Integrated Coastal Resources Management in Pathew District (ICRM-PD), Chumphon Province, Thailand

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49

Integrated Coastal Resources Management in Pathew District (ICRM-PD), Chumphon Province, Thailand

Thitiporn Suppanirun Fishery Biologist

Chumphon Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center (CMDEC) Department of Fisheries, Chumphon Province, Thailand

Introduction

In 2001, The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) through the SEAFDEC Training Department (SEAFDEC/TD) and the Department of Fisheries (DOF) of Thailand conducted the collaborative pilot project on coastal fishery resources management with the cooperation of local fishing communities and other stakeholders, community groups and local administrative authorities in Pathew District, Chumphon Province under the auspices of the Japanese Trust Fund 1 (JTF-1).

The Chumphon Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center (CMDEC) served as the core implementing counterpart group and the Chumphon Provincial and Pathew District Offices of Fisheries as the collaborating agencies. The purpose of the project was to establish a practical framework for locally-based coastal resource management by encouraging fishermen’s participation.

It was supported by the creation of alternative job opportunities in coastal fishing communities. The collaborative pilot project was initially named the “Locally Based Coastal Resources Management in Pathew District (LBCRM-PD)” which started in 2001 and ended in 2006. Along the way, this was changed to Integrated Coastal Resources Management in Pathew District (ICRM-PD) in 2004.

The project site covers an area of approximately 117 km² in Pakklong Sub-District, Pathew District, Chumphon Province. Pakklong Sub-District comprised seven villages with 879 households and a population of 4152 (Fig. 1). The rural community is engaged in capture fisheries, coastal aquaculture and agriculture. The various fishing gears used are the Indo-pacific mackerel gill net, squid cast nets with light luring, blue swimming crab gill nets, shrimp trammel net, mullet gill nets, anchovy falling net with light luring, collapsible crab trap and cuttlefish traps, and other kinds of small-scale fishing gear. For aquaculture, the fishers are engaged in fish cage culture and shrimp farming. Rubber, coconut and palm oil are the major income sources from agriculture.

Fig. 1. Location of the project site

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Overall The LBC

1.

2.

3.

Activitie The six 1. Ba

Du pr su fo 1.

1.

1.4

F

Region Approa

Objectives CRM-PD/IC Establishing Rehabilitatin Alleviating p es of the LB main activiti aseline Surv uring the con romoted in ustainable co ollowing four 1 Biologic The surv effort (C collected 2 Oceanog This ac Coastal analysis grasses, 3 Fishing The surv seasonal between 4 Socio-ec

The surv in order extensio database terms of during t 2005 by

Fig. 2. Biolog

nal Seminar o ach in Southea

of the LBCR CRM-PD proj

g sustainable ng the coasta poverty in co BCRM-PD/IC

ies implemen vey

nduct of this order to ob astal resourc r major sub-a cal Survey

vey was don CPUE), iden d the data da graphic and C

tivity was i Resource Re and present

and water qu Ground and vey aimed t l changes of n January 200

conomic Sur vey was con r to record th on program a e was also u f number of the final eva y SEAFDEC/

gical survey (l

on Integrated ast Asia: Revi

RM-PD/ICR ject in Chum

resource ma al resources;

oastal fishing CRM-PD P nted under th s activity, the btain the nec ce manageme

activities (Fi ne to monito ntify the com aily, which w

Coastal Surv initiated by esearch Cent tation of resu uality in the

Gear Survey to monitor th f gears used 02 and Septe rvey

nducted as a he informatio and commun

sed by the c households, aluation of th

/TD and CM

left), oceanog

Coastal Resou iew of the proj

RM-PD proj mphon Provin anagement at

and

g communiti roject he LBCRM-P

e participatio cessary info ent and comm

g. 2):

or the output mposition o were then han

vey

SEAFDEC ter (CMCRR ults, specific

project site.

y

he fishing g by the Pakk ember 2006 b household su on into the d nity developm community in population he project. T MDEC.

graphic surve

urces Manage ject ICRM-PL

ject

nce, Thailand t the local lev

es.

PD/ICRM-PD on of the reso ormation and munity devel

t of the fishe f the specie nded over to /TD, CMDE RC), which w ally those on

round for ea klong fisherm by SEAFDEC urvey in sev database that ment plans su

n assessing t and occupat The survey w

ey (center) an ement L

d was mainly vel;

D project we ource users a d data for t lopment. The

ermen in ter es caught, et CMDEC for EC and the were also inv n the status o

ach type of men. The su C/TD.

ven (7) villag t could be u uitable for th the changes tion, and wa was conducte

nd socio-econo

y aimed at:

ere:

and stakehol the establish e activity cov

rms of catch tc. The loca r monthly an

Chumphon volved in the of the coral r

fishing gear urvey was co

ges of the pro utilized to de

he target gro in the comm as later on re

ed between 2

omic survey (

50 lders was hment of

vered the

h per unit al people nalysis.

n Marine e survey, reefs, sea

r and the onducted

oject site evelop an oups. The munity in eferred to 2002 and

(right)

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51

#

5 4

3 6

2 1

Iang Island Point 4

Point 2 Point 1

Point 3

S N

E W

10ฐ50' 10ฐ50'

10ฐ51' 10ฐ51'

10ฐ52' 10ฐ52'

99ฐ2 7' 99ฐ2 7'

99ฐ2 8' 99ฐ2 8'

99ฐ2 9' 99ฐ2 9'

1. Shellfish culture area 1 (15,810 square meters) 2. Shellfish culture area 2 (64,128 square meters) 3. Monsoon-avoidance area (156,147 square meters) 4. Monsoon-avoidance area (71,453 square meters) 5. Fish cage culrure area (518,965 square meters) 6. Shellfish culture area (829,841 square meters)

She llfi sh C ultu re A rea

Lon gi tud e L atitud e Poin t 1 9 9 27 ' 07 " E 1 0 51 ' 26 " N Poin t 2 9 9 27 ' 23 " E 1 0 51 ' 36 " N Poin t 3 9 9 27 ' 31 " E 1 0 50 ' 45 " N Poin t 4 9 9 27 ' 47 " E 1 0 50 ' 53 " N

500 0 500 1000 Meters

A rran ged b y S uk ch ai A rn up ap bo on a nd Sirip orn P an gson e, Research Di vision Sou theast A sian Fisheries D ev elo pm en t C en ter, Tra inin g D e partment. Feb ruary, 2 00 3.

2. Promoting and Extending Community-Based Resource Management

The project aimed to promote responsible fishing practices and aquaculture as well as encourage the fishers to participate in the monitoring, surveillance and control activities of the demarcated coastal zones. This was also intended to enhance the communities’ capacity to advance fisheries management among themselves. Three sub-activities were conducted under this activity:

2.1 Zoning Arrangements

The project staff, fishermen, the Pakklong Sub-district Administrative Organization (Ao.Bo.To), and the stakeholders agreed to establish a maritime territorial zone in the project site. Thus, the project prohibited area was ratified on 4 October 2002 through the provincial mandate on the “Prohibition of some fishing gear to operate in the zoned area of Chumphon waters”. This led to the banning of trawls, push nets and dredges from operating in the project area. Moreover, the aquaculture area in Tung Maha Bay was also divided into zoned areas (4 zones), namely: the cruising lane for fishing boats, fish cage culture area, shellfish culture area, and monsoon avoidance area (Fig. 3).

2.2 Crab Bank and Mesh-size Control for Crab Traps

Crab bank was used as a scheme to conserve the crab resources in the project area. The fishers addressed the decreasing catch of crab by depositing the gravid blue swimming crabs in the cages of the crab bank. The crabs are allowed to spawn in the cages after which they are sold to the local market. The profit from the sales of the crabs is divided to four parts: 50% as funds intended for loan of the group, 30% for the cage maintenance, 10% for the feeds of the crabs, and 10% for operating expenses.

In addition, the fishermen also changed the large mesh size of the bottom of the crab traps (from 1.25 inches to 2.5 inches), which was more effective as scientifically monitored by the CMDEC for one year (Fig. 4). The result showed an increasing trend in terms of

Fig. 3. Map of the zoned area

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Region Approa

S w i

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

20

Average carapace length(cm)

carapace The enla rule of m motivati adopted in cages October

Table 1. Catc

Fig. 5. Total

m m ing c ra b c

002 200

Mal

e size as wel arged mesh mesh size con

ion and mor at the projec s is operated r to February

ch of swimmi Fig

l catch of swi

c a tc h re c ord in Distri

03 2004

e Fema

ll as total ca size resulted ntrol was ad rale have be ct site, the cr

from March y (monsoon s

ing crab from g. 4. Crab ba

imming crabs

n T hung m a ha ic t

2005 le Total

atch volume d in higher b opted by the een very hi rab bank in c to Septembe eason).

m 2002 to 200 ank (left) and

s in Tung Ma

a B a y, P a the w

2006 catch

even if the d benefits in te e fishers in th

gh. Now th cages and the er while the J

06

mesh size co

aha Bay, Path ement L

w

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

data was yet rms of explo he project are here are two e Japanese sy Japanese sys

ontrol (right)

hew District

t marginal (T oitation (Fig ea, where the o crab bank ystem. The c stem is opera

52 Table 1).

g. 5). The e fishers’

systems crab bank ated from

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2.

3. Pr In en th ha op 3.

3 Pakklon The fish Provinci responsi discussio promotin from ille project:

- Volu area - Part - Esta

romoting loc n order to r

nhances local he fishers to i andling, ma pportunities i 1 Improvi

The Pro handling aside fro (OTOP collabor other lo informat 3.1.1 Fi Fish pro compris alternati (Fig. 7) accounti 3.1.2 Lo A group such as selling g Fig. 6. PF

ng Fishermen hermen esta ial Coopera ibilities of t ons on how ng fisheries egal fisheries

unteer manp a with the loc ticipate in fin ablish a savin

cal business reduce over- l businesses increase thei arketing and

inside and ou ng the techn oject helped g, marketing om capture f product) sch ration with th ocal agencie

tion to the ta ish Processin ocessing is b ed both the ive livelihoo

. Production ing system th ocal Snack a p of women f

processing o groceries (Fig FG meeting (l

n Group (PFG ablished the

ative Promo the PFG are w to solve f

resource ma s (Fig. 6). Th power for mo cal enforcem ngerling relea ng – loan fun

s

-dependence aside from c ir household d processin utside the fis nologies of ha d the fishers g and proces

fisheries. Th heme that th he Pakklong es, the proje argeted peopl ng

being operate fishers and d because ad n has been g

hat resulted i and Dried Flo

from village of Pan Sep a

g. 7).

left), fish rele G)

PFG, whic otion Office

e to represe fisheries pro anagement an he PFG were onitoring and ment officers p asing and ma nds

on the coa capture fisher d incomes in ng fisheries shing commu andling, mar s increase th

sing fisherie e activities a he Thai gov

Sub-district ect provided le.

ed by the wo their house dding value t ood in terms in a smooth f ower Making No.4 condu and Thong m easing (center

h has been e with 108 ent the fish oblems with nd conservat e also involv d surveillanc participating angrove refo

astal resourc ries at the pr

two ways: b s products;

unities.

rketing and p heir income es product, a also support ernment has Administrat d the neces

omen’s group ewives. Fish to the fish pr s of fish pro flow of their g

cted some ac moun (local sn r) and mangr

registered w 8 fisher m

ermen in ra the govern tion, and patr ved in three m

ce of illegal g in the effort orestation act

ces, the proj roject site. Th by improving and creati processing fis e by improv and by creati the “One Ta s been prom tive Organiza

sary techno

p in village processing roducts could ocessing, pac

business.

ctivities as al nacks), dried rove reforesta

with the Ch members. Th aising probl nment, find

rol in the pro major activiti

fishing in th ts;

tivities; and

ject encoura he project als g the techno ing alternat sheries produ ving technol

ing job oppo ambon One moting nation ation (Ao.Bo logy and m

No. 1. The m activity was d lead to bet cking, marke

lternative liv d flower mak ation (right)

53 humphon he main

ems and ways in oject site ies of the he project

ages and so assists ologies of tive job ucts logies of ortunities

Product”

nwide. In o.To) and marketing

members s a good tter profit eting and

velihoods king, and

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3.

Region Approa Howeve because could ha

3.1.3 Ba A group cloths, s a day aft

2 Creation 3.2.1 B Babylon was con pessimis suspecte season s

nal Seminar o ach in Southea er, the incom

they are gen ardly afford t

atik painting p of women shirts, T-shirt fter finishing

n of alternativ Babylonia Sh nia shell cultu nducted for 7

stic with sm ed cause wa set in.

Fig. 7. Pro

Fig. 9. Babyl

on Integrated ast Asia: Revi me of the m

nerally fully to spare som

g

n from villag ts, bags, and

their own w

ve job oppor hell Culture

ure was dem 7 months fro mall growth as attributed ocessed fish p

Fig. 8. Batik

lonia shell de

Coastal Resou iew of the proj members from y engaged in me of their tim

ge No. 6 pr d handkerchie work in the ru

rtunities insid monstrated in om August 2

of the she to the unfa products (left

k products by

emonstration

urces Manage ject ICRM-PL m this activ the activitie me for the gro

roduced vari efs (Fig. 8).

ubber plantat

de and outsid the project s 2005 to Febru ells after thr avourable sea

t) and produc

y the Batik Pa

culture in th ement L

vity has bee es in rubber oup work.

ious batik p The member ions.

de the fishing site (Fig. 9).

uary 2006. T ree (3) mon a conditions ction of local

ainting Group

he project site

en very low plantations a

ainted mater rs work for 3

g communiti The first ex The result w nths of cultu s when the m

snack (right)

p

e

54 may be and thus,

rials like 3-4 hours

ies xperiment was rather ure. The monsoon )

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55 The second experiment was conducted for 6 months from March to September 2006 during the calmer season, which was considered an improved way and incorporating the lessons learned from the first experiment. The result was still negative as seen in the economic calculation. This did not convince the PFG to pursue this venture in the future under the present production result as well as the marketing trend of the shells.

3.2.2 Fish Cage Culture with Artificial Feeds

This activity aimed to solve the problem on the use of trash fish caught from push net operations for fish feeds considering that push net operations have been prohibited in the project site. The CMDEC cooperated with fish farmers by demonstrating the use of artificial feeds for sea bass fish cage culture (Fig. 10). Although the growth rate of the fishes fed artificial feeds was rather low, the experiment could not be concluded as a failure due to the feeds but perhaps due to the water quality or culture technique adopted.

3.2.3 Swimming Crab Culture

The size of the blue swimming crabs caught from crab traps was smaller than marketable size. The crab trap fishermen and CMDEC agreed to conduct an experiment on crab culture in cages until the crabs reach marketable size (Fig. 10). Swimming crab culture was however did not attract the fishermen because more time must be spent to take care and observe the behavior of the crabs, and more particularly when the feeds given was not enough, the strong crabs eat the weak crabs during molting. The benefit was therefore not considered worthwhile.

4. Enhancing human resources capability and participation

Participatory training and educational courses were arranged to suit the needs of the target groups of trainees comprising the project staff, community leaders, fishers' group leaders, women's group leaders, and Ao.Bo.To council members. Preparation of the courses was part of the objectives of establishing and extending LBCFM as well as promoting local business ventures. Since 2002, training courses on the sustainable use of the coastal resources have been arranged for 150 students from five (5) schools near the project site every year.

5. Development of extension methodologies and strengthening the extension system

Extension services are necessary to develop the technologies and their methodologies. The text, manuals as well as any visual methods and materials produced from experiments through the extension and training activities have been prepared and promoted.

Leaflets, posters, newsletters and calendars were distributed to schools and communities (Fig.

11). Overall, 49 copies of published documents containing the results of the project’s various activities were produced.

Fig. 10. Fish cage culture with artificial feeds (left) and blue swimming crab culture (right)

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6. Re Th of Se de 6.

F

Region Approa

ehabilitation his activity w f budget for etting up of eployed ARs

1 Installat The inst 2) increa nets. Th 1750 pi covering area fro purchase enhancin were los FEDs w Since th more du and four Novemb damaged Fig. 11. Inform

Fig. 12. Map

n and enhan was impleme the installa f sustainable s was also co

tion of Artifi tallation of A ase fishing g he DOF insta ieces of con g an area 2 k onting the B

e of materia ng devices (F st 6 months was conducted

he FEDs des urability and

r (4) months ber 2006. Th

d by strong w mation mater

p of artificial

ncement of t ented by the ation of artif

managemen nducted as p cial Reefs (A ARs in the p ground; and 3

lled ARs at t ncrete cube

km². In Mar Ban Thung M als and traine

FEDs). The after installa d (Fig. 12).

sign was obs effectivenes s after instal

he fishermen winds and hi

rials on the p

l reefs area (l

the coastal r DOF of Th ficial reefs ( nt and utiliz part of the tar ARs) and Fis project area a

3) prevent ill the project si frames, 1.5 rch 2007, AR Maha Bay.

ed the fisher FEDs were ation. In July served to hav ss. The FED llation, 4 uni n expected gh waves du project’s activ

left) and FED

resources ailand, whic (ARs) aroun zation of res rget activity

h Enhancem aimed to: 1) legal fishing ite from Mar 5x1.5x1.5 m Rs (675 piec

In August 2 rmen on the installed aro y 2006, an e ve some wea Ds were insta

its were lost the FEDs w uring the mon vities and ach

Ds constructe ement L

ch had alloca d the demar sources arou on releasing ment Devices increase aqu activities su rch to April 2 m were insta

ces) were als 2005, SEAF construction ound the AR

experiment o ak points, th alled between t and disapp were destroy nsoon season hievements

d and installe

ated a certain rcated coasta und the area

of fingering (FEDs) uaculture pro uch as the use 2004. Two b alled at 12 so installed FDEC suppo

n of 10 unit s, however t on the new d his was impr

n the groups eared as obs yed by trawl

n.

ed by fisherm

56 n amount

al zones.

as of the gs.

oduction;

e of push atches of m depth in 1 km² orted the ts of fish the FEDs design of roved for s of ARs, served in l nets or

men (right)

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6.

Final Pr The fina Prince o that the been res needed significa conserva The loca with alte

2 Release The fry Coastal 3,000,00 swimmi teachers In 2007 marine a and 196 shrimps was cau complim

3 Mangrov The Pak well as mangrov

roject Evalu al project ev of Songkhla activities of solved. Basel to identify ant in the un ation of the e al businesses ernative and

F

of Fingering and fingerli Aquaculture 00 tiger shri

ng crabs (si s, AoBoTo, f 7-2008 taggin

animals reca 68 of tagged

(size 4.5-9.5 ught in Thun mentary T-sh

ve Rehabilita kklong Fishe staff of CMD ve seedlings

uation aluation was

University, f this project

line survey w and prioritiz nderstanding

environment s of the villa d/or additiona Fig. 13. Tagg

Fig. 1

gs and Evalu ings released e Station. T imp (size 1- ze 4-6 cm).

fishermen, vi ng techniqu aptured after

sea bass siz 5 cm) were ng Maha Ba hirts for fishe

ation ermen Group

DEC and SE in 2005, 200

s outsourced Hat Yai, Son

were well p was assessed ze the issue and learning

and the coas ages were al

al sources o ed sea bass r

14. Mangrove

uation of Tag d through th These includ 2 cm), 161, Releasing o illagers, staff e was used releasing. In ze (8.5-12.3

recovered(F ay after rele ers who return

p, students, EAFDEC/TD

06 and 2007,

d through the ngkhla, Thai planned in su as very goo s in the pro g process of

stal resource so very sign f income to ecaptured fro

e reforestatio

gging Techniq his activity w e: 5,800,000 000 sea bas of fry and fi f of CMDEC to estimate n 2007 and 2 cm) while 1 ig. 13). The easing for 41 n the shrimp

teachers, Ao D cooperated

, respectively

e Coastal Re iland. The re uch as way th d because it oject area. T the local peo s.

nificant as w sustain their om Thung M

n in the proje que

were provide 0 banana sh s (size 1-4 i ingerlings w C and SEAFD

the number 2008 release 1128 and 10 biggest tagg 13 days. Th ps/fishes that

o.Bo.To., fis d in planting y (Fig. 14).

sources Insti esults of the hat every asp provides all The CBRM ople regardin

ell, because r daily need Maha Bay

ect site

ed by the Ch hrimp (size

in), and 44,0 as done by DEC/TD sinc r and growth es, respective 000 of tagged ged sea bass he CMDEC have been ta

shermen, vill 1000, 2200

itute (CORIN evaluation i pect of the is the importan activities w ng the protec

these provid ds. More imp

57 humphon

1-2 cm), 000 blue students, ce 2002.

h rate of ely, 1000 d banana s (51 cm) provided agged.

lagers as and 500

N) of the indicated ssues has nt details were very

ction and ded them portantly,

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the disse with and participa engaging knowled was the Follow- After en supporti

- - - - - Specific material farmers markets.

Region Approa emination of d informed ate and exten

g the interes dge which is insufficient up Actions f nd of the L ing the activi the activitie in giving su in releasing in conducti from 5 scho initiating gr cally in 2007 ls tied on raf

for culture . The DOF su

nal Seminar o ach in Southea f information about recent nd help. Las st and partic difficult for collaboration for the Proj LBCRM-PD/

ities under th es of the PFG upport mater g of more fin ing training ools in the pr reen mussel 7 and 2008, fts in Thung in the Anda upported the

Fig. 15. Gree

on Integrated ast Asia: Revi n materials to

t developme stly, the reso cipation of t them to visu n between th

ect

/ICRM-PD, he project un G;

rials for the m ngerings;

courses on s roject site ev

culture.

, some mem Maha Bay aman Sea an e materials fo

en mussel cul

Coastal Resou iew of the proj o the local p ents and ena ource enhanc the local peo

ualize and un he Ao.Bo.To.

the DOF o ntil now, spec maintenance sustainable u very year; and mbers from t

(Fig. 15). Th nd adults of or making an

lture in the p

urces Manage ject ICRM-PL people was a abled them t cement activ ople rather t nderstand. H . and other ag of Thailand

cifically:

of the crab b use of the co

d

the PFG cul he spats of g f green muss nd setting the

project site us ement L

a great way t to identify w

ities were al than just giv However, the gencies invo through the

bank;

oastal resour

ltured green green musse sel were dis e rafts.

sing rafts

to keep them ways where lso very imp ving them th weak point olved in the p e CMDEC h

rces for 150

mussels us els were sold stributed to

58 m updated

they can portant in heoretical observed project.

has been

students

sing rope d to other the local