Volume 1, Number 1 Juli 2022
44
Leadership And Islamic Economic Education Management
Nurul Khotimah1, Khalaf Alnemari2, Normuslim3, Muzalifah4, Muslimah5
1IAIN Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Email:[email protected]
2ummul qura university, Mecca, Arab Saudi, Email:[email protected]
3IAIN Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Email:[email protected]
4IAIN Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Email:[email protected]
5IAIN Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Judges while giving provisions in case 20/Pdt.P/2021/PA.Ksn with the type of Marriage Dispensation case decided the petitioner’s application to be legally inadmissible based on the facts obtained before the trial court. To obtain a solution, it is important to conduct a study by juridically analyzing the rejection of the marriage dispensation in the case of Siri marriage. The author details it in the sub-study, namely the Dispensation of Marriage; Denial of the Marriage Dispensation due to Siri's Marriage. Using a qualitative approach to the type of research library research. It is carried out by looking for references related to the Marriage Dispensation from journal articles, books, and legislation in printed and electronic form and analyzed based on the theory of justice, certainty, and the expediency of law and sharia maqasid. The findings of this study are that Marriage Dispensation is an initiative for those who wish to marry but do not meet the minimum age of marriage set by the Government, and parents with children of insufficient age may first apply for marriage in the Religious Courts. Denial of case number 20/Pdt.P/2021/PA.Ksn because Siri marriage negatively affects the spouse and offspring because the marriage cannot be defective according to state law.
Keywords: leadership; management; Islamic economic education
INTRODUCTION
One of the virtues of human compared to the rest of Allah’s creatures is the existence of intelligence which give us the ability to think. Intelligence allows humanity to continue progressing. Human lives in the era of industry 4.0 to 5.0 are surrounded by super-advanced technologies which ease our work. In the era of globalization, countries need to be able to provide education services in accordance with the selling point in the world of education. 1 Educational institutions need to create new paradigms in their management. Otherwise, educational institution, especially Islamic economic education institution can be abandoned by stake holders due to loss of trust.
1 “Husaini Husaini, “Manajemen Kepemimpinan Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam,” JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan) PISSN :2548-7094 E-ISSN 2614-8021 Vol.4, No. 1 (2019).”
One of the urgent components in improving the quality of educational institutions is human resources who are quick to respond to changes. Human resources must be able to produce creative and innovative works in global competition. 2Leaders are human resources that become a deciding factor in the progress of an organization. Leaders are required to be sensitive to the changes of times. Hence, the role of leadership decides how an organization will grow through the planning and implementation of the changes. A qualified leader will direct his/her organization to positive changes. A leader can also lead his/her organization to negative changes instead.
A leader must full his/her duty based on the instruction taught by The Messenger of Allah, Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) to humanity, especially the people of Islam.
He is the most appropriate example viewed from multiple perspectives. If leaders implement leadership exemplified by The Messenger of Allah (PBUH), then it will be easy for an organization to achieve its common goals.
However, in reality, there are leaders who still do not understand Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) teaching. There are a lot of leaders who ignore The Quran and do not use it as the key guidelines of life including in running their Islamic economic education organizations. They mostly prioritize their own interests over the interests of the people.
Whereas a leader is essentially a servant of his subordinates and should not be the one who is served by his/her subordinates instead. Many leaders cooperate with other parties to fulfill certain objectives that basically not to achieve the supposed goals, but to achieve the goals of certain groups.
A leader performs his/her duty as a leader and a manager. These two roles cannot be separated. A leader must be able to give motivation in building good performance to influence the attitudes and behavior of his/her personnel. As a manager, a leader must be able to manage the complexity of his/her organization from the planning to evaluation.
These two skills are correlated to each other. Without management skill, a leader will find difficulties in deciding action in organization. Without leadership skill, a manager will lose his/her prestige. 3
The objective of this journal is to describe the characteristics of Islamic leader needed nowadays and how is the management of the leadership of Islamic Education. In
2 Samsul Bahri, “PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ERA 4.0,” Jurnal Transformatif Vol.3, No. 2 (2019): 241–75.
3 Istiqomah and Budi Haryanto, Manajemen Dan Kepemimpian Pendidikan Islam (Surabaya:
Nizamia Learning Center, 2021).
46
addition, it is hoped that it will be useful for Islamic economic education institutions as input in order to be able to run its institutional system appropriately.METHOD
This study used the literature review method focused on themes related to leadership and management of Islamic Education. Data collection technique conducted by collecting materials related to leadership and management of Islamic economic education obtained from books and journals analysed by using descriptive method. Then, a conclusion is obtained to create a new theory or to solve a problem.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Islamic Leadership Needed
First, a leader must have good morals. Good morals are a necessary quality a leader need to have. Skills or intelligence will be unavailing when an organization is led by someone with bad morals. There is a hadith narrated by Abu Dawud which said: “When three people set out on a journey, they should appoint one of them as their leader.” This hadith hints us to decide a leader who has the best morals than the others. A leader with good morals will be a good example for others. Exemplary leader is the best method of character education and the most effective to be implemented comprehensively. 4
Second, a leader has to be competent and healthy. Competencies and health are valuable assets for a leader. Competences are necessary for a leader in order to run his/her organization. In other words, competences are necessary in running a leader’s role as a manager. On the other hand, managerial tasks cannot be fulfilled properly without good health. The workloads of a leader are more than other people’s which makes health become the key for a leader in implementing his/her leadership. It is stated in the Surah Al Baqarah verse 247 which the meaning is that a leader must have knowledge more than others and stronger than others.
Third, a leader has to prioritize discussion. Islamic leadership is leadership that is adaptable in the midst of environment that hold the principle of balance which mean that Islamic leadership is not authoritarian leadership. 5 Islamic leadership has a special
4 “Azizah Munawwaroh, “Keteladanan Sebagai Metode Pendidikan Karakter,” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam ISSN: 2621-8275 Vol. 7, No. 2 (2019): h.141-156, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v7i2.363.”
5 “A Ikhwan, “Sistem Kepemimpinan Islami: Instrumen Inti Pengambil Keputusan Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam,” Istawa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Vol.3, no. No.2 (2019): h.111-154.”
characteristic in holding the principle of balance which is by implementing discussion.6 Essentially, leaders are servants of their subordinates, to serve their people, which means that they have to be heedful and responsive to any opinions and proposals given to them.
Any decision they make are not from their own desire but joint decision. The command to discuss is stated in the part of The Quran, Surah Ali Imran verse 159. This verse gives direction that when facing every problem should be resolved through discussion, then pray to Allah after reaching the result of consensus.
Fourth, a leader should guide and direct his/her people. The translation of the part of the verse of The Quran Surah Ali Imran verse 110, has a meaning that the best people will definitely invite others to good things and stay away from and prevent bad things. A leader has the task of guiding and directing his/her subordinates to walk on the same axis, to move forward and grow together to a positive direction. Naturally, it is necessary for a leader to have strategies in guiding and directing his/her subordinates. A leader needs to be able to adjust him/her selves in any condition and situation while guiding and directing them. 7 This style of leadership is called Situational Leadership.
Fifth, a leader must be able to cooperate. The Quran Surah Al Maidah verse 2 explains that humans need to cooperate. This verse explained that the cooperation has to be cooperation in goodness, not cooperation in wickedness. Good cooperation gives big contribution in improving the performance of subordinates. 8 Because of that, good cooperation stimulates the growth of an organization. While bad cooperation will lead to the fall of an organization.
Sixth, a leader has to be able to accept critics and advices. “Who hear advice and follow the best thereof. Such are those whom Allah guideth, and such are men of understanding.” (QS Az Zumar: 18). Corrections made at each layer will provide
6 “Muhammad Olifiansyah et al., “Kepemimpinan Dalam Perspektif Islam,” At-Tajdid: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam Vol.4, No. 1 (2020): h.102-112.”
7 “Trisna Ayu Anggareni and LEeonard Adrie Manafe, “Karakteristik Kepemimpinan Situasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Old Town White Cofee,” Jurnal AKTUAL ISSN: 1693-1688 e- ISSN: 2723-1690 Vol.19, No. 1 (2021): h.1-9.”
8 “Dimas Veronica Priharti and Mona Laveza Audia, “Analysis of Leadership Style and Teamwork and Their Influence on Employee Performance at Pengaringan Helath Center, Semidang Aji District, Oku Regency,” Jurnal Manajemen Dan Perbankan E-ISSN : 2746-9948 Vol. 8, No. 3 (2021):
h.16-31.”
48
improvements to Islamic educational organizations. 9 An organization will stay still, no improvement and tend to regress without critics and advices.Seventh, a leader needs to habituate Islamic lifestyle to his/her subordinates. 10 Organizational culture can be formed through habits carried out by members of organization. The habits have to be based on the teaching of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
For example, every member of the organization has to say Assalamualaikum when they meet and be civilized when speaking. This kind of habit will create positive environment in the organization, and as the result, every member will be motivated to work. It means a leader have to apply Islamic lifestyle to themselves and to the working environment.
Eighth, a leader must prioritize people interests before his/her own. Service
delivery of an organization can be realized if the organization has a system that prioritize people and society.
11The Quran Surah Al Hasyr verse 9 explains about the importance of prioritizing people. This verse tells about how the Anshar people prioritize the Muhajirin people than themselves. The Anshar were generous and far from miser. Allah assures such people from stinginess.
The characteristics of Islamic economic education are pretty much similar with General Education. However, Islamic economic education stresses more on implementation of Islamic law and the execution. Being a leader in Islamic economic education cannot be separated from the reference of Muslims, which is the characteristics of the leadership of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In Islamic point of view, a leader at least needs to have four characteristics, which are smart, honest, conveying and trustworthy. 12 Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) leadership is known to be wise and just, did more work than talk. If every leadership are held like his examples, there is a big hope that it will runs smoothly, peacefully and every goal of educational organization can be achieved easily.
The Implementation of Leadership in the Management of Islamic Education
9 “Jhuji et.al, “Pengertian, Ruang Lingkup Manajemen, Dan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam,” Jurnal Literasi Pendidikan Nusantara Vol.1, no. 2 (2020): 111–24, http://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/jlpn.”
10 “Oliv Amalia Rahmasari, “Sifat Kepemimpinan Dalam Bisnis Islam,” Jurnal Manajemen Dan
Bisnis Indonesiaan Vol.5, no. 1 (2019): 32–42,
http://jurnal.unmuhjember.ac.id/index.php/JMBI/article/view/2581/2050.”
11 “Yenni, “Peran Pemimin Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik,” Jurnal MENATA (Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam) Vol.3, no. 1 (2020): h.88-107.”
12 Umar Sidiq and Khoirussalim, Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, ed. Ju’subaidi (Surabaya, 2021).
The process of effective and efficient learning is closely related to good management. In the management of Islamic Education, what is used as a benchmark for the learning process is how the leadership is. 13 Islamic economic education taught by Educational Institutions have many constraints, one of them is how to deal with different cultures. Islamic Educational Institutions certainly organize multicultural education where it become a place for students to receive knowledges. It does not matter if they have different backgrounds, cultures and habits. 14Nonetheless, the true value of Islam can advance multicultural education in an institution or in global scale. 15Based on that, in order to administer Islamic economic education that safe and far from conflict, a good management and leadership is needed to organize learning dynamics. The followings are the stages of leadership implementation in the management of Islamic Education:
1. Planning
Planning is the first step in exploring what to do in the future. As a first
step, planning stage is not glued on just one time, but it should be conducted continuously based on the result of evaluation. Evaluation is necessary to do since dynamic changes happen all the time. Planning management also need to regard on many perspectives.
16Planning is also a human effort in endeavouring to live life because no one knows how their life will be.
17Islamic economic education needs a complex management. The type of leadership has to be adjusted to the school’s culture. Authoritarian leadership or pseudo authoritarian leadership are the types of leadership that are not suitable to be implemented in an Islamic educational institution. These types
13 “Fathinahaya Nailatsani et al., “MANAJEMEN KEPEMIMPINAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SEKOLAH INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA,” ARZUSIN : Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pendidikan Dasar p- ISSN:2809-4484 e-ISSN:2809-4093 Vol.1, No. 1 (2021): 1–17.”
14 “P Roland Yohanes, S A, and L Dewi Tika, “The Education of ‘Orang Basudara’: The Development of Multicultural Education in the Higher Education of Maluku Indonesian Christian University and Its Contribution to Maintain Peace in Maluku,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Religion and Public Civilization (ICRPC 2018), 2019, h.26-29, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/icrpc-18.2019.6.”
15 “Normuslim, “Multicultural Education in Indonesia : An Islamic Perspective,” Educational Science: Theory & Practice EISSN: 2148-7561 ISSN: 2630-5984 21, no. 4 (2021): 194–210, https://doi.org/10.12738/jestp.2021.3.0013.”
16 “Ali Miftakhu Rosyad, “Internalization of Character Education Based on Islamic Values to Students at SMK Muhammadiyah Juntinyuat.,” IWOS : Islam In World Perspectives Symposium ISSN:
2747-0865 Vol. 1, no. 1 (2020): h.273-285, http://seminar.uad.ac.id/index.php/iwos.”
17 “Istiqomah and Haryanto, Manajemen Dan Kepemimpian Pendidikan Islam.
50 of leadership make Islamic educational institution become stagnant and difficult to grow. Many things that need to be considered in Islamic economic education leadership management are:
18a. The leader must be transformationally based, in other words, visionary by not putting aside the rights and obligations as a Muslim;
b. Islamic economic education can be a filter from the rapid flow of diverse cultures around.
2. Organizing
Organizing is a stage of relating several components that involved in an
educational institution to rely on one vision, mission and goals that want to be achieved. Someone who is practicing his/her leadership should be able to utilise his/her authority in organizing tasks by dividing them and responsibilities in detail so that synergistic and harmonious cooperation occurs.
19The following are the activities at the organizing stage in the leadership management of Islamic Education
20:
a. There is a division of Islamic educational resources, setting tasks according to their fields, as well as the necessary steps;
b. Creating a line of duties that describes the authorities and responsibilities listed in the organizational structure;
c. Executing recruitment, training and developing Islamic economic education resources based on existing demands;
d. Placing Islamic economic education resources in the right place and position.
3. Actuating
18 “Zaenal Arifin and Moh. Turmudi, “Struktur Bangunan Ilmu Pengetahuan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam,” Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020), https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v1i2.1322.”
19 “M Yani, “Konsep Dasar Karakteristik Kepemimpinan Dalam Pendidikan Islam,” AL- HIKMAH e-ISSN 2656-4327 Vol.3, No. 2 (2021).”
20 “Umar Sidiq and Khorussalim, Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, ed. Juksubaidi (Surabaya: CV.
Nata Karya, 2021).”
Actuating
is activities in actualization of planning and organization concept which has been designed before. A leader must be able to execute programs properly and systematically based on the structure in order to achieve the goals which has been predetermined. The leadership management of Islamic economic education in this stage are
21:
a. A leader conveys explanations and commands clearly to his/her subordinates;
b. Giving clear directions in the implementation processes of Islamic economic education in the school scope;
c. Always up to date about latest knowledges and skills in Education scope;
d. Establishing collaboration with other institutions to see the uniqueness and changes in educational institutions especially Islamic Educations to provide advices or views related to studying and teaching activities that appropriate to be applied;
e. Implementing the AGIL theory (Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration and Latency). This theory is considered as the most suitable theory to be applied in Islamic Educational Institution at this millennial era.
224. Controlling
Controlling is activities to check if the works that has been done are the
same as what has been planned. Controlling activities is necessary to ensure the Islamic economic education proceed properly. If the Islamic educational institution proceed properly, it shows that the leader can manage properly.
Evaluation is conducted continuously to see the quality produced. If there are things that have not been achieved, new planning will be needed so that all goals can be achieved completely. Controlling in Islamic economic education is conducted by:
23a. Investigating the flow of Islamic economic education leadership;
21 Arifin and Turmudi, “Struktur Bangunan Ilmu Pengetahuan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam.”
22 “Hifza et al., “KEPEMIMPINAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM,” NidhomulHaq: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Vol. 5, No. 1 (2020): h.46-61.”
23 Arifin and Turmudi, “Struktur Bangunan Ilmu Pengetahuan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam”
52 b. Studying the ongoing activities and confirming that it is going as planned.
c. Islamic economic education is manage based on the role and function of the activities.
CONCLUSION
Leadership is a person ability to influence people to cooperate to achieve vision that has been formulated. Islamic leadership that currently sought is a leadership that have good morals so that the leader can be exemplary, possess good competencies and healthy, prioritizing discussion, able to cooperate in virtue, can accept critics and advices, habituate the Islamic lifestyle and prioritize people’s interest. In order to operate leadership in the management of Islamic Education, it is necessary to conduct several stages which are planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. If an Islamic Educational institution is led by a person who is able to lead and able to manage properly, then there is a big hope that the educational institution can compete in a global to international scale.
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