inDonESiA WiTH oTHER SDi CounTRiES
indonesia performs above or close to the average compared with other sDi countries, however it was expected to do even better given its much higher GDP per-capita.
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SDi surveys have been undertaken in about 20 countries. Since the launch of the SDi initiative in 2010, SDi and associated surveys have been completed in about 20 countries, mainly in Africa but also in Afghanistan, Guatemala, lao PDR, Pakistan as well as iraq (forthcoming) and others. Table 6.1 presents the value of Service Delivery indicators in several countries that participated in the survey, as well as the SDi average.
indonesia performs somewhat well, or close to the average, compared with the other countries that participated in the SDi surveys.
indonesia has a much higher GDP per-capita than most of the other countries and so would be expected to do even better in comparison.
The teacher absence rate from school is similar to the average level observed in other SDi countries.
However, once at school, teachers for the most part go to class and the classroom absence rate is somewhat lower than average in other SDi countries.
Time spent teaching per day is also just below the SDi average of 3 hours 2 minutes.
Despite its low results, indonesia is still slightly above the SDi average. With a proportion of only 15.6 percent of teachers in indonesian language and mathematics who obtained a combined mark of 80 percent or more (considered as the minimum knowledge threshold), despite these low results, indonesia is still slightly above the SDi average of 14.6 percent.
the average score obtained by teach- ers in overall assessments is below the sDi mean by about 3 percent- age points, and far below the scores
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obtained in Kenya and tanzania, for instance, both of which have much lower GDP per capita.
The observed student-to-teacher ratio is the lowest compared with other SDi countries. Despite shortcomings, especially with respect to the share of students with textbooks and exercise books, input availability in indonesian elementary schools is above the mean of SDi countries and relatively high compared with the average, in particular, regarding the minimum equipment availability and minimum infrastructure.
the observed student-to-teacher ra- tio is the lowest compared with other sDi countries (17 students per teach- er vs 40.4 students per teacher, on average).
Among SDi countries, only Kenya shows a higher combined student learning score than indonesia.
ultimately, the learning outcomes of indonesian Grade 4 students in combined language and mathematics is 15 percentage points above the SDi average, with only Kenya showing a higher combined score. However, this is primarily due to the high scores obtained by students in the indonesian language assessment.
in mathematics, indonesian students
score 5 percentage points below the
sDi average (42.3 vs 47.3 percent,
respectively), with most of the other
sDi countries having much lower
levels of income than indonesia.
TABLe 6.1.
comparison between indonesia and other SDi countries
indonesia
2019 mean SDi mauritania
2017 morocco
2016 madagascar
2016 Kenya
2012 mozambique
*2014 nigeria**
2013 Tanzania
2014 Togo
2013 uganda
2013 Afganistan
2017 Punjab
2019 t e a c h e r k n o w l e D g e a n D a b i l i t y
Minimum knowledge
(% of teachers achieving 80% min in language and math)
15.6 14.6 0.3 3.1 0.1 40.4 0.3 3.7 21.5 1.6 19.5 ... 56+
Test Score
(out of 100 out of language, math and pedagogy) 39.6 43 30.9 44.4 33.2 57.1 26.9 32.9 48.3 35.6 45.3 ... ...
t e a c h e r e f f o r t School absence rate
(% of teachers) 18.7 18.6 13.6 4.4 30.6 14.1 44.8 13.7 14.4 20.5 26 10 14
Classroom absence rate
(% of teachers) 23.5 39.8 27.8 5.5 37.8 42.1 56.2 19.1 46.7 35.8 52.8 15 18
Scheduled teaching time per day 4h35m 5h34m 4h36m 4h37m 5h12m 5h37m 4h17m 4h53m 5h54m 5h29m 7h18m 3h25m ...
Time spent teaching per day 2h56m 3h02m 3h04m 4h09m 3h09m 2h49m 1h41m 3h26m 2h46m 3h29m 3h18m 2h18m ...
availability of inputS observed student-to-
teacher ratio 17 40.4 37 22.7 17.6 35.2 21.4 21.6 43.5 29.7 47.9 43 ...
Share of students with textbooks (% of students) 47 37.1 17.5 87.7 10.3 48 68.1 38.2 25.3 68.5 5 86 ...
Minimum equipment availability (% of schools)
(90% with pencils and notebooks) 71 60.5 36.3 67.5 65 78.8 76.8 54.8 61.4 26.4 80.6 36 ...
Minimum infrastructure availability (% of schools) 55.9 38.1 4.2 48.6 20.2 59.5 29.1 18.5 40.4 22.3 53.7 35 82++
S t u D e n t l e a r n i n g
language and mathematics test score (out of 100) 64.5 49.6 25.9 52.5 50.6 72 20.8 32.2 40.1+* 45.7 48.6 ... ...
language test score
(out of 100) 42.3 47.3 34.4 57 56.8 59 25.1 31.9 58.2 44.6 43.4 ... ...
chapter 6. ComPARing inDoneSiA WiTH oTHeR SDi CounTRieS
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indonesia
2019 mean SDi mauritania
2017 morocco
2016 madagascar
2016 Kenya
2012 mozambique
*2014 nigeria**
2013 Tanzania
2014 Togo
2013 uganda
2013 Afganistan
2017 Punjab
2019 t e a c h e r k n o w l e D g e a n D a b i l i t y
Minimum knowledge
(% of teachers achieving 80% min in language and math)
15.6 14.6 0.3 3.1 0.1 40.4 0.3 3.7 21.5 1.6 19.5 ... 56+
Test Score
(out of 100 out of language, math and pedagogy) 39.6 43 30.9 44.4 33.2 57.1 26.9 32.9 48.3 35.6 45.3 ... ...
t e a c h e r e f f o r t School absence rate
(% of teachers) 18.7 18.6 13.6 4.4 30.6 14.1 44.8 13.7 14.4 20.5 26 10 14
Classroom absence rate
(% of teachers) 23.5 39.8 27.8 5.5 37.8 42.1 56.2 19.1 46.7 35.8 52.8 15 18
Scheduled teaching time per day 4h35m 5h34m 4h36m 4h37m 5h12m 5h37m 4h17m 4h53m 5h54m 5h29m 7h18m 3h25m ...
Time spent teaching per day 2h56m 3h02m 3h04m 4h09m 3h09m 2h49m 1h41m 3h26m 2h46m 3h29m 3h18m 2h18m ...
availability of inputS observed student-to-
teacher ratio 17 40.4 37 22.7 17.6 35.2 21.4 21.6 43.5 29.7 47.9 43 ...
Share of students with textbooks (% of students) 47 37.1 17.5 87.7 10.3 48 68.1 38.2 25.3 68.5 5 86 ...
Minimum equipment availability (% of schools)
(90% with pencils and notebooks) 71 60.5 36.3 67.5 65 78.8 76.8 54.8 61.4 26.4 80.6 36 ...
Minimum infrastructure availability (% of schools) 55.9 38.1 4.2 48.6 20.2 59.5 29.1 18.5 40.4 22.3 53.7 35 82++
S t u D e n t l e a r n i n g
language and mathematics test score (out of 100) 64.5 49.6 25.9 52.5 50.6 72 20.8 32.2 40.1+* 45.7 48.6 ... ...
language test score
(out of 100) 42.3 47.3 34.4 57 56.8 59 25.1 31.9 58.2 44.6 43.4 ... ...
+ Minimum knowledge of teachers in Punjab includes assessments on English, math, or urdu. The assessment was different with the one used in SDi.
++ Minimum infrastructure in Punjab means that the classroom has a blackboard, enough visibility, chairs and desks, pencils, and all students have textbooks and exercise books.
* in Mozambique, only public schools were surveyed.
** values for nigeria are the weighted average of the four states surveyed, namely Anambra, Bauchi, Ekiti, and niger.
note on cross-country comparisons: Students and teachers in SDi countries were sometimes tested in the language they spoke at home, and sometimes in an official or national language that did not match the language spoken at home. This means that the language tests were not equally difficult for all test-takers, and so country scores in language are less comparable than scores in mathematics.