As a form of concern for biodiversity in coastal and marine areas, the Company undertakes mangrove conservation in Kedindingan with 77,000 seedlings and in Building Rights Area (HGB) 65 with 213,567 seedlings. Additionally, artificial reef deployment has been conducted since 2009 to date, equivalent to coral reef rehabilitation covering an area of 10,371 m2 in the Tobok Batang area.
Pemantauan Terumbu Buatan dilakukan oleh Pupuk Kaltim bekerja sama dengan Universitas Mulawarman. Pemantauan yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan keaneka-ragaman karang keras dan keanekaragaman ikan di area penurunan terumbu buatan Pupuk Kaltim di Tobok Batang. Berikut daftar karang keras dan ikan hasil pemantauan tersebut.
Tabel Keanekaragaman Karang di Lokasi Penurunan Terumbu Buatan Pupuk Kaltim Table of Coral Diversity at Pupuk Kaltim’s Artificial Reef Drop Sites
No Genus Karang
Reefes Genuses
Tahun Year
2023 2022 2021
1 Acropora ● ● ●
2 Seriatopora ● ● ●
3 Stylophora ● ● ●
4 Pocillopora ● ● ●
5 Porites ● ● ●
6 Pavona ● ● ●
7 Fungia ● ● ●
8 Heliofungia ● ● ●
9 Millepora ● ● ●
10 Heliopora ● ● ●
11 Favia ● ● ●
12 Favites ● ● ●
13 Montastria ● ● ●
14 Galaxea ● ● ●
15 Lobophyllia ● ● ●
16 Goniastrea ● ● ●
17 Platygyra ● ● ●
18 Alveopora ● ● ●
19 Euphyllia ● ● ●
20 Goniopora ● ● ●
21 Lithophyllon ● ● ●
22 Montipora ● ● ●
23 Plerogyra ● ● ●
24 Physogyra ● ● ●
25 Symphyllia ● ● ●
26 Acanthastrea ● ● ●
27 Cycloseris ● ● ●
28 Echinopora ● ● ●
The monitoring of the Artificial Reefs is conducted by Pupuk Kaltim in collaboration with Mulawarman University. The monitoring includes observations of the diversity of hard corals and fish in the artificial reef deployment area of Pupuk Kaltim in Tobok Batang. Below is the list of hard corals and fish observed.
Tabel Keanekaragaman Karang di Lokasi Penurunan Terumbu Buatan Pupuk Kaltim Table of Coral Diversity at Pupuk Kaltim’s Artificial Reef Drop Sites
No Genus Karang
Reefes Genuses
Tahun Year
2023 2022 2021
30 Lobophyllia ● ● ●
31 Mintopora ● ● ●
32 Comaster ● ● ●
33 Riftia ● ● ●
34 Colpophyllia ● ● ●
35 xestospongia ● ● ●
36 Entacmaea ● ● ●
37 Polycarpa ● ● ●
38 Astreopora ● ● ●
39 Ctenactis ● ● -
40 Chipasterea ● ● -
41 Diploastrea ● ● -
42 Echinophyllia ● ● -
43 Chinopora ● ● -
44 Hitnophora ● ● -
45 Leptoseris ● ● -
46 Merulina ● ● -
47 Mycedium ● ● -
48 Oxypora ● ● -
49 Pachyseris ● ● -
50 Pectinia ● ● -
51 Polyphyllia ● ● -
52 Psudosidrastrea ● ● -
53 Siderastrea ● ● -
54 Cypastrea ● - -
55 Hydnopora ● - -
56 Leptastrea ● - -
57 Leptoria ● - -
58 Podabacia ● - -
59 Psammocora ● - -
Jumlah
Total 59 53 38
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
59
10 15 17 25 28 31 34 37 38 53
Grafik Peningkatan Populasi Genus Karang di Tobok Batang Graph of Increased Population of Coral Genus at Tobok Batang
Tabel Keanekaragaman Ikan di Lokasi Penurunan Terumbu Buatan Pupuk Kaltim Table of Fish Diversity at Pupuk Kaltim’s Artificial Reef Drop Sites
No Familia Ikan
Fish Families
Tahun Year
2023 2022 2021
1 Chaetodonidae ● ● ●
2 Scaridae ● ● ●
3 Acanthuridae ● ● ●
4 Serranidae ● ● ●
5 Siganidae ● ● ●
6 Lutjanidae ● ● ●
7 Caesionidae ● ● ●
8 Nemipteridae ● ● ●
9 Balistidae ● ● ●
10 Labridae ● ● ●
11 Haemulidae ● ● ●
12 Tetraodontidae ● ● ●
13 Pomacinthidae ● ● ●
14 Muraenidae ● ● ●
15 Centriscidae ● ● ●
16 Apogonidae ● ● ●
17 Pomacentridae ● ● ●
18 Cirrhitidae ● ● ●
19 Scorpaenidae ● ● ●
Tabel Keanekaragaman Ikan di Lokasi Penurunan Terumbu Buatan Pupuk Kaltim Table of Fish Diversity at Pupuk Kaltim’s Artificial Reef Drop Sites
No Familia Ikan
Fish Families
Tahun Year
2023 2022 2021
20 Lethrinide ● ● ●
21 Holocentridae ● ● ●
22 Platycephalidae ● ● ●
23 Monacanthidae ● ● ●
24 Penguipedidae ● ● ●
25 Mullidae ● ● ●
26 Plotosidae ● ● ●
27 Synondontidae ● ● ●
28 Zanclidae ● ● ●
29 Blenniidae ● ● ●
30 Ephippidae ● ● ●
31 Aulostomoidea ● ● ●
32 Malacanthidae ● ● ●
33 Dasyatidae ● ● ●
34 Odontodactylidae ● ● ●
35 Ophidiasteridae ● ● ●
36 Oreasteridae ● ● ●
37 Acanthasteridae ● ● ●
38 Sepiidae ● ● ●
39 Gobiidae ● ● ●
40 Tetrodontidae ● ● ●
41 Pomacanthidae ● ● ●
42 Chomitidae ● ● ●
43 Cerambycidae ● ● ●
44 Syngnathidae ● ● -
45 Diodonidae ● ● -
46 Lumbricidae ● ● -
47 Myliobatidae ● ● -
48 Epinephelinae ● ● -
49 Carangidae ● - -
Jumlah
Total 49 48 43
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
49
9 9 14 28 28 32 35 38 43 48
Grafik Peningkatan Status Populasi Familia Ikan di Tobok Batang Graph of Increased Family of Fish at Tobok Batang
Selain itu, sejak akhir tahun 2018, bekerja sama dengan Balai Taman Nasional Kutai, Pupuk Kaltim mulai menginisiasi kegiatan pengembalian/reintroduksi Anggrek Hitam ke Taman Nasional Kutai yang sejak tahun 2011 diperbanyak Perusahaan melalui teknologi kultur jaringan (in-vitro).
Adapun ragam jenis flora fauna yang dapat dijumpai di Area Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati Pupuk Kaltim adalah sebagai berikut. [304-4]
Tabel Ragam Jenis Flora Fauna beserta Status Keberadaanya di Area Konservasi Pupuk Kaltim [304-3]
Table of Flora and Fauna Species Diversity along with their Presence Status in Pupuk Kaltim’s Conservation Area [304-3]
No Nama
Name Nama Ilmiah
Scientific Name Status
1. Anggrek Hitam Coelogyne pandurata Tanaman Dilindungi
Protected Plant PP No. 7 Tahun 1999
2. Ulin Eusideroxylon zwageri Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
3. Papuan Artocarpus anisophyllus Rentan
Vulnerable
IUCN Redlist
4. Bengkirai Shorea laevifolia Endert Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
5. Gaharu Aquilaria malaccensis Sangat Terancam
Critically Endangered
IUCN Redlist
6. Medang Kuning Dehaasia cuneata Endemik Kalimantan
Kalimantan Endemic -
7. Trembesi Albizia saman - -
8. Meranti Merah Shorea leprosura Hampir Terancam
Near Threatened
IUCN Redlist 9. Meranti kuning Palaquium rionsee/
Palaquium gutta Hampir Terancam
Near Threatened IUCN Redlist
Furthermore, since late 2018, in collaboration with the Kutai National Park Office, Pupuk Kaltim has initiated the reintroduction activity of the Black Orchid to the Kutai National Park, which has been propagated by the Company since 2011 through tissue culture technology (in vitro).
The various types of flora and fauna that can be found in the Biodiversity Conservation Area of Pupuk Kaltim are as follows. [304-4]
Tabel Ragam Jenis Flora Fauna beserta Status Keberadaanya di Area Konservasi Pupuk Kaltim [304-3]
Table of Flora and Fauna Species Diversity along with their Presence Status in Pupuk Kaltim’s Conservation Area [304-3]
No Nama
Name Nama Ilmiah
Scientific Name Status
10. Nyerakat Baccaurea macrocarpa Endemik Kalimantan
Kalimantan Endemic -
11. Kapul Calophyllum inophyllum Tidak Terancam
Least Concern
IUCN Redlist
12. Mangkabang Shorea sp Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
13. Bentrong Parartocarpus bracteatus - -
14. Damar Agathis dammara Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
15. Kahui Shorea balangeran Sangat Terancam
Critically Endangered IUCN Redlist
16. Kapur Dryobalanops aromatica Rentan
Vulnerable
IUCN Redlist
17. Ihau Dimocarpus malesianus Endemik Kalimantan
Kalimantan Endemic -
18. Ramin Bukit Thymelaeaceae Rentan
Vulnerable
IUCN Redlist
19. Rusa Sambar Rusa unicolor Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
20. Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Sangat Terancam
Critically Endangered IUCN Redlist
21. Beruk Macaca namestrina Rentan
Vulnerable
-
22. Lutung Merah Presbytis rubicunda Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
23. Lutung Kelabu Trachypitecus cristatus Rentan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
24. Kucing Kuwuk Prionailurus Rentan
Vulnerable
IUCN Redlist
25. Babi Hutan Susbarbatus Rentan
Vulnerable -
26. Kerangkeng Hitam Anthracoceros malyanus Hampir Terancam
Near Threatened
IUCN Redlist
27. Katak Rawa Besar Limnonectes paramacrodon Hampir Terancam
Near Threatened IUCN Redlist
28. King Kobra Ophiophagus Hannah Rawan
Vulnerable IUCN Redlist
29. Biawak Varanus salvator Rawan
Vulnerable
IUCN Redlist
Aktivitas produksi yang berpotensi mengganggu keanekaragaman hayati adalah buangan air limbah yang mengandung nutrien tinggi.
Nutrien tinggi yang terbuang ke badan air dapat menyebabkan blooming plankton yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan perairan tidak dapat dihuni oleh makhluk hidup. Oleh karena itu, Perusahaan melakukan beberapa upaya pengelolaan dampak terkait keanekaragaman hayati, antara lain:
1. Menjaga kualitas limbah cair agar selalu berada di bawah baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan.
2. Melakukan pemantauan struktur komunitas plankton, bentos, dan ikan demersal sebagai indikator kesehatan ekosistem di sekitar wilayah Pupuk Kaltim.
Hasil pemantauan Pupuk Kaltim terhadap kondisi ekosistem laut di sekitar wilayah Perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi komunitas plankton, bentos, dan ikan demersal dalam keadaan stabil dan tidak terjadi blooming plankton. Pada periode pelaporan juga tidak terdapat pengaduan terkait dengan kerusakan ekosistem laut. [304-2, 304-3]
[SEOJK F.16]
Berbagai inisiatif dan inovasi program operasional maupun program lingkungan yang dijalankan tersebut selaras dengan pencapaian berbagai tujuan keberlanjutan dalam SDGs di bidang lingkungan, meliputi: Tujuan ke-6 Air Bersih, Tujuan ke-7 Energi Bersih dan Terjangkau, Tujuan ke-13 Aksi Terhadap Iklim, Tujuan ke-14 Kehidupan di air dan Tujuan ke-15 Kehidupan di Darat.
Production activities that have the potential to disturb biodiversity are wastewater discharges containing high nutrients. High nutrients discharged into water bodies can cause plankton blooming, ultimately rendering the water uninhabitable for living organisms. Therefore, the Company undertakes several measures to manage the impact on biodiversity, including:
1. Maintaining the quality of wastewater to always be below the specified standards.
2. Monitoring the plankton, benthos, and demersal fish community structures as indicators of ecosystem health around the Pupuk Kaltim area.
Pupuk Kaltim’s monitoring results of the marine ecosystem conditions around the Company’s area show that the plankton, benthos, and demersal fish communities are stable, with no plankton blooming occurring. In the reporting period there were also no complaints about damage to the marine ecosystem. [304-2, 304-3][SEOJK F.16]
The various initiatives and innovative operational and environmental programs carried out are aligned with achieving various sustainability goals in the environmental field of the SDGs, including: Goal 6 Clean Water and Sanitation, Goal 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, Goal 13 Climate Action, Goal 14 Life Below Water, and Goal 15 Life on Land.