directive speech act

Based on the reasons above, the writer is really interested in conducting the study, especially directive speech act and politeness strategies. Hence, the writer constructs it entitled “THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN FUADI’S NOVEL “THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS” (2011): A PRAGMATIC STUDY”.

This is to certify that I myself write this thesis, entitled “The Directive Speech Act Used by the Characters in Fuadi’s Novel ‘The Land of Five Towers’ (2011): a Pragmatic Study. It is not plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to others’ work is written in quotation, the source of which is listed on the bibliography.

CHINTYA WIDI TAMARA, Directive Speech Act Realization in The Teaching and Learning at Magister of Language Studies Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2014. Thesis, Surakarta, Post-Graduate Program of Language Study Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2015

Studies with the pragmatic approach to directive speech are quite common, considering the signiicance of knowing the appropriate use of these forms. Among them is Rahardi (2000), whose research discusses formal form, pragmatic form, and imperative politeness elements mainly focused on Indonesian language. Study with Javanese language as its object was conducted by Widada (1999) who divided directive discourses based on the type of use. Meanwhile, Solichan (2006) in his research explained various realizations in the use of directive speech act realized in the form of declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamative sentences. Those four sentences are realized in sentences that have their own characteristics and meanings. Both studies on directive speech act used the Javanese language that is commonly used daily as the object of their research, whereas tembang dolanan uses

This research studies the linguistic forms, types of directive speech act and the intention of directive speech act. The object of this research is the directive speech act in the movie The Legend of Hercules. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research.

The second researcher is conducted by Lidya Oktoberia (2012) entitled “Directive Speech Acts Used in Harry Potter the Deathly Hallow and Bride wars Movie Script”. In her research she took two kind of movie that is Harry Potter the Deathly Hallow and Bride wars Movie Script. She wants to compare of directive speech both of that movie. She found commanding speech act in the fiction movie. The domination of directive speech act is commanding.

The directive speech act has been widely examined in pragmatic research. For instance, Qadir and Riloff (2011) in their research entitled “Classifying Sentences as Speech Act in Message Board Posts” analyze the directive speech act which is used in message board posts. Other study investigated directive speech act is Moessner (2010) in his research entitled “Directive Speech Acts: a Cross-generic Diachronic Study”. It investigates directive speech act in a corpus of Early Modern English and Present-day English written text from legal, religious and scientific discourse. Beside those previous studies, Oktoberia (2012) also analyzes the directive speech act used in movie scripts. The findings show that the dominant types of directive speech act in fiction film are command and request. Another research was conducted by Martinez (2011) which aims at describing the linguistic parameters of illocutionary constructions within the scope of the Lexical-Constructional Model. In this work, he explains the semantic and pragmatic base of a number of illocutionary constructions performing the speech acts of requesting and begging. This analysis attempts to reveal the formal differences in the constructions in relation to their illocutionary meaning.

ALHAMDUILLAHIRABIL ‘ALAMIN, In the name of ALLAH SWT , the most courageous and merciful, I would to say thank to ALLAH SWT the almightily for grace and blessing for the writer in making this reserch paper to fulfill one of requirement for getting the bachelor degree in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer accomplishes to finally his research paper entitled: AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT EMPLOYED BY THE CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED WORLD WAR Z

The findings of the research are described in line with the problem statement as follows: first, based on the previous analysis, the finding of the whole data can be summarized in the following description. The writer found 28 data which show descriptive speech acts. In language form or sentence types of directive speech acts, the result of this study show that there are 40 data (36%) categorized as commanding acts, 16 data (14%) categorized as request acts, 4 data (3%) categorized as admonishing act, 20 data (18%) categorized as suggesting acts, 12 data (11%) categorized as urging acts, 12 data (11%) categorized as reminding acts, and 8 data (7%) categorized as reproving acts. There is no data (0%) that categorized as ordering, advising, warning, prohibition, and inviting. Second, the findings research of female utterances show those almost female express direct utterances in the dialog using commanding in every situation. Third, the most data of directive speech acts were delivered by lecturer that uses commanding utterances and for the student, requesting, suggesting, and reminding utterances use in the dialog. The student choose that utterances in the form of politeness attitude when the students ask to the lecturer or the other students. The last, Based on the finding, it can be seen that there is relationship between directive speech act, the utterances said by female and male, the utterances said by lecturer and students, politeness strategies. if the speaker is a lecturer that ask something about what should to do, he/she can use an imperative form functioning as commanding and applies the bald on record as his/her politeness strategy. The relationship between directive speech acts, the utterances said by female and male, the utterances said by lecturer and students, politeness strategies.

In the teaching learning, Speech act is a concept taken from pragmatics. In the classroom, learning of pragmatic meaning of utterances contain imperative for persuading. For e ample: “Let’s make essa together". Speech acts are the basis for the analysis of pragmatic topics such as conversational implicative, presuppositions, principles of politeness, and others. Directive speech act is one of the types of speech acts that the speaker intended hearer to act in accordance with what is intended in speech.

The second research was conducted by Lidya Oktoberia (2012) entitled Directive speech acts used in Harry Potter the deathly Hallow and Bride wars movie manuscript. Here, she compared of directive speech in both movie. She found commanding utterance in the fiction movie is the dominant of directive speech act.

pronunciation, or vocabulary). Nevertheless, we also should notice the socialinguistic competence (when, why, and in what ways to produce language). Blundell, Hinggens, Middlemiss (1982) states that speech situation can be divided into two parts; they are formal and informal situation which are determined by the topic, setting, social relationship and psychological attitude. Therefore, in this study the writer just focus on analysing the language use produced by students in producing command and request in relation to the speech situation.

Conversational Communication Strategies: ConversationalAnalysis of the Member of English Club at English Literature Department University of Bung Hatta.[r]

Language is important aspect which cannot be separated from life to communicate to each other to fulfill her or his own needs. People use language in their speech, either spoken or written. Communication is one way to express of mind, ideas, emotion and feelings. It can also express it by using body or gesture movement, action, signal and sound. if the hearer cannot get the intention of every utterance, it will lead a misunderstanding. A successful communication only can be achieved if the hearer and the speaker are able to understand thoughts, desire and feeling of each other. Yule, (2010: 127) stated that communication depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words in an utterance, but recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances.

A successful communication only can be achieved if the hearer and the speaker are able to understand thoughts, desire and feeling of each other. Yule, (2010: 127) stated that communication depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words in an utterance, but recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances. Some ways to successfully the understanding meaning in communication is by learning about speech acts. Yule (1996:47) proposes that speech acts is performed action via utterance. He claims that performing an action via utterances is commonly given more specific labels, such as complaint, command, apology, invitation, and promise or request. Directives utterance is type of speech acts. Kreidler (1998: 189) states that directive utterance is the utterance which has the intention the speaker tries to get the listener to perform some acts.

Based on Searle‟s c lassification, utterance “ Here’ s my phone number and my car’s here. I could take you home.” is called directive speech act. The utterance is classified as a command which is used to make someone doing something. Hence, the speaker is Skeeter. She comes from the high social class. She is educated woman so that she can produce language by indirect speech. In other word, she can express her wants by indirect way such as she gives a clue in communication for someone else.

This study shows the variety of the language form, the politeness pattern and the implicature of directive speech act in Alice in Wonderland Movie Script (2010). This study also shows that there are close relations between language form and politeness pattern. There are 92,8% nomber data of bald on-record included to imperative sentence. The variants of language forms are: Phrase (1,2%), sentence; Declarative sentence (16,9%), Interrogative sentence (4,8%), and Imperative sentence (77,1%). The politeness pattern: Bald on-record (77,1%), Positive politeness (2,4 %), negative politeness (3,6%), and off-record (16,9%). The imlicature of directive speech act can be divided into: conventional implicature (83,1%), and conversational implicature (16,9%).

as well. She conducted a study entitled An Analysis of Expressive Acts in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Film. The next study written by Lidya Oktoberia from University of Padang entilled Types of Directive Speech Act Used in Harry Potter-The Deathly Hallows and Bride Wars Movie Script. The fourth study is conducted by Hidayati Sholihah (2013) entitled A Pragmatic Analysis of Directive Utterances in Breaking Dawn Part I Movie. The last study is written by Merdana, Seken K, and Adi Jaya Putra N (2013) entitled An Analysis of Speech Acts Produced by Elementary School Teachers and Students to Facilitate Teaching and Learning at Sdn 10 Pringgasela East Lombok.

The result of the study showed that there are 219 utterances containing the illocutionary acts. The writer found 95 utterances or 43.38% from the total data for representative speech act with the speech act verbs used are: state, deny, assert, agree, inform, assure, conclude, report, predict, tell, guess, describe, claim, and remind. Then followed by directive speech act with 49 utterances or 20.37% data, and the speech act verbs used are: suggest, question, ask, beg, and order. Commissive speech act used in 25 utterances or about 18.71% with the common verbs used like: offer, commit, promise, and reject. Meanwhile expressive speech act used in 41 utterances or 11.42% with speech act verbs used are: greet, surprise, like, fear, apology, thank, regret, and praise. The last is declarative speech act with only 9 utterances found or only 4.11% from the total data. The common speech act verbs used are: curse, announce, declare, and define.

phenomenon. (2) The second research conducted by Yossi Diana. She concerned on the type of directive speech act in comic entitled Civil War. Her research aims to describe the meaning and context and type of directive speech act used by the character in this comic. This research is a Pragmatic study. This data found in Civil War comic. The method of research is descriptive qualitative research because the objective of this study is observing and finding the information as many as possible of the phenomenon. (3) The third research conducted by Eva Nuriana. The third previous study focuses on the analysis of directive speech act found in teaching and learning English for Second Grade of MAN 2 Surakarta academic year 2016/2017. The next subchapter, the study used a directive speech act as a research object. The last component, the previous researcher regards Teaching and Learning English for Second Grade of MAN 2 Surakarta as the research subject. (4) The fourth research conducted by Latifah Nurhasana. She concerned on the type of speech act in the D isney animation movie script “ by Pete Docter and Ronnie Del Carmen. Her research aims to find out the types of the speech act of utterance and to describe the application of speech acts in the Disney animation movie script “Inside Out“ by Pete Docter and Ronnie Del Carmen. The design of her research is qualitative research. The data is taken from original DVD and transcript from the internet. The technique of data analysis data is document analysis or content analysis. There were three forms of data: video, script, and classifying. (5) The fifth research conducted by Muhammad Salman Tesaindra. This research focuses on the analysis of directive speech act found in The Help movie. The aim of this research is to elaborate the classification of the directive illocutionary acts of the dialogues in The Help into type, function of the illocutionary acts and the component of the illocutionary forces used by the speaker to the hearer in this movie and to find out the factors that the use of directive illocutionary acts of the dialogues in The Help movie. This data found in The Help movie. (6) The sixth research conducted by Winda Ayu Citra Dewi. This research focuses on the analysis of speech act in The Great Gatsby movie script. This research aims to know the illocutionary act based on Searle category are used by the main characters in The Great Gatsby movie script.