English, especially in learning vocabulary. They said that English is difficult to be learned. They also said that written form of word and manner of pronunciation were different. When the writer asked to students about some words, many of them did not know about it. They also have difficulties in memorizing words, when the teacher taught English vocabulary, they are able to memorize it, but after that, they forgot the words they have learned before. It caused they did not write it, because of some reasons, like their notebooks were collected. When the teacher asked the students to open dictionary, most of they were lazy and bored to open dictionary. 5 Because of that, the writer tried to use personalvocabularynotes as a learning technique and as substitution dictionary. In this study, the writer tried to improve the students’ vocabulary using personalvocabularynotes.
The point has been made that the learning of a new word is not instantaneous, but that it requires repeated visits and conscious study. Much of this revisiting and studying of words will have to take place out of class time. Another way to have students work on their vocabulary development is to have them create their own dictionaries. 17 Vocabulary notebooks are frequently suggested as effective tools for students to use to take charge of, organize and manage their vocabulary learning. 18 In specific, to make students keep their notes and make a vocabulary notebook, using PersonalVocabularyNotes (PVN) technique can be a problem solving. By using PersonalVocabularyNotes (PVN) technique, it will make student to be an autonomous learner to create their own vocabulary and also to remember the vocabulary that they keep in their PersonalVocabularyNotes (PVN).
Once students have a set of words to work with they are any number of games and exercises you can do with them. To offer a couple of examples, teacher can have had students organize their words in word stress patterns. Teacher also can done speaking activities in which students must make short stories using two or more personalvocabularynotes. Another speaking activity is to have student slip a personalvocabularynotes item secretly in a conversation without the other person noticing.
This research applied pre-experimental method with one group of pre-test and post-test design. The purpose of this research was to find out whether or not using PersonalVocabularyNotes (PVN) is effective to teach English vocabulary. The population of this research was Year-8 students of SMP Negeri 1 Sambas. The sample was 33 students of class VIII E. The technique to collect the data was measurement technique. The form of the test was multiple choice and short answer. The result of students’ mean score of post-test is 72.12 higher than their mean score of pre-test which is 57.27. The effect size of the treatment is 1.89, which is categorized as effective. The effect size of the treatment is higher than the highest category of effect size that is 1.00 (1.89 > 1.00). The research finding shows it is effective to teach English vocabulary using PersonalVocabularyNotes (PVN) to Year-8 students of “SMP Negeri 1 Sambas” in Academic Year 2015/2016.
To get the data, the writer used test in this study. A test is a set of stimuli presented to an individual in order to elicit responses on the basis of which a numerical score can be assigned. 6 According to H Brown Douglas, test is method of measuring a pe rson‟s ability or knowledge in a given domain. 7 To get the data, the writer did the test; it consisted of pre test and post test. The function of pre test was to know pre- ability students‟ vocabulary knowledge before they used personalvocabularynotes. And the function of post test was to know post-ability students‟ vocabulary knowledge after they used personalvocabularynotes. The test was used to see the result of students‟ vocabulary knowledge. The score of the
However, learning vocabulary is a hard task. Sometimes it can be frustrating and discouraging. That is why good teachers must be able to increase students‟ active participation, improve their vocabulary with appropriate strategies, and make the students learn more. According to Moore (2005:226), the strategies should be selected that best serve the delivery of content and achievement of the purpose and objectives. The teacher should choose the appropriate strategy to motivate the students‟ learning based on the situation in the classroom. The appropriate strategy can help the teacher in teaching learning process to improve students‟ ability. On the other hand, good strategy will help the students in improving their abilities of certain subject. In this matter, the researcher used personalvocabularynotes as a strategy to improve students‟ vocabulary achievement and students‟ active participation.
First and foremost, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Allah SWT, for blessing me and giving me strength so I can finish my thesis entitled “Improving the Tenth Grade Students’ Vocabulary Achievement and Students’ Active Participation by Using PersonalVocabularyNotes (PVN) at MA Al-Falah Kajar Bondowoso in the 2012/2013 academic year.”
hypothesis (Ha) stating that using personalvocabularynotes gave effect to students’ vocabulary knowledge at the seventh grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah Palangksa Raya was accepted. In other words, the null hypothesis (Ho) stating that using personalvocabularynotes did not gave effect to students’ vocabulary knowledge at the seventh grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya was rejected. Based on the result of the research, the writer suggested that the teacher can apply this technique (personalvocabularynotes) in improving the students’ vocabulary as alternative technique that could be used in teaching vocabulary.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to improve students’ vocabulary especially recognizing the word meaning in reading descriptive text. This research was conducted on the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 10 Pontianak in academic year 2014/2015. In this research, the subject is class XD that consists of 9 students. The researcher conducted a classroom action research in her research and helped by the teacher during the research period. The data were collected by using direct and measurement technique. The tools of data collecting were observation checklist, field note, and test. PersonalVocabularyNotes was used as the technique in this research which is conducted the research in two cycles. The research findings showed that the mean score of students’ vocabulary test in the first cycle is 52.22 to 77.80 in the second cycle which means it successfully passed the KKM. It can be concluded that the students’ vocabulary taught by using personalvocabularynotes in reading descriptive text was improved.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah class action (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) dalam model kualitatif untuk mempelajari teknik PersonalVocabularyNotes yang dapat meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa. Dengan demikian, kompetensi di sekolah akan dianalisis dengan melakukan beberapa tindakan prosedur penelitian. Prosedur adalah rencana, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Kajian ini akan dilakukan 2 kali, pada awalnya adalah pemeriksaan selektif pada penguasaan kosakata siswa sebelum diberikan perbaikan dan pada akhirnya ada tes akhir dengan survei keuntungan dan persepsi siswa tentang penggunaan teknik PersonalVocabularyNotes selama pelajaran bahasa Prancis. Ujian akhir adalah bukti selektif jika teknik PersonalVocabularyNotes dapat meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa.
Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 3 pertemuan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Methodist 8 di kelas XI IPA 2 pada mata pelajaran bahasa Prancis bulan Desember sampai Februari Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Penelitian ini direalisasikan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut : merencanakan apa yang akan diajarkan guru dengan menggunakan teknik PersonalVocabularyNotes, membuat skenario pembelajaran, mempersiapkan ujian untuk mengetahui kemampuan hasil menulis siswa dalam bahasa Prancis pada ujian final, membuat pertanyaan untuk ujian final, merealisasikan ujian pre-test sebelum mengajar dengan menggunakan teknik tersebut dan ujian final setelah siklus pertama dan kedua selesai.
Above phenomenon indicates that there were behavior frictions from personal communications to impersonal communication or media communication. More advance of farmer group, will be wider in both television and newspaper media exposure. While behavior of listening radio, less advance farmer group will be more intensive than the advance one. For most rural community, radio is a popular media for entertainment amusement and information sources about development news.
Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. As beginning readers, children use the words they have heard to make sense of the words they see in print. Consider, for example, what happens when a beginning reader comes to the word dig in a book. As she begins to figure out the sounds represented by the letters d, i, g, the reader recognizes that the sounds make up a very familiar word that she has heard and said many times. Beginning readers have a much more difficult time reading words that are not already part of their oral vocabulary. 29
Many studies have been carried out related to this research which compares the techniques between song, games and story in teaching vocabulary. Ruth l. Cathcart-strong has carried out the related study by the title „input generation by young second language learners’ . The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of various types of communicative acts (e.g., requests for information, calls for attention, intention statements, and so on) for eliciting native-speaker input. The study examined some of the spontaneous communicative acts of a group of young second language learners and their native-speaker interlocutors' responses in three play situations. Results showed that while the response rate to some types of utterances was predictable (e.g., to requests for information), others (e.g., calls for, attention) did not generate the expected feedback. In addition, there was an unexpectedly high response rate to other communicative acts, such as statements of intention. These findings are discussed as evidence of superordinate strategies in child discourse. The implications of such behavior for language learning and teaching are discussed, and classroom applications are suggested. 28
So you might think that the bank would need some proof of your weath. You pull out a single one dollar bill. Your claim is that this is not a single note, but in reality it is 1 billion notes which are all superimposed in the exact same place. All of the atoms and electrons which make up the paper are behaving exactly identical in every possible way, and so it only appears that you have a single dollar when in fact it is really a collection of one
Accounting in small scale business activities almost resemble to bookkeeping system, it is a single book arrangement where only important notes have full records. In single book arrangement, transactions in small or medium enterprises are recorded in logbooks, and subsidiary books. Logbooks contain of cash receipts, cash disbursements, sales ledger, buying ledger, and memorial ledger. Subsidiary ledger contain of account receivable subsidiary ledger, account payable subsidiary ledger, and inventory subsidiary ledger. Those books are replacement for account (ledger) in normal accounting (Tunggal, 1997).
The second dimensions concern the range of vocabulary to be in cluded in the assessment. A conventional vocabulary test is based on set of target words selected by the writer, and the test takers are assessed according to how well they demonstrate their knowledge of the meaning or use of those words. This is what i call a selective vocabulary measure. The target words may either be selected test items, or alternatively the test writer first chooses a suitable text and then uses certain words from it as the basic for the vocabuary assessment.
So you might think that the bank would need some proof of your weath. You pull out a single one dollar bill. Your claim is that this is not a single note, but in reality it is 1 billion notes which are all superimposed in the exact same place. All of the atoms and electrons which make up the paper are behaving exactly identical in every possible way, and so it only appears that you have a single dollar when in fact it is really a collection of one
The curriculum is articulated in two documents: the syllabus and the curriculum specifications. The syllabus presents the aims, objectives and the outline of the curriculum content for a period of 3 years for Level Two Primary School Science. The curriculum specifications provides the details of the curriculum, which includes the aims and objectives of the curriculum, brief descriptions on thinking skills and thinking strategies, scientific skills, scientific attitudes and noble values, teaching and learning strategies, and curriculum content. The curriculum content covers the learning objectives, suggested learning activities, learning outcomes, notes and vocabulary.