1 Safety of Vaginal Estrogens: A Systematic Review
Supplemental Tables Page
# Supplemental Table 1. National Library of Medicine’s DAILYMED Repository
Search Results
2 Supplemental Table 2. Contraindications to vaginal estrogens approved by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration
3 Supplemental Table 3. Excluded articles and reasons for exclusion 4 Supplemental Table 4. Study design characteristics of clinical trials of vaginal
estrogen in postmenopausal women
30 Supplemental Table 5. Serum sex steroid, and/or gonadotropin assay methods (and
manufacturer if stated) in clinical trials of vaginal estrogen in postmenopausal women 45 Supplemental Table 6. Endometrial biopsy results in clinical trials of vaginal estrogen in postmenopausal women
52 Supplemental Table 7a. Summary of Heterogeneity of Level 1 Studies with
Endometrial Biopsy Outcomes
55 Supplemental Table 7b. Summary of Heterogeneity of Level 2 Studies with
Endometrial Biopsy Outcomes
55 Supplemental Table 7c. Summary of Heterogeneity of Level 1 Studies with
Endometrial Thickness Outcomes
56 Supplemental Table 7d. Summary of Heterogeneity of Level 2 Studies with
Endometrial Thickness Outcomes
57
Bibliography 58
2 Supplemental Table 1. National Library of Medicine’s DAILYMED Repository Search Resultsa
Retrieved result for non-injectable preparation of estrogen alone (without other hormones)
Vaginal route confirmed after review of label
Alora estradiol transdermal system patch No
Climara estradiol patch No
Divigel estradiol gel No
Dotti estradiol patch extended release No
Elestrin estradiol gel No
Estra-50 estradiol pellet, implantable No
Estrace estradiol cream 0.01% Yes
Estrace estradiol tablet No
Estraderm estradiol patch No
Estradiol cream 0.01% Yes
Estradiol film, extended release No
Estradiol insert, 10mcg estradiol per insert Yes
Estradiol patch No
Estradiol tablet No
Estradiol transdermal system estradiol patch No
Estradiol vaginal cream 0.01% Yes
Estradiol vaginal inserts estradiol tablet film-coated, 10mcg estradiol
Yes Estring estradiol ring 2 mg releasing 7.5 mcg/d Yes
Estrogel estradiol gel No
Evamist estradiol spray No
Femring estradiol acetate ring Yes
Imvexxy estradiol insert 10mcg estradiol per insert Yes
Menostar estradiol patch No
Minivelle estradiol film No
Premarin conjugated estrogens tablet No
Premarin vaginal conjugated estrogens cream Yes Vagifem estradiol insert, film-coated, 10mcg or 25 mcg
estradiol per insert
Yes
Vivelle dot estradiol patch No
Yuvafem estradiol tablet 10mcg estradiol per tablet Yes
a Note: To ensure that the list of estrogen preparations used as search terms was inclusive of all U.S. FDA-approved vaginal estrogen preparations, we performed a search of the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s DAILYMED webpage (https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm) “estrogen” drug class on 3/8/2019. The search revealed vaginal estrogens in the form of estradiol cream, estradiol insert (also known as estradiol vaginal tablet), estradiol ring, and conjugated equine estrogens cream.
3 Supplemental Table 2. Contraindications to vaginal estrogens approved by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration
Preparation Contraindications
Vaginal conjugated estrogens cream, estradiol cream, vaginal estradiol insert (tablet)
• Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding,
• known, suspected, or history of breast cancer
• known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia
• active deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or a history of these conditions
• active arterial thromboembolic disease (for example, stroke and myocardial infarction), or a history of these conditions
• known liver dysfunction or disease
• known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency or other known thrombophilic disordersa
• known or suspected pregnancyb
a known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency or other known thrombophilic disorders is not listed as a contraindication of the estradiol vaginal ring (Estring)
b Known or suspected pregnancy is not listed as a contraindication of Imvexxy vaginal estradiol insert.
4 Supplemental Table 3. Excluded Articles and Reasons for Exclusion
Ref.
#
Author, year Reason for
exclusion after title/abstract
search
Reason for exclusion after full-text search
1 1972 Eur J Cancer Not VE
2 1989 Contraception Special pop
3 1991 Fertil Steril Not VE
4 1993 Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud
Not VE
5 Abate 1999 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
6 Abdalla 1992 Contraception Special pop
7 Abdel-Aleem 2005 Contraception
Not VE
8 Abdelbary 2015 Urology Excluded after full- text search
No AE
9 Abdullah 2005 J Coll Physicians Surg Pak
Not VE
10 Abraham 2014 Maturitas Not VE
11 Achiron 1995 Fertil Steril Not VE
12 Adler 2005 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Not VE
13 Affinito 1998 Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
14 Agarwal 2016 J Obstet Gynaecol
Special pop
15 Aguirre 2010 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
16 Ahlstrom 1990 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Not FDA app prep
17 AinMelk 1996 Fertil Steril Not VE
18 Akrivis 2003 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
I
19 Al-Azzawi 2003 Climacteric Hi dose VE
20 Al-Azzawi 2005 Menopause Excluded after full- text search
Not VE Alone
21 Albert 2002 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
22 Albertazzi 1999 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
23 Algorta 2017 Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care
Special pop
24 Al-Saqi 2015 Post Reprod Health
Not VE
25 Alvarez 1996 Contraception Not VE
26 Alvarez-Sanchez 1992 Contraception
Special pop
27 Anderson 2003 JAMA Not VE
28 Andersson 2000 Maturitas Not VE
5
29 Andreen 2003 Eur J Endocrinol Not VE
30 Andreen 2005
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Not VE
31 Apperloo 2006 J Sex Med Not VE
32 Apter 1990 Contraception Special
33 Apter 2016 Contraception Not VE
34 Archer 2017 Menopause I
35 Archer 2001 Fertil Steril Not VE
36 Archer 2007 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
37 Archer 2018 J Womens Health (Larchmt)
Excluded after full- text search
Not FDA app prep
38 Archer 2012 Menopause Not VE
39 Archer 2014 Menopause Not VE
40 Archer 2016 Contraception Special
41 Artini 1995 J Endocrinol Invest
Special
42 Artymuk 2010 Int J Gynaecol Obstet
Special
43 Ata 2010 J Reprod Med Special
44 Atmaca 2005 Tohoku J Exp Med Not VE Alone
45 Aylward 1974 Curr Med Res Opin
Not VE
46 Aylward 1978 Postgrad Med J Not VE
47 Ayton 1996 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
I
48 Bachmann 2010 Climacteric Not VE
49 Bachmann 2009 Menopause I
50 Bachmann 2011 Menopause Not VE
51 Bachmann 2008 Obstet Gynecol I
52 Bachmann 2010 Menopause Not VE
53 Bachmann 2009 Menopause Not VE
54 Back 1987 Contraception Special
55 Baerug 1998 Climacteric Not VE
56 Bahamondes 1995 Hum Reprod Not VE
57 Bahamondes 2000 Contraception
Not VE
58 Bai 2007 Maturitas Not VE
59 Baird 1995 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
60 Baird 1996 J Clin Epidemiol Not VE
61 Baker 1995 J Assist Reprod Genet
Not VE
62 Baker 1998 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
63 Balasch 1982 Fertil Steril Not VE
6
64 Balk 2002 J Soc Gynecol Investig
Not VE
65 Ballagh 1994 Contraception Special
66 Ballagh 1994 Contraception Special
67 Baracat 2001 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
68 Barbosa 2009 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
69 Barentsen 1997 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
I
70 Barnabei 2005 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
71 Barnabei 2002 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
72 Barton 2018 Support Care Cance
Not VE
73 Barton 2018 Support Care Cance
Not VE
74 Bassol 2005 Maturitas Not VE
75 Basson 2003 BJOG Not VE
76 Bateson 2009 Menopause Excluded after full- text search
No AE
77 Battaglia 2009 J Sex Med Not VE
78 Baysoy 2006 Reprod Biomed Online
Not VE
79 Beardsworth 1999 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
80 Beaton 1967 Br J Clin Pract Not VE
81 Behilovic 1987 Contraception Not VE
82 Behre 2001 J Int Med Res Not VE
83 Bellantoni 1991 J Gerontol Not VE
84 Bellina 1983 Lasers Surg Med Not VE
85 Belsey 1988 Contraception Special
86 Ben-Chetrit 1996 Fertil Steril Not VE
87 Ben-Chetrit 2005 Isr Med Assoc J
Not FDA app prep
88 Benjamin 1971 J Reprod Med Not VE
89 Benson 1996 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
90 Berger 1979 Contraception Not VE
91 Berning 2000 Maturitas Not VE
92 Bhamra 2011 Menopause Not FDA app prep
93 Bishop 1992 Cancer Chemother Pharmacol
Not VE
94 Bishun 1977 J Surg Oncol Not VE
95 Bjarnadottir 2002 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Special
96 Blakely 2004 Clin Cancer Res Not VE
97 Bolaji 1996 Gynecol Endocrinol Not VE
7
98 Bolognese 2009 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
99 Bonneterre 2001 Cancer Not VE
100 Bonneterre 2000 J Clin Oncol Not VE
101 Boon 2003 Maturitas Not VE
102 Botsis 1997 Maturitas I
103 Bottiglione 1995 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
104 Bouchard 2015 Climacteric Not VE
105 Bouchard 2016 Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig
Not VE
106 Brache 2007 Contraception Not VE
107 Brache 2000 Contraception Not VE
108 Brache 2001 Contraception Not VE
109 Breast International Group 2005 N Engl J Med
Not VE
110 Brenner 1988 Obstet Gynecol Not Original
111 Brezina 2012 Reprod Biol Endocrinol
Special
112 Brinsmead 1989 J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf
Special
113 Bronstein 1967 Int J Fertil Not VE
114 Brown 2001 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
115 Bruce 2004 Climacteric Not VE
116 Bruhat 2001 Maturitas Not VE
117 Bruni 2008 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Not VE
118 Brunner 2010 Menopause Not VE
119 Bruyniks 2016 Climacteric Not VE
120 Brys 2009 Sao Paulo Med J Not FDA app prep
121 Brzyski 1992 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
122 Buckler 2003 BJOG Hi Dose VE
123 Burch 1995 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
124 Buzdar 2001 J Clin Oncol Not VE
125 Bygdeman 1996 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
126 Cagnacci 1992 Life Sci Not VE
127 Cagnacci 1999 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
128 Campbell 1977 Clin Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
129 Cano 2012 Menopause Not FDA app prep
130 Cano 1999 Fertil Steril Not VE
131 Carmignani 2010 Maturitas Not VE
132 Carmignani 2015 Menopause Not VE
133 Carr 1995 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
134 Carranza-Lira 2007 Int J Fertil Womens Med
Not VE
8
135 Carranza-Lira 2004 Int J Fertil Womens Med
Not VE
136 Caruso 2004 Contraception Not VE
137 Caruso 2017 Menopause Not FDA app prep
138 Caruso 2000 Fertil Steril Not VE
139 Casanas-Roux 1996 Hum Reprod
Not VE
140 Casanova 2015 Climacteric Not VE
141 Casanova 2009 Fertil Steril Not VE
142 Casanova 2012 Lipids Health Dis
Not VE
143 Casper 1999 Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct
I
144 Castellani 2015 Urol Int Not FDA app prep
145 Cayan 2008 J Sex Med Excluded after full- text search
No AE
146 Ceyhan 2008 Fertil Steril Not VE
147 Chaikittisilpa 2011 J Med Assoc Thai
Not VE
148 Checa 2005 Maturitas Not VE
149 Check 2004 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
Special
150 Chen 2013 J Sex Med Not FDA app prep
151 Chen 2019 J Coll Physicians Surg Pak
Not FDA app prep
152 Chiechi 2003 Maturitas Not VE
153 Chlebowski 2004 N Engl J Med Not VE
154 Choavaratana 2004 J Med Assoc Thai
Not VE
155 Choktanasiri 1996 Int J Gynaecol Obstet
Not VE
156 Chollet 2009 Menopause Not FDA app prep
157 Chompootaweep 1998 Clin Pharmacol Ther.
Excluded after full- text search
No AE
158 Christensen 1982 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
159 Chughtai 2016 Post Reprod Health
Excluded after full- text search
Not VE Alone
160 Chung 2007 Yonsei Med J Not VE
161 Cicinelli 1996 Fertil Steril Not VE
162 Cicinelli 2004 Fertil Steril Excluded after full- text search
No AE
163 Cicinelli 2003 Am J Obstet Gynecol
I
164 Cicinelli 1993 Maturitas Not VE
165 Cicinelli 2007 Fertil Steril Not VE
166 Civelli 2007 Br J Clin Pharmacol
Not VE
9
167 Clisham 1992 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
168 Coates 2007 J Clin Oncol Not VE
169 Cobo 1999 Hum Reprod Not VE
170 Cochrane 1997 Hum Reprod Not VE
171 Coelingh 2016 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
172 Colli 2012 J Med Food Not VE
173 Colodner 2003 Isr Med Assoc J. Not VE
174 Combs 2014 Am J Perinatol Not VE
175 Conner 2001 Climacteric Hi dose
176 Constantine 2014 J Sex Med Not VE
177 Constantine 2015 Climacteric Not VE
178 Constantine 2017 J Womens Health (Larchmt)
I
179 Constantine 2015 Menopause Not VE
180 Constantine 2017 Menopause Excluded after full- text search
No AE
181 Coope 1976 Postgrad Med J Not VE
182 Coope 1975 Br Med J Not VE
183 Corenthal 1994 Fertil Steril Not VE
184 Costantino 2008 Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
Not VE
185 Coutinho 1984 Fertil Steril Special
186 Coutinho 1993 Clin Pharmacol Ther
Special
187 Coutinho 1993 Clin Pharmacol Ther
Special
188 Coutinho 1995 Contraception Special
189 Couzinet 1992 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
190 Crisafulli 2004 Menopause Not VE
191 Croxatto 2006 Contraception Special
192 Crucitti 2018 PLoS One Special
193 Cruz 2018 Menopause Not FDA app prep
194 Cullberg 1984 Contraception Not VE
195 Cummings 2002 Menopause Not VE
196 Cuong 1996 Contraception Special
197 Dahiya 2016 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Not VE alone
198 Dalais 1998 Climacteric Not VE
199 Darney 1992 Fertil Steril Not VE
200 Davies 1999 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
201 Davies 1999 Menopause Not VE
202 Day 2001 Ann N Y Acad Sci Not VE
203 de Ziegler 1992 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
204 de Ziegler 2000 Hum Reprod Not VE
10
205 Dehbashi 2003 Int J Gynaecol Obstet
Not VE
206 Del Pup 2012 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
207 Delmanto 2008 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Not VE
208 Delmas 1996 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Not VE
209 Delmas 1997 N Engl J Med Not VE
210 Dempsey 2010 Contraception Special
211 Dennerstein 1980 Maturitas Not VE
212 Deshmane 2007 J Clin Oncol Not VE
213 Devenport 1989 Br J Clin Pharmacol
Not VE
214 Devoto 1997 Hum Reprod Not VE
215 Di Carlo 2005 Menopause Not VE
216 Di Carlo 2010 Climacteric Not VE
217 Diaz 1999 Hum Reprod Special
218 Dickerson 1979 Clin Pharmacol Ther
I
219 Dickey 1995 Hum Reprod Not VE
220 Dieben 2002 Obstet Gynecol Special
221 Diem 2006 Menopause Not VE
222 Dietz 2013 Int Urogynecol J Not VE
223 Ditkoff 1991 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
224 Dogterom 2005 Clin Pharmacokinet
Special
225 Donders 2014 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not FDA app prep
226 Donnez 2003 Fertil Steril Not VE
227 Doren 1999 Menopause Not VE
228 Dorr 2010 Fertil Steril I
229 Dragonas 2007 Eur J Med Res Not VE
230 Duffy 1995 Fertil Steril Not VE
231 Dugal 2000 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
I
232 Duijkers 2004 Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care
Special
233 Duijkers 2018 Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care
Special
234 Duijkers 2004 Hum Reprod Special
235 Duijkers 1993 Hum Reprod Not VE
236 Duijkers 2004 Hum Reprod Special
237 Duncan 1999 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
238 Dyer 1982 Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)
Excluded after full- text search
No AE
11
239 Eagleson 2000 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
240 Egarter 1996 Maturitas Not VE
241 Egarter 1995 Contraception Special
242 Ekin 2011 Arch Gynecol Obstet Excluded after full- text search
No AE
243 el-Damarawy 1977 Prostaglandins
Not VE
244 Elfituri 2005 Maturitas Not VE
245 el-Habashy 1970 Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
246 Elkind-Hirsch 2005 Curr Med Res Opin
Not VE
247 Elkind-Hirsch 2007 Contraception
Special
248 Elkind-Hirsch 2002 Hum Reprod
Special
249 Ellington 2016 Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg
I
250 Ellmen 2003 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not VE
251 Elomaa 2001 Hum Reprod Special
252 Engmann 2008 Fertil Steril Special
253 Epstein 2001 Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
254 Eriksen 1999 Am J Obstet Gynecol
I
255 Eriksen 1992 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Excluded after full- text search
No AE
256 Ettinger 1997 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
257 Ettinger 1999 JAMA Not VE
258 Ettinger 2008 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
259 Ettinger 2001 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
260 Eugster 2003 J Pediatr Not VE
261 Eugster-Hausmann 2010 Climacteric
I
262 Exton 1999 Psychosom Med Not VE
263 Fahy 19995 Hum Reprod Not VE
264 Fallowfield 2012 Br J Cancer Not VE
265 Fanchin 1997 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
266 Fanchin 2001 Fertil Steril Not VE
267 Fanchin 2001 Fertil Steril Special
268 Fantl 1996 Am J Obstet Gynecol Not VE
269 Farag 2002 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
270 Fatemi 2007 Hum Reprod Not VE
271 Fatemi 2007 Fertil Steril Not VE
12
272 Fatemi 2006 Hum Reprod Not VE
273 Faundes 1998 Hum Reprod Special
274 Fedele 1993 Fertil Steril Not VE
275 Felding 1992 Maturitas I
276 Fernandes 2016 Menopause I
277 Fernandes 2014 J Sex Med Excluded after full- text search
No AE
278 Ferrero 2002 Minerva Ginecol Not VE
279 Ferrero 2013 Arch Gynecol Obstet
Not VE
280 Feuillan 2007 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
281 Ficicioglu 2004 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
282 Florio 2012 Steroids Not VE
283 Foster 1999 Obstet Gynecol Excluded after full- text search
No AE
284 Franke 2006 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
285 Fraser 1989 Maturitas Not VE
286 Fraser 1995 Maturitas Excluded after full- text search
Not Original
287 Fraser 2000 Contraception Special
288 Fraser 2005 Contraception Special
289 Fredricsson 1989 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Not VE
290 Freedman 2009 Menopause Not FDA app prep
291 Friedler 2006 Reprod Biomed Online
Not VE
292 Friedler 1999 Hum Reprod Special
293 Friedrich 1998 Eur J Gynaecol Oncol
Not VE
294 Frigo 1995 Maturitas Not VE
295 Fuertes-de 1973 J Reprod Med Special
296 Gabrielsson 1996 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl
Excluded after full- text search
Not Original
297 Galhardo 2006 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
Excluded after full- text search
Not VE
298 Galuppi 2011 Int J Gynecol Cancer
Not VE
299 Ganz 2000 J Natl Cancer Inst Not VE
300 Garcia 1968 Int J Fertil Not VE
301 Gass 2004 Maturitas Not VE
302 Gass 2018 Menopause Not VE
303 Gast 2009 Menopause Excluded after full- text search
Not VE Alone
304 Gazvani 2012 Trials Not VE
305 Gerber 2000 J Clin Oncol Not VE
13
306 Gerhard 1987 Biol Res Pregnancy Perinatol
Not VE
307 Gerhard 1992 Clin Ther Not VE
308 Gerhard 1998 Circulation Not VE
309 Gilboa 2005 Reprod Biomed Online
Not VE
310 Ginsburg 1995 Maturitas Not VE
311 Glaser 2008 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Not VE Alone
312 Glasier 2002 Fertil Steril Not VE
313 Glazener 1985 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
314 Glock 1995 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
315 Gocmen 2002 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
316 Goetsch 2014 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
317 Goetsch 2015 J Clin Oncol Not VE
318 Goldstein 2012 Menopause Not VE
319 Goldstein 2002 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
320 Goldstein 2011 Menopause Not VE
321 Goldzieher 1975 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Special
322 Goni 1994 Hum Reprod Not VE
323 Good 1996 Clin Ther Not VE
324 Good 1999 Climacteric Not VE
325 Gorkemli 2004 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Not VE
326 Goss 1995 Clin Cancer Res Not VE
327 Goss 2003 N Engl J Med Not VE
328 Granese 2007 Ginecol Not VE
329 Graser 2000 Climacteric Not VE
330 Grigoryan 2008 Gynecol Endocrinol
Special
331 Grimes 1994 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
332 Grodnitskaya 2010 Gynecol Endocrinol
Special
333 Grubb 1989 Fertil Steril Not VE
334 Guerriero 2001 Menopause Not VE
335 Guida 2005 Hum Reprod Special
336 Gupta 2008 Menopause I
337 Haas 1988 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
338 Haimov-Kochman 2006 Menopause
Not VE
339 Haines 2009 Climacteric Not VE
340 Hall 2002 Fertil Steril Excluded after full- text search
Hi dose VE
341 Halmesmaki 2007 BJOG Not VE
14
342 Hamilton 1993 Fertil Steril Not VE
343 Hamm 1991 J Clin Oncol Not VE
344 Hammar 1998 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
345 Hammar 2007 BJOG Not VE
346 Hammond 1979 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
347 Hampton 2005 Hum Reprod Not VE
348 Hanifi-Moghaddam 2007 J Mol Med (Berl)
Not VE
349 Hanifi-Moghaddam 2008 Hum Reprod
Not VE
350 Haring 2003 Contraception Special
351 Hedrick 2009 Menopause Not VE
352 Heimer 1992 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
353 Henderson 2016 Neurology Not VE
354 Henriksson 1994 Am J Obstet Gynecol
I
355 Henriksson 1996 Am J Obstet Gynecol
I
356 Herbst 1980 J Reprod Med Not VE
357 Hernandez-Torres 1970 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
358 Hickey 2016 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not VE
359 Hickok 1993 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
360 Hilbert 2001 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
361 Hilton 1983 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
I
362 Hirata 1997 Fertil Steril Not VE
363 Hirvonen 2000 Climacteric Not VE
364 Hodis 2016 N Engl J Med Not VE
365 Holli 2000 J Clin Oncol Not VE
366 Holmgren 1989 Maturitas I
367 Homesley 1993 Am J Clin Oncol
Not VE
368 Honjo 2009 Climacteric Not VE
369 Honkanen 2005 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
Not VE
370 Hovik 1989 Maturitas Not VE
371 Howell 1996 Br J Cancer Not VE
372 Huang 2008 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
373 Huang 2008 Arch Intern Med Not VE
374 Huber 2002 BJOG Not VE
375 Hudita 2003 Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
Not VE
376 Humaidan 2005 Hum Reprod Not VE
15
377 Hundley 2005 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
378 Hupperets 1993 Ann Oncol Not VE
379 Hurd 1996 Fertil Steril Not VE
380 Hurst 2008 J Reprod Med I
381 Illston 2015 Maturitas I
382 Ismail 2016 Hum Fertil (Camb) Not VE
383 Ito 2006 J Sex Marital Ther Not VE
384 Iwase 2013 Br J Cancer Not VE
385 Jackson 1989 Contraception Special
386 Jackson 2002 BJOG Not VE
387 Jain 1999 Contraception Not VE
388 Jaisamrarn 2001 J Med Assoc Thai
Not VE
389 Jaschevatzky 1979 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
Not VE
390 Jensen 1987 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
391 Jensen 187 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
392 Jensen 1989 Maturitas Not VE
393 Jewelewicz 1971 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
394 Jiang 2016 Menopause Not VE alone
395 Johannisson 1988 Maturitas Not VE
396 Johnson 2005 Not VE
397 Jolly 2003 Menopause Not VE
398 Jonasson 2011 Menopause Not VE
399 Judd 1987 Am J Obstet Gynecol Not VE
400 Kaari 2006 Maturitas Not VE
401 Kagan 2018 Postgrad Med Not VE
402 Kagan 2010 Menopause Not VE
403 Kalogeropoulos 2004 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
404 Kalogirou 1996 Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud
Not VE alone
405 Karp 2012 Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg
Special
406 Kauppila 1988 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Not VE
407 Kazerooni 2004 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
408 Ke 2015 Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig
Not VE
409 Ke 2015 J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Not VE
410 Kedzia 2000 Eur J Gynaecol Oncol
Not VE
16
411 Keskin 2012 J Minim Invasive Gynecol
Not VE
412 Kessel 2003 Climacteric Excluded after full- text search
Not VE Alone
413 Kestelyn 2018 PLoS One Special
414 Killick 1998 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
415 Kingsberg 2016 J Sex Med Excluded after full- text search
No AE
416 Kingsberg 2017 Menopause Excluded after full- text search
No AE
417 Kives 2005 Contraception Special
418 Knight 1999 Climacteric Not VE
419 Knight 2001 Climacteric Not VE
420 Kobata 2008 Maturitas Excluded after full- text search
No AE
421 Koetsawang 1990 Contraception Special
422 Kohler 1990 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not VE
423 Kokcu 2000 Maturitas Not VE
424 Kolibianakis 2005 Hum Reprod Not VE
425 Komi 2006 J Bone Miner Metab Not VE
426 Komi 2005 Menopause Not VE
427 Kornafel 1992 South Med J Not VE
428 Koskimies 2013 Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther
Not VE
429 Koss 1995 J Cell Biochem Suppl Not VE
430 Kotsopoulos 2000 Climacteric Not VE
431 Kresanov 1994 Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl
Not VE
432 Kroiss 2005 BJOG Not VE
433 Kroll 2018 Menopause Not FDA app. prep.
434 Kunz 2007 Reprod Biomed Online
Not VE
435 Kutlusoy 2014 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
436 Laan 2008 J Sex Med Not VE
437 Labrie 2009 Menopause Not VE
438 Labrie 2009 Menopause Not VE
439 Labrie 2010 Gynecol Endocrinol Not VE
440 Labrie 2009 Menopause Not VE
441 Labrie 2014 J Sex Med Not VE
442 Labrie 2011 Climacteric Not VE
443 Labrie 2008 J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Not VE
444 Labrie 2009 Menopause I
445 Labrie 2017 Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig
Not VE
17
446 Labrie 2013 J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Not VE
447 Lahti 1994 Gynecol Oncol Not VE
448 Lan 2008 Reprod Biomed Online Not VE
449 Landgren 1994 Contraception Not VE
450 Landgren 1985 Contraception Not VE
451 Landgren 1995 Contraception Not VE
452 Landgren 2002 BJOG Not VE
453 Landgren 2005 Maturitas Not VE
454 Langer 2006 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
455 Langrish 2009 Hypertension Not VE
456 Lara 2014 Tissue Cell Not VE
457 Larmo 2014 Maturitas Not VE
458 Larmon 2002 J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med
Special
459 Ledee-Bataille 2002 Hum Reprod
Special
460 Lee 2007 Maturitas Not VE
461 Lee 2013 Hum Reprod Not VE
462 Lee 2012 Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
463 Lee 2017 Hum Reprod Not VE
464 Leeton 1973 Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
465 Legro 2008 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Not VE
466 Lemay 1988 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
467 Leone 2014 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
Special
468 Leonetti 2005 Altern Ther Health Med
Not VE
469 Leslie 2007 Appl
Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
Not VE
470 Lete 1997 Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care
Not VE
471 Leung 2005 Clin Pediatr (Phila) Special
472 Levis 2010 Contemp Clin Trials Not VE
473 Levis 2011 Arch Intern Med Not VE
474 Lewin 2002 Gynecol Endocrinol Not VE
475 Liang 2006 J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci
Not VE
476 Liapis 2010 Maturitas Special
477 Lightman 1999 Hum Reprod Not VE
478 Lima 2014 Maturitas Not VE
479 Lima 2013 Maturitas I
480 Lin 2011 Climacteric Not VE
18
481 Lin 1973 Obstet Gynecol Excluded after full- text search
Not VE
482 Lind 1979 Br J Obstet Gynaecol Not VE
483 Lindgren 1992 Maturitas Not VE
484 Lindsay 2002 JAMA Not VE
485 Lippuner 1997 J Bone Miner Res
Not VE
486 Liske 2002 J Womens Health Gend Based Med
Not VE
487 Liu 2009 J Altern Complement Med
Not VE
488 Lobo 2009 Fertil Steril Not VE
489 Long 2006 Fertil Steril I
490 Long 2006 Menopause I
491 Loprinzi 1997 J Clin Oncol Not VE
492 Lose 2000 BJOG I
493 Ludwig 2001 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
Not VE
494 Luisi 2009 Fertil Steril Not VE
495 MacDonald 1972 Obstet Gynecol
Special
496 MacLennan 1981 Obstet Gynecol
Special
497 Maenpaa 1990 J Steroid Biochem
Not VE
498 Magann 1995 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Special
499 Magnusdottir 2004 Contraception
Special
500 Mainini 2005 Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
I
501 Makkar 2014 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Special
502 Malik 2016 Arch Gynecol Obstet Not VE
503 Manonai 2004 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Excluded after full- text search
Not VE
504 Manonai 2006 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
I
505 Manonai 2001 J Obstet Gynaecol Res
I
506 Mansel 2007 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not VE
507 Manuck 2016 Am J Obstet Gynecol
Not VE
508 Marsden 2000 Fertil Steril Not VE
509 Martin 1998 Contraception Not VE
510 Martinez 2006 Hum Reprod Special
511 Martinez 2000 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
19
512 Martinez 1998 Contraception Not VE
513 Marttunen 2001 Br J Cancer Not VE
514 Marx 2004 Maturitas Not FDA app prep
515 Massai 2005 Hum Reprod Special
516 Massaro 2010 Contraception Special
517 Matorras 2002 Hum Reprod Not VE
518 Matorras 2000 Hum Reprod Not VE
519 Mattsson 1989 Maturitas I
520 McArthur 1993 Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)
Not VE
521 Melis 1995 Fertil Steril Not VE
522 Melis 1992 J Endocrinol Invest Not VE
523 Melisko 2017 JAMA Oncol Special
524 Mercuro 1999 Am J Cardiol Not VE
525 Merz 2010 Am Heart J Not VE
526 Mettler 1991 Maturitas I
527 Meyer 1995 S Afr Med J Not VE
528 Michael 1970 J Gerontol Excluded after full- text search
No AE
529 Mikkelsen 1995 Gynecol Obstet Invest
Special
530 Mikkelsen 2000 Hum Reprod Not VE
531 Miller 2005 Obstet Gynecol Special
532 Mirkin 2013 Climacteric Not VE
533 Mirkin 2016 J Womens Health (Larchmt)
Not VE
534 Mishell 1998 Contraception Not VE
535 Mitchell 2018 JAMA Intern Med
I
536 Mitchell 2017 Menopause Not VE
537 Mochtar 1996 Hum Reprod Not VE
538 Mochtar 2006 Hum Reprod Not VE
539 Moghissi 1998 Fertil Steril Not VE
540 Molander 1993 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl
Not VE
541 Molander 1990 Maturitas Not VE
542 Morales 2004 Anticancer Drugs Not VE
543 Morales 2009 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not VE
544 Morali 2006
Arzneimittelforschung
Not VE
545 Morgan 2007 Maturitas Not VE
546 Mortimer 1999 J Clin Oncol Not VE
547 Mozzanega 2007 Gynecol Endocrinol
Not VE
548 Mulders 2001 Fertil Steril Special
549 Mulders 2002 Hum Reprod Special
20
550 Murina 2016 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Not FDA app prep
551 Murkies 1995 Maturitas Not VE
552 Nabholtz 2003 Eur J Cancer Not VE
553 Nabholtz 2000 J Clin Oncol Not VE
554 Nachtigall 1994 Fertil Steril I
555 Nachtigall 1995 Maturitas I
556 Naessen 1997 Am J Obstet Gynecol
I
557 Naessen 2002 Am J Obstet Gynecol
I
558 Naessen 2001 J Clin Endocrinol Metab
I
559 Nand 1998 Climacteric Not VE
560 Nand 1998 Obstet Gynecol Not VE
561 Nand 1995 Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
562 Nankin 1986 Fertil Steril Not VE
563 Nappi 2006 Maturitas Not VE
564 Nappi 2015 Climacteric Not VE
565 Narvekar 2007 Contraception Not VE
566 Nash 1999 Am J Obstet Gynecol Hi dose VE
567 Nathorst-Boos 1993 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
Not VE
568 Navarro 2003 Maturitas Not VE
569 Nelken 2011 Menopause I
570 Neven 2003 BJOG Not VE
571 Ng 2007 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Not VE
572 Nijland 2009 Climacteric Not VE
573 Nijland 2007 Maturitas Not VE
574 Nikander 2005 Fertil Steril Not VE
575 Nilsson 1992 Maturitas I
576 Noe 2010 Climacteric Not VE
577 Noh 2016 J Med Food Not VE
578 Norman 2011 Reprod Sci Not VE
579 Notelovitz 1995 Maturitas Not VE
580 Notelovitz 2002 Obstet Gynecol I
581 Notelovitz 2000 Menopause Not VE
582 Novak 2003 Contraception Special
583 Nummi 1978 Curr Med Res Opin
Not VE
584 Nunes 2011 Climacteric Not VE
585 O'Brien 1996 Br J Cancer Not VE
586 O'Connell 2005 Contraception Special
587 Odabasi 2007 J Postgrad Med Not VE
588 Oddsson 2005 Hum Reprod Special
21
589 O'Donnell 2012 Hum Reprod Not VE
590 Oppegaard 2008 BJOG Special
591 Oppegaard 2010 BJOG Special
592 Osmanagaoglu 2006 Climacteric Not VE
593 Ouslander 1999 J Am Geriatr Soc
I
594 Ouslander 2001 J Am Geriatr Soc
Not VE
595 Padayachi 1989 S Afr Med J Not VE
596 Padwick 1986 Br J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
597 Pafumi 2002 Minerva Ginecol Not VE
598 Palacios 2016 Climacteric Not VE
599 Palacios 2005 Maturitas Excluded after full- text search
Not VE Alone
600 Palva 2013 Eur J Cancer Not VE
601 Panay 2007 Climacteric Not VE
602 Parker 1994 Pediatr Res Not VE
603 Parker 1980 Contraception Not VE
604 Parkinson 2011 Parkinsonism Relat Disord
Not VE
605 Parsons 2003 Obstet Gynecol Excluded after full- text search
Not VE Alone
606 Pasquale 1997 Fertil Steril Not VE
607 Pattison 1989 Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol
Not VE
608 Peethambaram 1999 Breast Cancer Res Treat
Not VE
609 Pentikis 2017 Adv Ther Not VE
610 Perovic 1975
Arzneimittelforschung
Not FDA app prep
611 Petri 2004 Maturitas Not VE
612 Petta 1998 Fertil Steril Not VE
613 Petta 2001 Fertil Steril Not VE
614 Pfeiler 2011 Climacteric Not FDA app prep
615 Piccoli 2008 Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
Special
616 Pickar 2016 Climacteric I
617 Pickar 2016 Menopause I
618 Pinelli 1996 Gynecol Oncol Not VE
619 Pinkerton 2016 Menopause Not VE
620 Pinkerton 2017 Menopause Not VE
621 Pinkerton 2017 Maturitas Not VE
622 Pinkerton 2016 Menopause Not VE
623 Pinkerton 2003 Menopause I
