Fig. 27. Paraplectus pedunculatus (Hofmanner). Note the striated cuticle, the long and narrow mouth capsule, the strongly marked amphid, and the thickening of the cuticle anteri- orly. AfterFilipjev, 1929.
Fig.28. Dermatolaimussteineri Filipjev. Note the anterior thicken- ing of the cuticle, more or less wide attachment of the esophagustoit,andtheamphid, whichisround witha pos- teriorprolongation. AfterFilipjev, 1922.
Fig.29. Aphanolaimusattentus de Man. Note the peculiaramphids.
AfterdeMan,1884.
Fig. 30. Aphanolaimus attentus de Man, side view. After de Man, 1884.
Fig. 31. Cyatholaimus deniani Filipjev, showing the en face view of the head. Notethe 12-fold vestibulumand the dorsal on- chium inthemouthcapsule. After deMan, 1889b.
Fig.32. Cyatholaimus demani Filipjev, side view. Note the 6labial papillae, 10 cephalic setae,the folds of the vestibulum, the onchium,the spiralamphid, the points ofthe cuticle, and the eye,and compare with the preceding figure. Afterde Man,1889b.
Pl. 3, Fig. 33. Halichoanolaimtisfilicauda Filipjev, lateral viewof the head.
Notethe two chambersof themouthcapsule,andtheam- phids andcuticle likethoseof Cyatholaimus. After Filip- jev,1918.
Fig.34. Halichoanolaimiis filicauda Filipjev, viewenface. Notethe truelipswiththelabialpapillae. AfterFilipjev, 1918.
Fig.35. Halichoanolaimus filicauda Filipjev, showing at a deeper focus the 12 rods of the anterior part of the mouth cap- sule,the 3 spines andthe comblikeapparatusmarking the boundaryofitstwoparts. AfterFilipjev,1918.
Fig.36. Cheironchus bulbosus (Filipjev). Note the two high lips, withhuge labial papillae, the spiralamphids, and the two powerfuljaws. AfterFilipjev, 1918.
Fig.37. Cheironchus hulbosus (Filipjev), ventralview. AfterFilip- jev, 1918.
Fig.38. Cheironchusbulbosus (Filipjev),viewenface. Notethetwo jaws, the dorsal rudimentarylip,andthe disposition of the papillaeandcephalicsetae. AfterFilipjev, 1918.
Fig.39. Synonchium obtusum Cobb, a nematode with three jaws likeEnoplus. Thecuticleand amphidsarelikethoseinthe Cyatholaiminae andthe othergenera of the Choanolaimi- nae. AfterCobb, 1920.
Fig. 40. Synonchiumobttisum Cobb,showingthemouthopen andthe lipsprotruded. AfterCobb,1920.
Pl.4,Fig. 41. Richtersia collariaSteiner. Notethe characteristic shortand thickbodyform,andthelongitudinalstriationproduced by rowsof minute cuticular spines; the powerful esophagus, spiral amphids and pointed cuticle leads to acomparison withthe Cyatholaiminae. AfterSteiner, 1916.
NO.6 CLASSIFICATION OF
NEMATODES
FILIPJEV 6l Fig. 42. Odontonemaguido-schneideriFilipjev,a representative of the Chromadorinae, with aUttle spiralamphidplaced far for- ward;the large tooth of themouthcapsuleischaracteristic for a fewgenera. Notethe anterior cephaliccirclerepre- sentedbypapillae. AfterFilipjev, 1929.Fig. 43. Prochromadorella viridis (Linstow), withthe amphid spiral flattened to form a transverse slit; this genus and some othergeneraof the Chromadorinae havethree teethinthe buccal capsule. AfterFilipjev, 1929.
Fig. 44. Metachromadoramacroutera Filipjev; theplain strong rings of the cuticle are characteristicof all the Desmodorinae, but the peculiar striation of the head only for a few of them. AfterFilipjev, 1918.
Fig. 45. Monoposthia mielcki Steiner; the plain rings of the Mono- posthiinaeareinterruptedby rowsof longitudinal crestsor spines; a desmodoroid parallel to Richtersia; note the roundishamphid. AfterSteiner,1916.
Fig. 46. Ceramonemaannidata (Filipjev);thefour longitudinal crests of the cuticle are like those of the Monoposthiinae; the much-reduced mouth structure and the horseshoe-shaped amphid resemble those of the Draconematinae; the huge rings of the cuticle are very distinctive. After Filipjev, 1922.
Fig. 47. Epsilonema (f) cygnoides (Metchnikov). Notethe peculiar form of the bodywith its "neck" andthe adhesive non- tubular setaeinthemiddlepart of the body. AfterSteiner, 1916.
Pl. 5, Fig. 48. Draconcma cephalatum Cobb, amarine nematode of world- widedistribution. Thereisnot only a "neck," but also a
"head";theadhesive setae are tubular (one undera higher magnificationis shown right below), andare disposed in twogroups,ontheheadandinseveral preanalrows (four inthatgenus). After Cobb, 1913.
Order
DESMOSCOLECTATA
Fig. 49. Desmoscolex minutus Claparede. Thehugesecreted cuticular rings arevery prominent;the disposition of theambulatory setaeispeculiartoeach species. AfterFilipjev,1922.
Fig.50. Quadricoma reinhardi Filipjev, a species with 43 secreted rings. AfterFilipjev, 1922.
Order
MONHYSTERATA
Fig.51. Theristus sentiens (Cobb),a general view of the female to
showthe femalegenitaliawiththe straight ovaries charac- teristicof the order, a,the ovarial part of thegonad; bj the oviduct part (a and b are fused together); c, uterus withan egginside; d,vaginalopening; e,the rudimentof the posteriorgonad. AfterCobb,1914.
62
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS
COLLECTIONS VOL.89 Pl.6, Fig. 52. Theristus setosus (Biitschli). One canseethelarge vestibu- lum, the chitinous ring supporting the esophagus, andthe spiralamphids. Note the supportingrods of the vestibu- lum. AfterFilipjev, 1929.Fig. 53. Sphaerolaimiis hirsntiis Bastian. The chitinous ring of the mouth capsule becomes verylarge, giving place to aspa- cious mouthcapsule inside; the rods in the v^ralls of the vestibulum are better developed. Afer deMan,1907.
Fig. 54. ComesomastenocephalumFilipjev. Notethehugespiralam- phid, the six labialand sixcephalicpapillae, andthe four cephalic setae, followed bysubcephalic ones. After Filip- jev,1918.
Fig. 55. Linhonioeiis lepturus de Man. Note the thin cuticle, the feeblydeveloped chitinous ring of themouthcapsule, and the round, thick-walledamphid, orwhat mightbe called a spiraloneinoneturn. AfterdeMan,1907.
Fig.56. Linhomoeuslepturus de Man, showing the spicules strongly curvedand witha doublebackward-pointing gubernaculum
;
thisischaracteristic of allthemembersof the family Lin- homoeidae. AfterdeMan,1907.
Fig.57. Dorylaimopsisperfectus (Cobb), showingthe doublespicules;
thegubernaculumistypical. After Cobb,1920.
Fig.58. Dorylaimopsisperfectus (Cobb), showingasideview. After Cobb, 1920.
Fig. 59. AxonolaimiissetosusFilipjev,showingthehead. Thevestibu- lum and the mouth capsule are strongly developed; both branches of the horseshoe-shaped amphid are closely pressed together. After Filipjev, 1918.
Fig.60. Diplopeltiscirrhatus(Eberth),showingthehorseshoe-shaped amphid surrounded by a strongly chitinized plate. After Filipjev, 1918.
Order
ANGUILLULATA
Pl. 7, Fig. 61. Rhabditis elegans Alaupas. Notetheelongatemouthcapsule, thepreneuralesophagealswelling,andthetruecardiac bulb with the masticatory apparatus. AfterMaupas, 1900.
Fig. 62. Rhabditis elegansMaupas, showingthe spicules andbursa in ventralview. AfterMaupas, 1900.
Fig. 63. Rhabditis elegansMaupas, asideview. AfterMaupas, 1900.
Fig.64. DiplogasterfictorBastian,showinga dorsalviewof the head.
Note the foldsof the lips,the teethof themouthcapsule, andtheamphids. After Cobb, 1914.
Fig. 65. Diplogaster fictor Bastian, showing the esophagus separated intotwopartswiththe preneuralandcardiacbulbs. After Cobb,1914.
Fig. 66. Bunonemaditlevsetii ]\Iicoletzky. The mouthcapsuleandthe esophagusaredistinctlyrhabditoid,the asymmetricalcutic- ularknobs and head appendagesareverydistinctive. After Micoletzky,1925.
NO.6 CLASSIFICATION OF
NEMATODES
FILIPJEV 63 Pl. 8, Fig. 67. Paratylenchns nanus Cobb, a representative of a highly spe- cializedgenusof the Tylenchidae; the triplespear is very large, the preneural bulb is the only one that retains its musculature, the cardiac bulb beingcomposedof glandcells only. After Cobb,1925.Fig. 68. Iota octangulareCobb, anotherhighly specializedformof the same family. Notethehugespearandthescalelike differ- entiation of thecuticle. AfterCobb, 1914.
Fig. 69. Rhabdias sphaerocephala Goodey. Note theremnantsof the preneuralbulb, characteristic of the Anguillulata;inother species of the genus there are no more hintsof it inthe si'ngonic generation, but itis always very clear inthe bi- sexual one. AfterGoodey,1924.
Fig. 70. CylichnostonmniauriculatiimLooss,showingthebursaof the male, characteristic of themalesofallthemembersof the family Strongylidae to which it belongs; it could be ex- plained as a specializationof the bursa of some form of Rhabditis (comparefigs.62and63). AfterLooss,1901.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 89. NO.6. PL.1
Free-Living Nematodes
(Forexplanation, seepa.aes58..59)
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 89, NO.6.PL.2
241:
25
26
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27 .Ol
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31
28 29
30
Free-Living Nematodes
(Forexplanntioii,seepa^es59,GO)
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 89. NO. 6. PL.4
Free-Living Nematodes
(Forexplanation,.•^ec na^cs(Id.(il)
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.89. NO.
Free-Living Nematodes
(Forexplanation, seepageGl)
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 89.NO. 6, PL. 6
Free-Living Nematodes
(l'"()rt'xnlaiiation,.seepage(il!)
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 89. NO. 6.PL.7
Free-Living Nematodes
(Forexplanation, seepase(il'i