Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi H)

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Kimia Sainsdan Aplikasi 23 (7)⁽²⁰²⁰): 255-260 255

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Kimia Sains danAplikasi 23⁽7)⁽²⁰²⁰): 255-260 ^»«14**-^•»•?

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^QJurnalKimia

H3^{SainsdanAplikasi} ISSN:1410

- 8917

Jurnal

^Kimia

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Aplikasi e

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^ISSN:2597

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9914

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi

Journal of Scientific and Applied Chemistry

Journal

^{homepage:http:}//^ejournal.undip.ac.id/^index.php/^ksa

Direct Investigation of Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using

Polyscias Scutellaria Leaf Extract in the Hexane- Water System Using the Centrifugal Liquid Membrane - Spectrophotometry

Method H )

Checkfor updates

Muhammad Rizki Kurniawana

^>*

, Aji Humaedib , Ahmad Fitra Ritongac

aStudy Program of Medical LaboratoryTechnology,Facultyof ScienceandTechnology,BinawanUniversity,Jakarta,Indonesia

bStudy Program of Pharmacy,Faculty of Science andTechnology,Binawan University,Jakarta^,Indonesia

cStudy Program of Physical Engineering,Faculty of Science and Technology,BinawanUniversity,Jakarta^,Indonesia

*Corresponding author:kurniawan@binawan.ac.id https://^doi.0rg/10.14710/^jksa.23.7.255-260

A r t i c l e I n f o A b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received: 13^thMay2020 Revised:4^thJuly2020 Accepted:₁₇^thJuly2020

Online:₃₁^stJuly2020

The Centrifugal liquid Membrane (CLM) method

,

which provides an ultra-thin two-phase liquid membrane system in a rotating glass cell

,

was successfully appliedtoGreenSynthesis fromPolyscias Scutellaria( PS)capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-PS) using a Mangkokan leaf (Polyscias Scutellaria) extract as a reducing agent andstabilizer in the hexane-watersystem

.

PSextract inhexane fractionas the organic phase hasaUVabsorptionspectrumatthe maximum wavelength

,

of220nm

,

while the precursor of HAuCl4^solutionasanaqueous phase hasan of 214 ^nm

.

Investigation of AuNPs-PS formation was carried out at various concentrationsof Mangkokanleaf extract concentration;i

.

e

. ,

0.0010.003;_0.005; 0.007 and 0.009^%

,

while the reactionwascarried out at various rotationalspeeds of 5

,

000-9

,

000rpm

.

The formation andstabilityofAuNPs-PSwereobservedfrom the phenomenon of surface plasmonresonance(SPR)and absorbance changesas measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer

.

The results of measurements using CLM-Spectrophotometry shows the formation ofAuNPs-PSinthe hexane-water systemat

max

Keywords:

GreenSynthesis; Centrifugal LiquidMembrane-

spectrophotometry;Au Nanoparticles;Hexane- Water System;Polyscias Scutellaria

max

of534^nm

.

max

1. Introduction

Nanoparticles are materials that have a size on a nanometer scale ranging from 1-100 nm

.

Many researchers are interested in studying nanomaterials because

,

withnano-size

,

the materialproperties willbe more advantageous than larger sizes ^[1]

.

Nanoparticle material engineering is the tailoring of size

,

shape

,

morphology

,

and arrangement of materials at the nanometer scale

,

which will determine the characteristics of nanoparticles synthesized^[2]

.

Gold nanoparticles have various forms

,

includingAu nanosphere

,

Aunanorods

,

Aunanoshells

,

Aunanocubes

,

and Au nanocages ^[3

,

₄

,

5^]

.

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles is generally carried outbythe Turkevich method

,

namely by using chloroauric acid(HAuCl4)with areducing agent sodium citrate

.

Theprimaryreaction is

the reduction of Ausalt ⁽HAuCl₄) toform agold metal

.

This method converts the synthesis ofAu³⁺ions intoAu

°.

Sodium citrate is often used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles

.

Besides actingasa reducing agent

,

it is alsoastabilizerthatcanpreventthe aggregation of gold nanoparticles^[6^]

.

Thepublicknows Mangkokan ( Polyscias Scutellaria) asamedicinalplant

.

The roots

,

stems

,

leaves

,

orfruits ofthisplantcontainbioactivecompoundsthatcantreat various types of diseases

.

In general

,

medicinal plants have flowers containing substances from the flavonoid

,

aurone

,

chalcone

,

anthocyanin

/

anthocyanidin groups

,

which in this study are used to reduce and stabilize agents^[7

,

8

,

₉^]

.

The Centrifugal Liquid Membrane (CLM) method can measure reaction rates at the interface area in

λ

JurnalKimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23⁽7^{) (2020)}:255

-

260 256 seconds

.

This technique is a direct measurement of

chemicalspeciesthat areadsorbed at the liquid-liquid interface^[10

,

^11]

.

TheuseofCLMis by injectingasmall amountof reagent volume intoacylindricalglass

.

Then a high-speed rotation iscarried out

,

which producesa centrifugal force forminga phaselayeronthe cylinder glass wall ^[12

,

13^]

.

The cylindrical glass cell is then connected to a photomultiplier from the UV-Vis spectrophotometer

.

In this study

,

the CLM method is used toseeAuNPcolloidsystemswithawaterdispersing medium

.

The material used in thisstudywasthe Mangkokan leaf plantfrom a plantationinthe Cilebutarea

,

Bogor

,

and pure gold bar (99.99^%) from PT

.

Antam

.

The chemicals used were technical methanol

,

technical n- hexane

,

technical ethyl acetate

,

concentrated HC1 32^%

,

concentrated HN

03 65

^%

,

HC1 0.02 M

,

0.02 M NaOH

,

Wagnerreagents

,

acetic anhydride

,

concentrated H2SO₄

,

chloroform

,

₅₀%methanol

,

Mg powders

,

FeCl3

,

HC1

,

and Silica gel 60PF254^{obtainedfrom Merck}

.

2.2.SynthesisofAuNanoparticleswith Mangkokan LeafExtract(MLE)

HAUC

14

^{stock solution was prepared by weighing} 0.234^{g pure Au (}99.99^%)and dissolved in aqua regia ( HC1: HN

03 =

^{4: 1)}

.

The solution was evaporated by heating120°C to form AuCl^4- crystals

.

The crystal was washed twice and then dissolved using 118.8 mL of double-distilled water so that a 1.51^{% (}m

/

^{v) HAuCl4} mother liquorwasobtained

.

Thenasolutionof HAuCl₄ wasmadebypouring 9 ^mLof stock solution of HAuCl4

1.51^{% (}m

/

^{v) on a100 mL}volumetric flask and diluted with double distilled water to the mark

.

Then

,

a 9^mL HAUC

14

^{solutionwas reactedwith1mL} of Mangkokan leaf extract solution

,

followed by characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer directly connected to the CentrifugalLiquidMembrane

.

2.3.General proceduresforusing Centrifugal Liquid Membrane(CLM)

AuNP@MLE synthesis was carried out using the Centrifugal Liquid Membrane (CLM) method

.

The characterization tool used to observe the formation of AuNP@MLE directly is the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer connected to the Centrifugal Liquid Membrane (CLM) motor

.

AuNP synthesis was carried out in which the HAUC

14

^{solutionasablankwas}inserted intoacylindrical rotating glass cell

,

then added the n-hexane solution then connected to theCLMrotatorataspeedof10

,

000

rpm

.

After20seconds

,

the rotating glass cellwasshotby UV-Visible light at a wavelength of 200-800 nm

.

The MLEsolution is mixed intoacylindricalrotational glass cell that has previously contained HAuCl4

,

then connected totheCLMrotatorataspeed of10

,

000rpm

.

After2minutes

,

the glass cells rotate

,

andthe ultrathin membranewas formed

,

then UV-Visible was shot ata wavelength of 200-800 nm

,

andchangesareobserved every time unit

.

2.4^.Concentration Variationin SynthesisofAuNP- Mangkokan LeafExtract(PolysciasScutellaria) The variation of Mangkokan leaf extract concentration was ^0.001%; 0.003^%; 0.005^%; 0.007^% and 0.009^%

.

₂₅₀ ^pLHAuCl4^2.0xio^~4Msolution was injectedintothe glass cellasablank

,

then add200pLn- hexane and rotated atarotationalspeed of10

,

⁰⁰⁰rpm

.

Then still ina non-rotating condition

,

theMLEsolution wasinjecteduntilthe desired mixture concentrationwas obtained

.

At a rotation speed of 10

,

000 rpm

,

a measurement was performed using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the range of 200-800nm after2

minutesof rotation

.

Choiry^[14^]studied the direct measurement of the

Au-mercaptosuccinic-Fe (II) nanoparticle complexwith the centrifugal liquid membrane(CLM)method usingCr (VI) reducing agents which are harmful to the environment

.

ResearchonAuNPgreen synthesis using extracts( Polyscias Scutellaria)withUVlight reduction and methylene blue reduction catalysis studies is still preliminary

.

They haveadisadvantage becauseUVlight is unstable^[15^]

.

While in thisstudy

,

it tried touseplant extracts ⁽Polyscias Scutellaria)

,

which contain secondary metabolites of flavonoids

,

alkaloids

,

tannins

,

and terpenoidsthat areenvironmentally friendly

,

canbea capping agentforstableAuNPand able to reduceAu³⁺to Au

°

^well

.

Also

,

the use of hexane-water interphase systems provides benefits

,

as it only requires a small samplewith sensitive detection and direct measurement usingaUV-Vis spectrophotometer

.

The renewal of this research is that direct observation using UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the hexane-watersystemcanalso bedeterminedbytheCLM method

.

Samples of the hexane - water system are injected into a cylindrical glass tube

.

A rotation (centrifugalforce)to10000rpm is obtained to obtaina thin membrane(212 pm)withalargesurfacearea

.

The centrifugal liquid membrane method was successfully applied to the green synthesis of Polyscias scutellaria^- cappedgoldnanoparticlesusingplantextracts toreduce and stabilize usingthe hexane-watersystem

.

2. Methodology

This researchwasconducted at theNanoInterfacial Chemistry Laboratory

,

University of Indonesia

.

This researchwasconducted in 3 stages

,

i

.

e

. ,

(i)synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP)with Mangkokan leaf extract ( Polyscias

AuNP@Mangkokan leaf extract by Centrifugal Liquid Membranemethod and(iii)variationof Mangkokanleaf extractconcentration usingCLMmethod

.

2.1. Equipmentand Materials

The equipment used in this study wasmeasuring cups

,

measuring flasks

,

chalice cups

,

stirring rods

,

test tubes

,

drop pipettes

,

volumetricpipettes

,

spray bottles

,

analytical balance

,

evaporators

,

Buchner funnels

.

The instruments used were Shimadzu 2600 UV-Vis spectrophotometer

,

Centrifugal Liquid Membrane equipment- NSKNakanishi high-speed NK260 Electer and Ono Sokki HT-431 ^Non-Contact Digital Photo Tachometer to monitor Centrifugal Liquid Membrane control

.

Scutellaria⁾

,

⁽ii⁾ synthesis of

max

λ

λ

λ

λ

2000 300 400 500 600 700 800

1 2 3 4 5

Organic Phase Aqueous Phase

Interfacial

Wavelength (nm)

Absorbance (a.u)

Organic Phase Aqueous Phase Interfacial

JurnalKimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23⁽7^{) (2020)}:255

-

260 257

3.

Results and

Discussion

3.1. Liquid - LiquidInterfaceChemistry

Based onthe UV-Visabsorption spectrum pattern

,

what water phase is atawavelength of 220nm

,

andthe organic phase at 350 nm

.

The wavelength at 535 nm corresponds totheresultsof AuNP synthesis

.

Based on the phenomenon of liquid-liquid interface extraction

,

forming AuNP synthesis is drawn towards the water phase

,

indicating the dissolution process

.

The AuNP color is pink

,

distinctive color

,

and Figure1shows a wavelength of 535 nm corresponding to the surface plasmons resonance (SPR) of AuNP

.

Based on preliminarytestsofliquid-liquid interface chemistry

,

it canbeseenthe phenomenon between the water-phase hexane phase

.

So

,

itcanbeconcluded thatAuNPcanbe synthesized bythe centrifugalliquid membrane (CLM) method so that the concentration profile can be seen continuouslyatthe interface and bulk phase

.

scale

.

TheAuNP stabilityanalysis processthat is formed is carried outdirectly

.

CLMrotationcan accelerate the growth of AuNP and maintain uniformity of the size distribution formed

.

Proof based on observing the reactionwith the formation of pink andUV-Visspectra measurement results

.

^The use of CLM as a detection system isdue to the volumeof mediaused is only about

0.2-1mL

,

and thisdependsonthestabilityoftheAuNP formed

.

AuNPsynthesis research using theCLMmethod wascarried outbyinjecting 250^pLHAUC

14

solution into the glass cellasablank

,

and the glass cellwasrotated at 7

,

⁰⁰⁰rpm

.

TheHAUC

14

solution used hasaconcentration of 2.0xlo⁴M

.

Inwater

,

the HAuCl₄solution ionizes to Au³⁺through the followingsteps:

HAUC

14

^+H20

AuCl4 ^+H2O AUC

13

^+H20-

AUC12^{+ +}H20 - AuCl²⁺ +H20^-

— > AuClV

^+H

30

⁺ - AuCl3⁺CT +H2O

>

AUC12⁺⁺²CT+H2O -

>

AuCl²⁺+3^C1^-+H2O

Au³⁺+4^CT+H2O

Furthermore

,

200 mL of hexane MLE fraction is injected then the glass cell is rotated

,

then another 50 mLofMLEwaterfraction isadded to thespeedof10

,

000

is measured using UV-Vis rpm

.

Then

spectrophotometry and the smoothness of the spectra patternproducedafter2minutesof rotation isobserved

.

max

3.3. Variationof Mangkokan LeafExtract Concentration

The variation of Mangkokan leaf extract concentration intheCLMmethod aims to determine the abilitytoreduceMLE

’

^{sactivecompounds}

,

^determinethe

smallestAuNPsize

,

andthe

Vis absorption spectrum

.

The smaller the wavelength

,

the smaller theAuNPthat is formed

,

while the higher the wavelength

,

the larger theAuNPthat is formed

.

AuNP@MLE synthesis was carried out by adding HAUC

14

^withafixed volume

.

This synthesis is carried out at room temperature in the CLM system

.

The results obtained show the smaller the concentration of the mixture

,

the smaller the

theparticlesize formed

.

^Atthesametime

,

theoptimum concentration is the concentration that gives the smallestwavelength inUV^-Visspectra

.

AuNP growth was observed rapidly in 2 minutes usingCLM

.

The centrifugal forcepossessed bytheCLM system accelerates the formation of AuNP

.

Figure 2

shows the results of UV-Vis characterization in AuNP synthesis using the CLM method

.

It is seen that with variations inMLE concentrations

,

thereare secondary metabolitesof flavonoidcompounds thatplaya role in the formation of AuNP by influencing the wavelength

,

absorbance

,

and spectral band shape of the AuNP formed

.

AuNPsynthesiswascarried outbyvarying the volumeofthe reducing agent

,

aspresentedin Table1

.

that appears in theUV-

max

Figure1.UV-VisAbsorption Spectrain Liquid-Liquid Interface Chemistry

3.2. AuNP@MLESynthesiswithCentrifugal Liquid Membrane(CLM)Method

AuNP nanoparticles in this study were used as a chemical species detector

.

The AuNP@MLE synthesis process can be observed using the Centrifugal Liquid Membrane (CLM) method through a change in color from clear(colorless)topinkand measurementsby UV- Visspectroscopyatawavelength of 520-

580

^{nm which} is the typical peak of AuNP

.

The pink color produced from AuNParisesfromtheplasmonband

’

^sfrequency

,

which absorbs green light strongly and transmits red light

.

whichmeansthe smaller

max

,

The synthesis of gold nanoparticlesuses theBrust method

,

while theapplicationusestheCLMmethod

.

The combination of these methods aims to obtain the smallestAuNPsizepossibletoenlargethe surfacearea that interacts with the analyte to be detected

.

This research has the advantage of measuring with CLM combinedwithUV-Vis spectrophotometry tomeasureit in situ

.

When the cell is rotated and shotdirectly by UV- Vislight

,

the wavelengthcanbeadjusted tothe desired untilthe formation ofAuNPsize isonthe nanometer

max

λ

λ

λ

λ

300 400 500 600 700 800

0 0.1 0.2

0.001%

0.003%

0.005%

0.007%

Wavelength (nm)

Absorbance (a.u)

0.009%

Jurnal

Kimia Sainsdan Aplikasi 23 (7)⁽²⁰²⁰): 255-260 258 Table¹.Variationof concentration of Mangkokanleaf

extract inreducing

HAuCU

^{and maxproduced 3.4}

.RotationSpeedVariationsinCentrifugal Liquid Membranes

Rotation speed variations are carried out to determine the optimum rotation speed

,

which can providethe smoothestUV-Vis absorption^spectra

.

From the results of UV-Vis detection combined with theCLM system, it can beseen as theCLM

’

^{s rotationstability}

.

The fineness of theUV-Visabsorption spectradepends on the stability of the CLM rotation position when operated

.

Atacertainspeed

,

CLMrotatesstably

,

and the rotation is homogeneous and fastsothat the resulting spectra are smooth

,

which is marked by the peak of absorbance that is visible

.

Volumeof HAuCl4 (1.0xio-⁴

M) ( mL)

Volumeof Mangkokan leafextract (1.OXIO^'2M)

( mL)

Mangkokan leafextract concentration

max

(nm) (%)

0.001%

0.003^% 0.005^% 0.007^% 0.009^%

1 1 537

1 1 531

533

l l

l l 530

l l 530

With a concentration of 0.001%

,

MLE gives noisy results with a wavelength of 537 nm and a rough spectrumand notyetpink

.

This indicates thatAuNPhas notformed completely

.

At MLEwithaconcentrationof 0.003^%

,

theabsorption spectrumformed is stillslightly rough

,

the size of the nanoparticles is still significant because

Rotational speed affects the formation of thin membranes in the cell wallastheliquidinsidethe glass cellexperiencescentrifugalforcesothat the liquid rises upwards lining the glass cell wall

.

Centrifugalforce is definedasacircular motion force thatmovesaway from the center of the circle

.

The nature of this centrifugal force causes the fluid in the curved tube to rise to a certainheight

.

The rotationalspeedusedwas5000 rpm;6000 rpm; 7000 rpm;⁸⁰⁰⁰rpm; 9000 rpm; and¹⁰

,

⁰⁰⁰rpm

.

Results TheUV-Vis absorption spectraof samplessynthesized with different rotational speedsarepresentedin Figure is at 531 nm

,

but the shape of the absorption

peak has started sharp

.

There is still noise being observed due tothe influence of theCLM system

.

max

MLE with a concentration of 0.005^% has a wavelength withapeakof 533 nm with^{noisyabsorption}

.

This indicates that the AuNP formed is larger than 0.003^%

,

andthe distribution is heterogeneous in size

.

A higher concentration than theoptimumconcentrationof the reduction process of Au³⁺ toAuNPis formed more rapidly

,

resulting in unevenparticle nuclei followed by agglomeration toproduceamuch larger sizeAuNP

.

The concentration of 0.007^% and 0.009^% is the optimumconcentration inthe formation ofAuNP bythe CLMmethod with the smallest wavelength of 530 nm

.

At this concentration

,

the AuNP formed is small

,

with higher absorbance than at concentrations of 0.005^%

,

0.003^%

,

and 0.001%

.

The sharp absorption peak also indicates that the size of the AuNP produced is homogeneous

.

The smaller the size ofAuNP

,

the capping agent process using Mangkokan leaf extract is more easilyformed in the hexane-water interphasesystem

.

Wavelength (nm)

Figure 3^.UV-Visspectraofsamples with different rotationalspeedsusingtheCLM systeminthe hexane-

watersystem

Figure 3 shows the results of the^UV-Visabsorption spectra of AuNP prepared with different rotational speeds

.

The smoothestAuNPcolloidalspectra prepared by the CLM system

,

obtained at a rotational speed of 7

,

⁰⁰⁰ rpm

.

Figure 3 shows that the finer order of the spectraproducedwas7000 rpm> 8000rpm>7000 rpm>

6000 rpm> 5000 rpm

.

Figure 3 also shows that the spectrum at 5000

,

8000

,

and 9000 rpm rotations look broad due to large-sized AuNP being formed or agglomeration of the particles

.

The fineness of the spectrum also reveals that the higher the rotational speed

,

the smaller the

presented in Table2

.

Figure2.UV-VisAuNP absorption spectraat various

concentrationsof⁽a⁾⁰

,

⁰⁰¹%

,

⁽b)0

,

003^%

,

⁽c⁾⁰

,

005^%

,

(d)0

,

₀₀₇%

,

⁽e⁾0

,

009^%intheCLM system maxproduced

.

These resultsare

λ λ

λ

λ

λ λ

λ

λ

λ

λ

λ

κ

Jurnal

Kimia Sainsdan Aplikasi 23 (7)⁽²⁰²⁰): 255-260 259 Table²

.

Relationship between rotationalspeedandthe

resulting

nm

,

andthis is in accordance with the surfaceplasmons resonance(SPR)ofAuNP

.

While the aqueous phase hasa wavelength of 350 nm

.

The results of measurements usingCLM-Spectrophotometry showed the formation of AuNPs-MLE

.

Variations in the concentration of Mangkokan leaf extract reached optimum concentrationsof 0.007^% and 0.009^{% in} the hexane- watersystemwith maxof 530 nm

.

Meanwhile

,

the most optimum rotation speed in the hexane-air system is obtained at 7000 rpm

.

At this speed

,

AuNP growth is observed

,

the maxproducedisthe smallestcomparedto other rotational speeds

,

which is at 540 ^nm

.

The spectrum obtained is smooth and sharp

.

The results of measurements using CLM-Spectrophotometry show that the formation of AuNPs-PS in the hexane-water systemhasan maxof534^nm

.

Acknowledgment

This research was funded by the Ministry of Research and TechnologyGrant

,

National Research and Innovation Agency

,

with a contract number of 051

/

^LL3

/

^PG

/

²⁰²⁰

.

References

[1] Nilufar Torabi, Azin Nowrouzi

,

Ali Ahadi, Safoura Vardasbi,Behrouz Etesami,Greensynthesis of gold nanoclusters using seed aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus L.and their characterization

,

SN AppliedSciences

,

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,

₉,(2019⁾,981

https://^d0i.0rg/10.1007/s42452-019-1035-x

[2] Arpita Basu, Sarmishtha Ray, Supriyo Chowdhury, Arnab Sarkar, Deba Prasad Mandal

,

Shamee Bhattacharjee, Surekha Kundu, Evaluating the antimicrobial, apoptotic, and cancer cell gene delivery properties of protein-capped gold nanoparticles synthesized from the edible mycorrhizal fungus Tricholomacrassum

,

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( 2018),₁₅₄

https://^d0i.0rg/^10.1186/^s11671^-018-2561^-y

[3^] ArkanKareemBuraihi

,

AmalKhudair Abbas,Zainab J.^Shanan

,

Bassam K.Abdul Amir

,

The Efficacyof Gold Nanoparticles inInhibiting the Toxic Effect of Tamoxifen on the Kidneys of Male Albino Mice, Biochemical andCellularArchives

,

19,suppl.1,(2019⁾, 2205-²²¹¹

[4^{] Mingjin Zhu},Xinying Li

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LimingGe,Yaxin Zi

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Man Qi,Yulin Li,Defu Li,ChangdaoMu

,

Greensynthesis of -carrageenan@ Ag submicron-particles with high aqueousstability

,

robust antibacterialactivity and low cytotoxicity, Materials Science and Engineering:C

,

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,

110185

https://^d0i.0rg/^10.1016/^j.msec.2019.110185

[5^] Linhai Biao, Shengnan Tan

,

QinghuanMeng, Jing Gao, Xuewei Zhang, Zhiguo Liu, Yujie Fu

,

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Proanthocyanidins-Functionalized

Nanoparticles,Nanomaterials

,

⁸,1,( 2018),₅₃ https://^d0i.⁰rg/10.3390/^nan08010053

[6^] Azim Akbarzadeh, Davood Zare

,

Ali Farhangi, Mohammad R Mehrabi

,

Dariush Norouzian

,

Shahram Tangestaninejad,MajidMoghadam,Nasim Bararpour, Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles by tryptophane

,

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,

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,

4,(2009⁾, 691-695

https://^d0i.⁰rg/10.3844/^ajassp.2009.691.695

max

(nm) rotational speed(rpm) max

670

^nm

557 nm 540nm

580

^nm

580

^nm

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

AuNPsynthesized atarotationalspeedof 5000 rpm is in a stable state

,

as seen from the results of the absorption spectrumformed eventhough the resulting spectrumisslightly rough

.

The rotationalspeedof 5000 rpm provides enough centrifugal force to make theliquid riseperfectlyoverthe wall to formamembrane

,

butthe size of the formed nanoparticles isstill large

,

as seen from the value of of

670

^nm

.

Compared with a rotation of 5

,

000 rpm

,

the absorption spectrum of a sampleof 7

,

000rpm is much finer and hasavery sharp peak

.

max

Atarotational speed of 6000 rpm

,

theCLMrotation is in a stable state

,

as seen from the smooth AuNP spectrum

.

This speed is enough to make theliquid rise perfectlyliningthe wall to formamembrane

.

However

,

the size of the nanoparticles formed is stillquitelarge

,

as seenfrom maxof 557 nm

.

Ata rotationalspeed of 7000 rpm

,

the formation of thin membranes in glass cells is fast

,

homogeneous

,

stable

,

and entirely coated walls

.

TheAuNP absorption spectrum producedisexcellent; the absorbance at observed (without the aid of Gaussian fittinganalysis)

.

AuNPgrowthwasobserved

,

and the resulting

the smallest among the other rotationalspeeds

,

which was 540 ^nm

.

Thespeed of 7

,

000rpm is summed upas the ideal speed because the results produce the smoothest absorption spectrum

.

In this rotation condition

,

it is expected to reduce HAuCl4 by MLE to AuNPfaster

.

maxIS

was

max

Ata rotationalspeed of 8000rpm

,

AuNPsynthesis is well-formed

,

in which the membrane lining of the glass cell wall is perfectly formed

.

However

,

when viewed from the absorption spectrum

,

it looks rough compared to the 5000-rpm rotation

.

The resulting is inthe region of

580

nm and is higher than the 7000- rpm sample

,

sothe formed nanoparticlesarelarger

.

At a rotationalspeed of 9000 rpm

,

AuNPiswell- formed

,

but the peak experiences broadening because the membrane coatingonthe glass cell wall is not fully formed and undergoes aggregationsothat the size of the AuNPbecomes larger

.

The resulting

4

^{. Conclusion}

AuNP synthesis using the centrifugal liquid membranemethod with the hexane-water phasesystem using Mangkokan leaf extract ( Polyscias Scutellaria)asa capping agentwassuccessfullycarried out

.

Preliminary studies show that the results of theUV-Visabsorption spectrum for the hexane phaseareata wavelength of

220 nm

.

The interface region has a wavelength of 523

max

is

580

^nm

.

max

Gold

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