According to the data analysis above, the researcher concludes that there are 94 data that contain the utterances that indicate positive politeness strategies used by the characters. Akerlof defines social distance as "the extent to which individuals share beliefs, customs, practices, appearance, and other characteristics that define their identity". First, politeness is categorized and counted according to the situation in which politeness is used.
Positive politeness is defined as compensation directly to the addressee's positive face, that is, a desire that the speaker wants to be understood as desirable. Identify actions that indicate positive politeness used by the characters in "Predestination." This study is expected to benefit teachers, especially teachers of English and Bahasa Indonesia, which is the concern of politeness strategy in English language and Bahasa Indonesia.
Politeness Principle
Therefore, the Maxim of Generosity is minimizing the expression that benefits oneself, it means maximizing the expression that means the bed to oneself. An unflattering subtitle of Maxim Approval would be "Maximizing Flattery," but the term "flattery" is generally reserved for insincere approval. It is shown that s reluctance to state his opinion is due to the Maxim of approval.
Therefore, the Modesty maxim minimizes the expression to praise of self, it maximizes the expression to despise your self. It is wise that the agreement Maxim is to minimize disagreement between self and other, it means to maximize the agreement between self and other. f. Therefore, the sympathy maxim is to minimize the expression of antipathy between self and other, it is maximized to maximize the expression of sympathy between self and other.
Positive Politeness
Such is the force of the Sympathy Maxim that without further information we interpret (b) as a pity, as an expression of a sympathy or misfortune. Therefore, the sympathy maxim is to minimize the expression of antipathy between self and other, it is maximized to maximize the expression of sympathy between self and other. which functions as ''a kind of social accelerator'' through which the speaker signals his or her desire to get ''closer'' to the hearer.25. Positive politeness statements are not only used by the participants who knew each other quite well, but also used as a kind of metaphorical extension of intimacy to imply common ground or to share needs to a limited extent between strangers.
For the same reason, positive politeness techniques are useful not only for the correction of MTL, but in general as a kind of social accelerator for the speaker in their use shows that he wants to approach the listener. The following fifteen strategies address positive face and are examples of positive manners; 26. strategy 1) Jim, you are really good at solving computer problems. FTA = S wants to stop and have something to eat and wants to get H to agree to do so).
Speech Act
Based on the above opinions, speech act is the action people actually perform through language. In other words, it can be concluded that the speech act is the action performed by producing an utterance. Since the illocutionary act is the actual actions performed by the utterance, these utterances will be analyzed based on the politeness approach.
Politeness is not relevant to statements because it does not have an addressee in the sense that applies to personal discourse: the person making a statement uses language as an external sign that represents some institutional (social, religious, legal , etc.) performed action. The illocutionary act is the minimal complete unit of human linguistic communication, whenever someone speaks to each other, the illocutionary act is performed. The concept of illocutionary act is an attempt to communicate in the expression of an attitude, and force is sometimes associated with that mood.
Factors Influencing the Uses of Positive Politeness Strategy
The speaker can minimize the FTA by assuring the hearer that he likes the hearer and wants to fulfill the hearer's needs. The hearer's positive face is therefore not threatened by the speaker because it can be seen for their mutual shares. The example above shows that the speaker minimizes the FTA (request) to the hearer by also including the speaker himself as the participant.
On the contrary, you will express yourself politely when interacting with someone you do not know well, for example, a person who is older than you. For example, if we borrow a car in ordinary time, we will feel reluctant, but in urgent situations, it will come naturally. Meanwhile, in the second context, it is not necessary to make polite statements, because the situation is urgent.
Previous Research Finding
The latest research is "Sociolinguistic Analysis of Politeness in Addressing Terms Used in the Final Destination 2 Movie Script". From the data analysis in chapter 4, the researcher found that there were five variations of address terms used in the Final Destination 2 movie script Destination 2, such as addressing terms using name, using kinship, intimacy, respect and also ridicule. The researcher applied Hymes SPEECH theory in chapter 4 to analyze those 5 variations of addressing term and there were some reasons for using the term of address used in the script of the movie Final Destination 2.
These reasons are the use of appealing terms to show intimacy, caring, empathy, worry, power/authority, politeness, to calm someone, to warn someone and to show anger/disgust. The politeness pattern of using terms in the Final Destination 2 movie manuscript is analyzed in Chapter 4 using the Tu and Vous (T/V) theory. Ahla Afiya chooses the movie title “Karate Kid”, Eis Naeni uses the movie title “Final Destination 2”, and this study used the movie title “Predestination”.
Research Methodology 1. Research Method
- Data Source
- Technique of Collecting Data
- Technique of Data Analysis
- Research Procedure
The data source is collected by the researcher to answer the formulation of the issues raised. In conducting this research, the researcher used the movie title “Predestination” and the transcript of the movie as sources. Data collection techniques are the most strategic step in the research because the main goal of the research is to get the data.
Without knowing the techniques of data collection, the researcher will not get the data that meets the standards specified data. Although field notes present the data that will later be analyzed to provide an understanding of the research environment. That is why the researcher used content analysis because in this research the researcher analyzed a movie.
Thesis Organization
Research Finding
Therefore, the listener's positive face is fulfilled because he feels that the speaker has paid attention to him. You are a gift given to the world by the paradox of predestination, you are the only one without history, without ancestors. This strategy is used to intensify the listener so that the speaker is interested in engaging the listener in the conversation.
The shock will wear off, but you can take comfort in knowing that these events are happening in the right order, the path you are on will lead you to your destination. You're about to start the most important job a man has ever had, and you're going to do well, I know it. The fulfillment of this strategy is required when the speaker shows mutual acceptance to the hearer.
This strategy is required when the speaker knows what the hearer's needs are, but he/she also asserts the hearer's. Robertson: Well, then, like everyone else, you're just going to have to take it one day at a time. And now that you've found her, you know who she is, and you understand who you are, and now you might be ready to understand who I am.
Agent: You have skills you've never had the chance to use and I can give you that chance.
Discussion
So the agent uses the positive courtesy strategy 1 to inform John that it is John's. Then the agent uses the Positive Polite Strategy 9 to pressure John to cooperate with the agent. Then, in 1963, you indicate that the agent uses the positive politeness strategy to confirm knowledge of the hearer.
The conversation above shows that the agent is using positive politeness strategy 12, involving both the speaker and the listener in the activity. In the conversation above, the payoff influenced the agent to use the positive politeness strategy. The agent uses the strategy of positive politeness because he was influenced by the agent; pay out.
The agent uses the positive politeness strategy because he was influenced by the factor wages. The agent uses the strategy of positive politeness influenced by the relevant circumstantial factor which is the size of the imposition. The agent uses the strategy of positive politeness because he is influenced by relevant circumstances that include; relative power and social distance.
The agent uses the positive courtesy strategy because he was influenced by the size of the imposition, which is the circumstance factor.
CONCLUSION
Namely, in strategy 12 both the speaker and the hearer include activity, there are 4 statements that fit this strategy. Belongs to strategy 13 namely give or ask for reason, there are 13 statements that indicated this strategy. In strategy 14, namely asserting reciprocal exchange, there is one utterance that fits this strategy.
The last one in strategy 15, that of giving gifts to the hearer (good, sympathy, understanding or cooperation), is an utterance that indicated this strategy. Based on the analysis of the factors influencing the use of the positive politeness strategy in the "Predestination" movie, it is discovered that there are.
SUGGESTION
This research describes how and why a certain positive politeness strategy is used by the characters in the movie 'Predestination'. However, the result of the investigation concluded that the characters tried to take into account the state of the audience and the situation when uttering their directive utterances. Based on this, the researcher wants to make a suggestion for all people who use language, especially Muslims, who want to command, ask, propose or make statements to someone else.
Analysis based on this theory will make another contribution to the enrichment of linguistic views on the issue of politeness in speech. The medium is the message: Politeness strategies in men's and women's voicemail messages', Journal of Pragmatics.
