The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative in which the writer uses technique of searching, collecting, classifying, analyzing the data, and finally drawing conclusion. The data of this research are the utterances reflected by all characters with others containing directivespeechact in the novel ‘The Land of Five Towers’. The collected data are analyzed by determining the sentence types used by the characters based on Frank’s theory, then determining the illocutionary act of directivespeechact based on Searle’s theory. Eventually, the politeness strategies used by all characters are analyzed based on Brown and Levinson’s theory. The last is concluding the result of the data.
The data source of directivespeechact in the movie The Legend of Hercules manuscript. In gathering data, the researcher uses observation and documentation methods. To answer the problem statements raise in this research. This researcher implements some theories. To classify the forms, the researcher uses the theory of Frank. To describe the type of the speechact, the researcher uses the theory of Levinson. To describe the intention, the researcher uses the theory of Searle.
The Legend of Hercules’s movie is one of the action and history movie genre that very famous in 2014, it is make the researcher interested about this movie. To get deep understanding towards this study, The researcher limits the study on the use word and sentence of Directivespeechact in the movie ”The Legend of Hercules” manuscript based on theory of linguistics form. The researcher emphasize on the form of directivespeechact in the movie. applies linguistic approach.
The study investigated the realization of directivespeechact conducted by the lecturer and students in the teaching and learning at magister of language studies Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta relating to different gender and politeness strategy. The data elicited, using observation and documentation by video recorder, from 22 students and 6 lecturers. The observation has been conducted from 28 October 2014 to 17Mei 2014. There are totally 371 minutes and 33 second of voice recording from. The collected data are analyzed by using in Austi ’s sche a, Searle 1977 ’s theory of directi e speech acts, Bro a d Le i so ’s theory of politeness strategy.
Studies with the pragmatic approach to directivespeech are quite common, considering the signiicance of knowing the appropriate use of these forms. Among them is Rahardi (2000), whose research discusses formal form, pragmatic form, and imperative politeness elements mainly focused on Indonesian language. Study with Javanese language as its object was conducted by Widada (1999) who divided directive discourses based on the type of use. Meanwhile, Solichan (2006) in his research explained various realizations in the use of directivespeechact realized in the form of declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamative sentences. Those four sentences are realized in sentences that have their own characteristics and meanings. Both studies on directivespeechact used the Javanese language that is commonly used daily as the object of their research, whereas tembang dolanan uses
The directivespeechact has been widely examined in pragmatic research. For instance, Qadir and Riloff (2011) in their research entitled “Classifying Sentences as SpeechAct in Message Board Posts” analyze the directivespeechact which is used in message board posts. Other study investigated directivespeechact is Moessner (2010) in his research entitled “DirectiveSpeech Acts: a Cross-generic Diachronic Study”. It investigates directivespeechact in a corpus of Early Modern English and Present-day English written text from legal, religious and scientific discourse. Beside those previous studies, Oktoberia (2012) also analyzes the directivespeechact used in movie scripts. The findings show that the dominant types of directivespeechact in fiction film are command and request. Another research was conducted by Martinez (2011) which aims at describing the linguistic parameters of illocutionary constructions within the scope of the Lexical-Constructional Model. In this work, he explains the semantic and pragmatic base of a number of illocutionary constructions performing the speech acts of requesting and begging. This analysis attempts to reveal the formal differences in the constructions in relation to their illocutionary meaning.
6 perception, motivation, action etc. It explains the phenomena holistically by words description in a natural context using scientific method (Moleong, 2004:15). There are four major types of qualitative research: phenomenology, ethnography, case study research, grounded theory, and historical research (Johnson (2005) in Kuntjojo (2009:16). This research determines as case study research which is a form of qualitative research that focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. The data in this research are in the form of utterances using directivespeechact made by students of directivespeechact used by lecturer and students English magister program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, in 2013/2014 academic year. The sources of data of this study are event and context. Each class is approximately attended by 22 students and 6 lecturers. The observation has been conducted from 28 October 2014 to 17Mei 2014. There are totally 371 minutes and 33 second of voice recording from. Technique of Collecting Data
ALHAMDUILLAHIRABIL ‘ALAMIN, In the name of ALLAH SWT , the most courageous and merciful, I would to say thank to ALLAH SWT the almightily for grace and blessing for the writer in making this reserch paper to fulfill one of requirement for getting the bachelor degree in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer accomplishes to finally his research paper entitled: AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVESPEECHACT EMPLOYED BY THE CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED WORLD WAR Z
Language is important aspect which cannot be separated from life to communicate to each other to fulfill her or his own needs. People use language in their speech, either spoken or written. Communication is one way to express of mind, ideas, emotion and feelings. It can also express it by using body or gesture movement, action, signal and sound. if the hearer cannot get the intention of every utterance, it will lead a misunderstanding. A successful communication only can be achieved if the hearer and the speaker are able to understand thoughts, desire and feeling of each other. Yule, (2010: 127) stated that communication depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words in an utterance, but recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances.
Teaching and learning process in the Magister of English Faculty, in University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta that speaking is communication tool in order to enable activeness in the class. In the process, lecturer often uses directivespeech in class speaki g orally. O e of the activities i the classroo i volves lecturers a d
phenomenon. (2) The second research conducted by Yossi Diana. She concerned on the type of directivespeechact in comic entitled Civil War. Her research aims to describe the meaning and context and type of directivespeechact used by the character in this comic. This research is a Pragmatic study. This data found in Civil War comic. The method of research is descriptive qualitative research because the objective of this study is observing and finding the information as many as possible of the phenomenon. (3) The third research conducted by Eva Nuriana. The third previous study focuses on the analysis of directivespeechact found in teaching and learning English for Second Grade of MAN 2 Surakarta academic year 2016/2017. The next subchapter, the study used a directivespeechact as a research object. The last component, the previous researcher regards Teaching and Learning English for Second Grade of MAN 2 Surakarta as the research subject. (4) The fourth research conducted by Latifah Nurhasana. She concerned on the type of speechact in the D isney animation movie script “ by Pete Docter and Ronnie Del Carmen. Her research aims to find out the types of the speechact of utterance and to describe the application of speech acts in the Disney animation movie script “Inside Out“ by Pete Docter and Ronnie Del Carmen. The design of her research is qualitative research. The data is taken from original DVD and transcript from the internet. The technique of data analysis data is document analysis or content analysis. There were three forms of data: video, script, and classifying. (5) The fifth research conducted by Muhammad Salman Tesaindra. This research focuses on the analysis of directivespeechact found in The Help movie. The aim of this research is to elaborate the classification of the directive illocutionary acts of the dialogues in The Help into type, function of the illocutionary acts and the component of the illocutionary forces used by the speaker to the hearer in this movie and to find out the factors that the use of directive illocutionary acts of the dialogues in The Help movie. This data found in The Help movie. (6) The sixth research conducted by Winda Ayu Citra Dewi. This research focuses on the analysis of speechact in The Great Gatsby movie script. This research aims to know the illocutionary act based on Searle category are used by the main characters in The Great Gatsby movie script.
Then, from the five classifications above, the writer found speechact verbs of every speech acts, as proposed by Leech (1993:205-6). Leech gives some examples of speechact verbs of every speech acts, such as (1) the representative speechact verbs: assert, predict, insist, etc., (2) the directivespeechact verbs: ask, beg, request, etc., (3) the commisive speechact verbs: promise, swear, offer, etc., (4) the expressive speechact verbs: apologize, congratulate, thank, etc., and the last is (5) the declarations speechact verbs: declare, bless, curse, baptize, etc. This classification can ease the writer in the process of analysis. The writer also analyzed it based on the way it is uttered, whether it is uttered directly or indirectly. To make the research work easier, the writer took some steps to do her research.
The researcher uses descriptive qualitative research. According to wognan and tailor (Moleong: 2000:3) qualitative research is a research that yields the descriptive data in the form of written and oral word from observing the people‘s behavior. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative because the researcher intends to identify the linguistic forms of directivespeech that is used in the movie “the legend of Hercules” manuscript and to describe the contextual meaning of directivespeech in the movie ““the legend of Hercules” manuscript. The research begins by watching the movie “The Legend of Hercules”, searching the source of data, collecting the data, making classification and analyzing of them to draw a conclusion. Furthermore, the researcher does not make any judgment, criticism, or evaluation. He just makes a description on the phenomenon occurred analysis them.
as well. She conducted a study entitled An Analysis of Expressive Acts in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Film. The next study written by Lidya Oktoberia from University of Padang entilled Types of DirectiveSpeechAct Used in Harry Potter-The Deathly Hallows and Bride Wars Movie Script. The fourth study is conducted by Hidayati Sholihah (2013) entitled A Pragmatic Analysis of Directive Utterances in Breaking Dawn Part I Movie. The last study is written by Merdana, Seken K, and Adi Jaya Putra N (2013) entitled An Analysis of Speech Acts Produced by Elementary School Teachers and Students to Facilitate Teaching and Learning at Sdn 10 Pringgasela East Lombok.
The research finding in this study shows the variety of the language form, the politeness pattern and the implicature of directivespeechact in Alice in Wonderland Movie Script (2010). This study also shows that there are close relations between language form and politeness pattern. There are 92,8% nomber data of bald on- record included to imperative sentence. All of the data which include to imperative sentence also include to bald on-record. The imperative sentence be the one of the features of bald on- record.
pronunciation, or vocabulary). Nevertheless, we also should notice the socialinguistic competence (when, why, and in what ways to produce language). Blundell, Hinggens, Middlemiss (1982) states that speech situation can be divided into two parts; they are formal and informal situation which are determined by the topic, setting, social relationship and psychological attitude. Therefore, in this study the writer just focus on analysing the language use produced by students in producing command and request in relation to the speech situation.
The type of this study is the descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is both data are utterances found in World War Z movie. The methods of collecting data are observation and documentation. The data are analyzed by Kriedler’s theory of speect act (1998).
To make a language more meaningful is needed an understanding between speaker (s) and listener (s) to use that language in a good and a right way. The speaker must be able to convey a right information to the listener in a good way so both of them will be successful to use it to communicate. Clark (1977:25) said that Speaker expect listeners to recognize the function of sentences they speak and to act accordingly. They expect their listeners to realize that it is a request for information. If the listeners fail to appreciate this intention, they are judged as having “ missunderstood, ” even though they may have taken in everything else
When the United State woman declares a war to Iraqi, what she said is only nonsense for the people of United State, but when it is said by President Barack Obama, it is more than just a statement. It can be a proof that different people will create different class of utterance. This case that makes the writer wants to analyze further more about the speechact which means the communication is getting influenced by the speaker, the listener and the condition of the speaker and the listener build a conversation.
The listener sometimes does not understand the meaning of the utters. It is caused of miscommunication between the speaker and the listener. This phenomenon is called pragmatics phenomenon. In the case of two-ways communication, a speaker and a listener are supposed to engage each other. However, sometimes a speaker aims more than s/he stated. This is what we are known as a term pragmatics. Pragmatics concerns on the study of what is implied on someone’s utterance when it is associated to the context or condition surrounding it. O’Grady, et al (1997: 271). Furthermore, Dowty, et al (1981: 138) states that pragmatics is the study which deals with presupposition, conventional implicature, conversational implicature, and speechact. Considering this definition, it is clear that pragmatics is related to the some aspects, and one of them is speechact.