Knee joint

applied to 2-D and 3-D images. In addition to basic image processing (filtering, edge detection, resampling). ImageJ provides some higher level image analysis algorithms. ImageJ is written in Java. ImageJ can open many common 2-D image files, as well as DICOM format medical imaging data [12]. Aim of the study is to get information about the effect of body weight on the measurement joint space width and tibio femoral angle in help detecting osteoarthritis of the knee joint with the quantification of digital radiography images using ImageJ software.

Data yang diperoleh berdistribusi tidak normal, uji normalitas data menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk. Hasil test didapat skor total skala ashworth terdapat perubahan yang signifikan dengan nilai p = 0.000 (< 0.05). Uji statistik pada hasil skor skala ashworth dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon derajat spastisitas didapat nilai p = 0.025 (< 0.05). Dengan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh pemberian Neoro Developmental Treatment (NDT) terhadap penurunan spastisitas knee joint pada penderita cerebral palsy spastic diplegia. Semoga penelitian ini dapat berlanjut dan dapat berguna bagi peneliti, tenaga medis ataupun masyarakat umum.

Otot digerakan oleh serat otot yang berkontraksi dengan menerima perintah dari otak. Tetapi, energi untuk menggerakan otot terbatas. Jika otot mengalami kekurangan energi, tidak peduli bagaimana serat otot mengirim perintah dari otak, otot pun tidak akan bergerak. Seperti disfungsi sementara pada otot merupakan keadaan kelelahan pada otot. Jika otot mengalami kelelahan, maka akan mengakibatkan penurunan efisiensi kerja. Pada sistem rehabilitasi menggunakan Functional Electrical Stimulation otot yang diberi stimulasi listrik secara terus – menerus akan mengalami kelelahan, sehingga hasil dari sistem rehabilitasi yang didapatkan akan terjadi kesalahan. Pada tugas akhir ini akan mencari tahu sinyal electrically myoelectric evoked yang mengalami kelelahan saat di stimulus secara terus – menerus pada gerakan knee-joint, maka dari itu dirancang sebuah instrumentasi EMG untuk mendapatkan sinyal myoelectric dengan penguatan yang diatur, filter highpass +40 dB/dec 20 Hz, filter bandstop +40 dB/dec 50 Hz, filter lowpass -40dB/dec 500 Hz. Otot tersebut distimulasi selama kurang lebih 30 menit, kemudian hasil sinyal dibandingkan antara sinyal pada awal stimulasi dengan sinyal saat akhir stimulasi. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa bentuk dari respon sinyal myoelectric berubah. Adanya penurunan amplitudo dari respon sinyal myoelectric tersebut dengan rata – rata sebesar 0,25378 V untuk gerak ekstensi dan 0,2243 V untuk gerak fleksi, sedangkan untuk penurunan gaya torsinya sebesar 39534,92 Nm untuk gerak ekstensi dan 2,739699 Nm untuk gerak fleksi.

Agar didapatkan pengukuran yang benar–benar akurat dalam mengukur sudut persendian lutut (knee – joint), maka diperlukan penempatan posisi sensor pada segmen thigh dan shank. Pada modul master yang ditempatkan pada segmen thigh, digunakan accelerometer untuk sumbu Z dan Y. Sedangkan untuk gyroscope sensor ditempatkan searah dengan sumbu Y. Namun, untuk modul slave, digunakan accelerometer untuk sumbu Z dan X, dan untuk sumbu gyroscope digunakan sumbu X. Digunakan 2 sumbu pada sensor accelerometer dikarenakan pada saat percobaan pengukuran, penggunaan 1 sumbu akan menimbulkan pembacaan yang kurang akurat, maka dari itu, penggunaan 2 sumbu dimaksudkan untuk saling melengkapi dan saling menghilangkan nilai sudut yang tidak dapat terbaca oleh sumbu yang statu. Untuk mendapatkan sudut kemiringan dari kedua modul tersebut maka dapat dituliskan pada persamaan 4.

Mengingat begitu kompleksnya masalah yang timbul akibat dari Cerebral Palsy dan terbatasnya pengetahuan penulis, maka penelitian ini hanya membahas tentang pengaruh Neuro Developmental Treatment terhadap penurunan spastisitas knee joint pada penderita cerebral palsy spastic diplegi dengan nilai rata-rata spastisitasnya menggunakan skala Ashworth bernilai 3 yaitu ada tahanan yang kuat sehingga sangat sulit bergerak karena peningkatan tonus yang sangat tinggi.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a generative disease of the joints that its prevalence in Indonesia is quite high, which is 15.5% for men and 12.7% for women. One risk factor for knee OA is anatomical abnor- mality (Pes planus). Someone who had pes planus, tend to feel knee pain by 1.39 times and cartilage damage on the inner aspect of the knee joint (medial tibiofemoral compartment) by 1.76 times.The purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between pes planus with osteoarthritis knee.The Cross sectional design was used in the research, with 30 respondents.pes planus was a free variable, however the osteoarthritis was a dependent variable.The result indicated that there was a relationship between the pes planus with OA knee that was tested with chi square (p = 0.017, RP = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.15-4.26) and BMI with OA knee (p = 0.003, RP = 3, 95% CI: 1.24-7.20). Independent t test, however, displayed that there were differences in SAI value between patients with OA Knee and without OA knee (0.82 ± 0.26 and 0.62 ± 0.23, respectively) with p = 0.047. There is a relationship between pes planus and osteoarthritis knee, with a prevalence ratio is 2.2.

In this reearch, the proposed technique is an effective junction space area segmentation method without the need for user interaction. Experimental results have been provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. And could help medical doctors to determine the region of interest of visual characteristics found in knee OA. The failures in junction detection may well be due to deviations of the angle of the knee joint from the horizontal. We will improve this by including gradient information in the junction area segmentation.

Increase in life expectancy resulted in increasing amount of elderly people. In elderly, there is declining on tissue ability for repairing itself and maintaining normal function (degeneration), then degenerative diseases are commonly found, one of them is osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis and more common in elderly. Most common type of OA is knee joint. Besides degenerative reason, OA is also caused by inflammation process that result in pain and declining ability to do activity daily living (ADL). This research aims to find out the functional ADL based on pain severity of knee joint in elderly with knee OA .

In this chapter, a formulation of a three-dimensional mathematical dynamic model of a general two- body-segmented articulating joint is presented first. The two-dimensional version of this formulation subsequently is applied to the human knee joint to investigate the relative dynamic motion between the femur and tibia as well as the ligament and contact forces developed in the joint. This mathematical joint model takes into account the geometry of the articulating surfaces and the appropriate constitutive behavior of the joint ligaments. Representative results are provided from solutions of second-order nonlinear differential equations by means of the Newmark method of differential approximations and application of the Newton-Raphson iteration process. Next, to deal with shortcomings of the iterative method, alternative methods of solution of the same dynamic equations of the joint model are presented. With improved solution methods, the dynamic knee model is utilized to study the response of the knee to impact loads applied at any location on the lower leg. The chapter also deals with the question of whether the classical impact theory can be directly applied to dynamic joint models and its limitations. In addition, the two-body segmented joint model is extended to a three-body segmented formulation, and an anatomically based dynamic model of the knee joint which includes patello-femoral articulation is presented to assess patello-femoral contact forces during kicking activity.

Figure 3 shows the measured open-loop characteristics of the joint transmissions for both the knee and ankle joints. In particular, the plots show the measured joint torque relative to the commanded joint torque for each joint for a commanded step of 40 Nm. The output torque was measured on a bench- top setup using a bidirectional load cell (Transducer Tech- niques Model MLP-100), which was zero-phase-filtered at 30  Hz to reduce analog noise. As shown in the figure, the knee joint transmission dynamics are characterized by a rise time of approximately 100 ms, a damped natural frequency at approximately 15 Hz, and a steady-state torque error of approximately 2.5%. The ankle joint transmission dynamics are characterized by a rise time of approximately 250 ms, a damped natural frequency of 6 Hz, and a steady-state torque error of approximately 2.5%. Since the knee and ankle joint torque data for healthy subjects are characterized by signifi- cant frequencies at or below 1–2 Hz (as given by a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the data presented in [31]), the transmis- sion dynamics of the knee and ankle joints (with damped nat- ural frequencies of 15 and 6 Hz, respectively) are assumed to essentially preserve the torque dynamics characteristic of walking. As such, both knee and ankle joints are able to pro- vide highly stable stiffness and damping emulation (as a result of excluding the transmission dynamics from the software emulation loop) in addition to accurate torque tracking within the frequencies and magnitudes of joint torques char- acteristic of human locomotion.

(Counselors: Dwi Rosella Komala Sari SSt.ft, M.Fis, and Wijianto SSt.Ft.) PURPOSE: To know correlation between strength of quadriceps femoris muscle, body mass index and angle of quadriceps and postural balance of patients with osteoarthritis knee. BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoarthritis knee have reduced postural balance. It is resulted from many factors, among the others, are strength of quadriceps femoris muscle, body mass index and angle of quadriceps. SUBJECT: Sixty respondents consisting of 48 female and 12 male patients of Physiotherapy Clinic of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital of Surakarta are taken as subject of the research. METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH: Type of the research is an associative research with a cross-sectional approach and uses one shot test design. Measurement of postural balance uses Tinetti test. ANALYSIS: Use Spearman rho. Results: Results of Spearman rho indicated that strength of quadriceps femoris had a significant correlation with postural balance. It was showed by the result of correlation test of Spearman rho with significance of 0.000 that is lower than 0.05. It means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Result of analysis indicated that IMT had a significant correlation with postural balance. It was proved with significance of 0.002 that is lower than 0.05. It means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Result of analysis indicated that Q-angle had a significant correlation with postural balance. It is proved by significance of 0.000 that is lower than 0.05. It means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is a correlation between strength of quadriceps femoris, body mass index, and Q angle with postural balance of patients with osteoarthritis knee.

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Apakah terdapat perbandingan latihan knee tuck jump dan double leg hop progression terhadap peningkatan smash bulutangkis pada siswa putra kelas X. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji signifikasi latihan knee tuck jump dan latihan double leg hop progression terhadap peningkatan smash bulutangkis pada siswa putra kelas X. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa putra kelas X yang berjumlah 134 siswa. Metode penarikan sampel adalah purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 asiswa. Hasil penelitian untuk latihan knee tuck jump menunjukkan terdapat perbandingan latihan knee tuck jump terhadap peningkatan smash hal ini buktikan oleh hasil uji-t diperoleh t hitung adalah 8,69 dengan

Robot was designed using Autodesk Inventor 2012 ™ software. Robot design is adjusted to the Indonesian anthropometry. The robot, consists of two link manipulators, is shown in Fig 1. Link 1 works for knee rehabilitation, while link 2 works for ankle rehabilitation. This robot is designed to be portable and easy to disassembly.

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Perubahan-perubahan degeneratif yang mengakibatkan karena peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu misalnya cedera sendi infeksi sendi deformitas congenital dan penyakit peradangan sendi lainnya aka[r]

You can have joint pain for many different reasons, a trauma to a specific area of the body, such as knee or elbow, a strain from lifting a heavy object, sleeping on a poor mattress, sit[r]

neck aches, knee arthritis, knee arthritis, knee arthritis, knee arthritis, arthritis, arthritis, numbness, headaches, joint pain, severe headache, chronic arthritis, body achesLymphangi[r]

8) What are six reasons that joint costs should be allocated to individual products or services? Answer: The first reason joint costs should be allocated to compute inventoriable costs and cost of goods sold is for financial accounting purposes and for income tax reporting. The second reason the costs should be allocated to also allow for computing cost of goods sold and inventoriable costs for internal reporting purposes to compute division profits and to evaluate division managers. The third reason that joint costs need to be allocated is so that costs will be reimbursed under contracts using a cost plus system, often found in government contracts. A fourth reason for the cost allocation is to allow for proper valuation and settlement in insurance claims for damages. A fifth reason is that joint products may be regulated and proper costing is essential. The sixth reason for allocating joint costs is to support litigation where the joint product is a key input.

Pada contoh kasus yang dibahas pada Bab IV, dari hasil analisa dianjurkan memilih expansion joint jenis Asphaltic Plug Joint karena bahan yang mudah didapat, kenyamanan yang baik bagi pengguna jalan, dan perawatan yang minim. Asphaltic Plug Joint mungkin merupakan joint yang paling banyak dipakai saat ini. Bahan baku yang dulu menggunakan produk luar, sekarang sudah diproduksi oleh produsen dalam negeri. Hal ini membuat bahan baku lebih murah dan mudah didapat.