak penyesuaian apabila mengambil ubat? A. Penyerapan yang lemah.
B. Metabolisme yang lemah. C. Perubahan fisiologi penuaan.
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18. Which is the correct statement for an epileptic pregnant woman? A. She can take over the counter medications.
B. She can take any medications for her pregnancy. C. She is advised to continue with her epileptic drug.
D. She should not take any medication except that is prescribed.
Manakah pernyataan yang betul untuk wanita hamil yang menghidap epilepsi? A. Beliau boleh mengambil ubat over the counter.
B. Beliau boleh mengambil sebarang ubat untuk kehamilannya. C. Beliau dinasihati untuk terus mengambil ubat epilepsinya.
D. Beliau tidak boleh mengambil sebarang ubat kecuali yang dipriskrip.
19. Which medication is given through the correct route? A. Oral warfarin.
B. Parenteral heprin. C. Parenteral Plavix D. Oral antithrombin.
Manakah ubat yang diberikan dengan cara yang betul ?
A. Oral warfarin
B. Parenteral heprin..
C. Parenteral Plavix
D. Oral antithrombin.
20. Nurse A is ordered by the physician to administer a medication that she knows the patient is allergic to.
What is the nurse best response?
A. Agree to give the medication as prescribed.
B. Suggest to the physician to prescribe antihistamine. C. Inform patient that the medication will cause no harm.
D. Alert the physician that the patient is allergic to the medication.
Jururawat A diarahkan oleh doktor untuk memberi ubat yang beliau ketahui pesakit alah terhadap ubat tersebut.
Apakah respons terbaik jururawat A?
A. Bersetuju untuk memberi ubat yang dipriskrip.
B. Cadangkan kepada doktor untuk priskrip antihistamine. C. Beritahu pesakit yang ubat tersebut tidak memudaratkan. D. Ingatkan doktor bahawa pesakit alah terhadap ubat tersebut.
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21. What is the FIRST step the nurse should take to ensure that the right medication is being given to a right patient?
A. Check the drug expiration date.
B. Check the patient’s identification band. C. Check the order with the medication cardex.
D. Read the information on directions of correct drug administration.
Apakah langkah PERTAMA jururawat perlu ambil untuk memastikan ubatan yang betul diberikan kepada pesakit yang betul?
A. Periksa tarikh luput ubat.
B. Periksa gelang identifikasi pesakit.
C. Periksa arahan pemberian dengan kardeks pengubatan. D. Baca maklumat arahan pemberian ubat yang betul.
22. Nurse B prepares a liquid medication and then finds that the patient no longer needs the medication.
What is the MOST appropriate nursing action? A. Pour the medication back into the container. B. Charge for the dose because it must be paid for.
C. To keep the count correct, record that the dose was taken.
D. Record the medication as “not taken’ and discard the prepared dose.
Jururawat B menyediakan ubatan cecair, dan kemudian mendapati pesakit tidak lagi memerlukan ubat tersebut.
Apakah tindakan kejururawatan yang PALING sesuai? A. Tuang kembali ubatan tersebut ke dalam bekas. B. Caj bagi dos ubat tersebut kerana ia perlu dibayar.
C. Bagi memastikan kiraan betul, rekodkan dos yang telah diambil.
D. Rekodkan ubatan tersebut sebagai ’tidak diambil’ dan buangkan dos yang telah disediakan.
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23. Vimala, a registered nurse from India, is currently working in a Malaysian hospital. She is unfamiliar with the Malaysian pharmaceutical policy.
Where can she get the best source? A. The Ward Manual.
B. Ministry of Health Guidelines. C. Health Education Department.
D. Local / Community Health Department.
Vimala, jururawat berdaftar dari India, sedang bertugas di sebuah hospital Malaysia. Beliau kurang arif tentang polisi farmaseutikal Malaysia.
Di manakah beliau boleh mendapatkan sumber terbaik? A. Manual Wad.
B. Garis Panduan Kementerian Kesihatan. C. Jabatan Pendidikan Kesihatan.
D. Jabatan Kesihatan Tempatan / Komuniti.
24. What is the priority in observation when a nurse administers diuretic medication to a patient?
A. Weight. B. Edema.
C. Urine output. D. Blood pressure.
Apakah pemerhatian utama apabila jururawat memberi pengubatan diuretik kepada pesakit?
A. Berat badan. B. Edema.
C. Keluaran urin. D. Tekanan darah.
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25. While discussing her treatment for hypertension, a patient asked the nurse how long she would have to be on hypertensive medications.
Select the appropriate response by the nurse.
A. The nurse cannot discuss the medications with the patient; the patient will need to talk to the doctor.
B. To maintain a stable control of her BP, the patient will have to take the medications indefinitely.
C. As soon as her BP returns to normal levels, the patient will be able to stop taking her medications.
D. The patient will be scheduled for an appointment in 2 months; the doctor will decrease her medications at that time.
Semasa berbincang tentang rawatan hipertensi, seorang pesakit bertanya jururawat berapa lamakah beliau perlu mengambil ubatan hipertensi.
Pilih respons yang sesuai daripada jururawat.
A. Jururawat tidak boleh berbincang tentang ubatan dengan pesakit; pesakit perlu berbincang dengan doktor.
B. Untuk mengekalkan kawalan dan bacaan tekanan darah stabil; pesakit perlu mengambil ubatan buat selamanya.
C. Sebaik sahaja tekanan darahnya kembali ke tahap normal, beliau pesakit boleh berhenti mengambil ubatan.
D. Pesakit akan dijadualkan untuk sesi temujanji dalam masa 2 bulan; doktor akan mengurangkan ubatan beliau pada masa itu.
26. What is the required plasma concentration for patients prescribed with theophylline in order to achieve satisfactory bronchodilation and prevent toxicity?
A. 5-10mg/L B. 10-20mg/L
C. 20-30mg/L D. 30-40mg/L
Apakah kepekatan plasma yang diperlukan untuk pesakit yang dipriskrip theophylline bagi mencapai bronkodilatasi yang memuaskan serta mengelak toksisiti?
A. 5-10mg/L B. 10-20mg/L
C. 20-30mg/L D. 30-40mg/L
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27. Which are the effects of the long-term use of high dose inhaled corticosteroids?
A. Cushing syndrome, peptic ulcer and cataract. Exploring the alternatives
B. Cushing syndrome, peptic ulcer and glaucoma. Implementing the decision
C. Cushing syndrome, pancreas ulcer and cataract. Choosing the most desirable alternatives
D. Cushing syndrome, pancreas ulcer and glaucoma. Identifying the problem and analyzing the situation
Manakah kesan penggunaan jangka panjang inhalasi dos tinggi kortikosteroid?
A. Cushing syndrome, peptic ulcer and cataract. Mencari alternatif
B. Cushing syndrome, peptic ulcer and glaucoma. Melaksana keputusan
C. Cushing syndrome, pancreas ulcer and cataract. Memilih alternatif yang terbaik
D. Cushing syndrome, pancreas ulcer and glaucoma. Mengenalpasti masalah dan menganalisa situasi
28. Antibiotics should be given to Acute Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) patients with at least two out of three cardinal symptoms.
What are the three cardinal symptoms?
A. Purulent sputum, increased sputum volume and increased dyspnea.
B. Excessive use of accessory muscles, purulent sputum and increased dyspnea. C. Purulent sputum, increased used of accessory muscles and increased dyspnea. D. Excessive use of accessory muscles, increased sputum and increased dyspnea.
Antibiotik seharusnya diberikan kepada pesakit dengan Acute Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD)dengan sekurang-kurangnya dua daripada tiga tanda kardinal.
Apakah tiga tanda kardinal tersebut?
A. Sputum yang purulen, volum sputum meningkat dan dipsnea meningkat. B. Penggunaan otot aksesori yang berlebihan, sputum yang purulen dan dipsnea
meningkat.
C. Sputum yang purulen, penggunaan otot asesori yang berlebihan dan dipsnea meningkat.
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29. What are the actions of β2 agonists for asthma management?
A. Cause in release of eosinophils and secretions production in the airways. B. Inhibit the release of substances from mast cells that result in bronchospasm.
C. Stimulate β2 receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways and produce bronchodilation.
D. Stabilize the leucocytes to prevent the release of inflammatory mediators and histamines.
Apakah tindakan β2 agonists dalam pengurusan asma?
A. Menyebabkan pelepasan eosinofil dan penghasilan sekresi dalam salur udara. B. Merencat pelepasan bahan daripada sel mast yang menyebabkan bronkospasma.
C. Meransang reseptor β2 pada otot licin pada salur udara dan menyebabkan
bronkodilatasi.
D. Menstabil leukosit untuk mencegah pelepasan meditor inflamatori dan histamine.
30. Nurse C is observing a patient using metered dose inhaler (MDI).
Which action demonstrated by the patient indicates Nurse C needs to improve his technique of using MDI?
A. Shakes the inhaler before use. B. Activates the MDI on inspiration.
C. Waits for 30 seconds between puffs.
D. Holds his breath for 10 seconds after inhalation.
Jururawat C sedang memerhati seorang pesakit mengguna metered dose inhaler(MDI). Manakah perbuatan yang ditunjukkan oleh pesakit menandakan Jururawat C perlu menambahbaik teknik beliau mengguna MDI ?
A. Menggoncang inhaler sebelum diguna. B. Mengaktifkan MDI semasa inspirasi.
C. Menunggu 30 saat di antara sedutan.
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A. Tidal volume of the lungs increases by 10% in early pregnancy.
B. Increase of tidal volume will cause pulmonary constriction during pregnancy. C. Mechanical pressure of the growing fetus will cause changes in renal system. D. Estrogen will decrease the gastric tone and prolongs the duration of stomach
emptying.
Pernyataan manakah menerangkan penyerapan ubatan respiratori semasa kehamilan?
A. Tidal volume paru-paru meningkat sebanyak 10% di awal kehamilan.
B. Peningkatan tidal volume akan menyebabkan konstriksi pulmonari semasa kehamilan. C. Tekanan mekanikal daripada pertumbuhan janin akan menyebabkan perubahan dalam
sistem ginjal.
D. Estrogen akan mengurangkan tonus gastrik dan memanjangkan tempoh pengosongan perut.
32. Which statement shows changes of drugs distribution in elderly adults? A. Increased cardiac output.
B. Increased lean body mass. C. Decreased serum billirubin. D. Decreased total body water.
Pernyataan manakah menunjukkan perubahan pengedaran ubatan di kalangan dewasa tua?
A. Peningkatan keluaran jantung. B. Peningkatan lean body mass.
C. Penurunan serum billirubin. D. Penurunan jumlah air badan.
33. Which statement explains the Somogyi effect? A. Decrease the dietary intake at bedtime. B. The treatment is to lower the insulin dosage.
C. Blood glucose levels are lowest in the early morning.
D. Precipitate factors are usually hyperglycemic events after midnight.
Pernyataan manakah menerangkan kesan Somogyi? A. Mengurangkan pengambilan pemakanan sebelum tidur. B. Rawatan adalah untuk mengurangkan dos insulin.
C. Paras glukosa darah adalah paling rendah di awal pagi.
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34. Which extrapyramidal symptoms should you alert a patient who is on prokinetic agents?
A. Palpitation, convulsion, fever, protrusion and rolling of the tongue.
B. Bradykinesia, convulsion, tremors at rest, protrusion and rolling of the tongue. C. Bradykinesia, facial grimacing, tremors at rest, protrusion and rolling of the
tongue.
D. Palpitation, facial grimacing, uncontrolled laugh, protrusion and rolling of the tongue.
Manakah simptom extrapyramidal yang anda harus menyedarkan pesakit yang mengambil agen prokinetik?
A. Palpitation, convulsion, fever, protrusion and rolling of the tongue.
B. Bradykinesia, convulsion, tremors at rest, protrusion and rolling of the tongue.
C. Bradykinesia, facial grimacing, tremors at rest, protrusion and rolling of the tongue.
D. Palpitation, facial grimacing, uncontrolled laugh, protrusion and rolling of the tongue.
35. Ms. L who is on chemotherapy has a history of cardiac disease and at risk for cardiac complications.
Why is she at risk of developing cardiac complications? A. Increased sodium level.
B. Decreased hematocrit level. C. Reduced white blood cells count. D. Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
Cik L sedang menjalani rawatan kemoterapi mempunyai sejarah penyakit jantung dan berisiko mengalami komplikasi kardiak?
Mengapakah beliau menghadapi risiko komplikasi kardiak? A. Peningkatan paras sodium.
B. Penurunan paras hematokrit.
C. Kekurangan bilangan sel darah putih. D. Kekurangan kapasiti pembawa oksigen.
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36. Which actions of epinephrine are in effect when used for cardiac arrest? A. Increase heart rate and bronchoconstriction.
B. Increase heart rate, contractility and conduction. C. Increase vasodilation and myocardial contractility. D. Increase speed of conduction and gluconeogenesis.
Manakah tindakan epinehprine yang memberi kesan bila diguna untuk serangan jantung? A. Meningkatkan kadar jantung dan bronkokonstriksi.
B. Meningkatkan kadar jantung, kontraktiliti dan konduksi. C. Meningkatkan vasodilatasi dan kontraktiliti miokardial. D. Meningkatkan kelajuan konduksi dan glukoneogenesis.
37. Identify the group for Mebendazole. A. Antiviral.
B. Antifungal. C. Antiprotozoal. D. Antihelminthic.
Kenalpasti kumpulan Mebendazole. A. Antiviral.
B. Antifungal.
C. Antiprotozoal.
D. Antihelminthic.
38. Mr. K, undergoing chemotherapy has the following blood results – white blood cells (WBC) 5000/mm3 and platelet 10,000/mm3.
What risk he is exposed to? A. Angina.
B. Infection. C. Bleeding. D. Thrombosis.
En. K sedang menjalani kemoterapi mempunyai keputusan darah seperti berikut - white
blood cells (WBC) 5000/mm3 dan platelet 10,000/mm3.
Apakah risiko yang terdedah ke atas beliau? A. Angina.
B. Infeksi. C. Perdarahan. D. Trombosis.
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39. Select the therapy in which there is administration of chemotherapy drugs prior to surgery or radiation for the purpose of shrinking and reducing tumour burden. A. Adjuvant.
B. Induction. C. Neoadjuvant. D. Intensification.
Pilih satu terapi di mana ubat kemoterapi diberi sebelum surgeri atau radiasi bagi mengecutkan dan mengurangkan bebanan tumor.
A. Adjuvant.
B. Induction.
C. Neoadjuvant
D. Intensification.
40. Which of the following contributes to the debilitation of an individual during a course of chemotherapy?
A. Pain. B. Diarrhea.
C. Alopecia. D. Constipation.
Manakah di antara berikut menyumbang kepada kelesuan seseorang individu semasa menjalani kemoterapi?
A. Kesakitan. B. Diarea.
C. Alopecia.
D. Sembelit.
