[PDF] Top 20 Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:E:Ecological Economics:Vol31.Issue2.Nov1999:

... If Annex B governments elect to allocate the assigned amounts to their individual sub-national legal entities and authorize them to trade on the international emissions permits market, I[r] ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... populations and the habitat and other biotic and abiotic factors necessary for their continued exis- tence, especially if local spawning groups mix together at other times of the year, e.g. when feeding. This implies an ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Consistent with periodically revised management plans, rights to harvest specific amounts of fish or to use certain classes of boats and gear are issued in proportion to the number of sh[r] ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... On a local scale, designation of an MPA could affect point sources of pollution by regulating discharge from coastal and vessel sources (Allison et al., 1998). For instance, in the United States, penalties for illegal ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Adaptable governance structures are built on the ability to monitor environmental changes and provide the appropriate response. Unfortunately, the requirements for adaptability are in many ways the opposite of stability ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... transnational levels, or even at all three simulta- neously. Such decisions would be situated high on the orthogonal dimensions of scientific uncer- tainty and societal decision stakes (Funtowicz and Ravetz, 1985). ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... to ecological fluctuations: stochastic extrinsic factors influence resource stock levels, and the probability of an ecosystem remaining active to year 200 is reduced in the face of environmental fluctuations ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... One of the major difficulties in ocean gover- nance is the lack of information/understanding about marine resources and processes and the threats they face. The design and implementation of marine resources monitoring ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... of ecological systems is limited, and because we do know that sustainability depends on these sys- tems, we must take a precautionary approach to their management (O’Riordan and Jordan, ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Evaporative losses from soil under crops growing in Mediterranean climates have been investigated using different techniques. Several studies have used Cooper's method (Cooper et al., 1983) to estimate evaporation losses ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Paddy fields are one of the major anthropogenic sources of methane emission. Methane emission from paddy fields can vary with the growth stages of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant and daily environmental conditions. ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... In the FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, revised (1977) edition, crop water requirement is defined as: depth of water to meet evapotranspiration of a disease-free crop growing in the large fields without ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Further measures to encourage rural development specifically directed at on-farm diversification still re- quire to be carefully assessed as this study indicates little difference in the botanical composition of grass ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... The feasibility of using mine water for irrigation of agricultural crops was evaluated by Barnard et al. (1998), in a three-year field screening trial carried out at Landau Colliery Kromdraai Opencast Section (near ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Increased methane emission from rainfed lowland rice fields could be attributed to continuous deep submer- gence for a prolonged period (70 days) in comparison with shallow irrigation (Fig. 1a, b). However, methane ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... 0.25 m sensors showed little reaction to this irrigation. The first rise in water content was measured by the 0.5 m sensor. It was expected that any measured rise in water content would be sensed first at the shallowest ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... Empirical Results We conduct the tests for both integration and segmentation using continuously com-pounded monthly rates of return on 23 CRIF industry portfolios and the MSCI World and[r] ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... consumption data restrict the sample size of this study and therefore our ability to test the long-run relations among the ...larger data set for long-run ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... of credit cooperatives. Loans are viewed as the output from traditional business activities and security investments are viewed as the output from other important business activities. Loans, securities, capital, and ... Lihat dokumen lengkap

... The forecasting performance of the economic model is then compared with that of four alternative models. We discuss these alternative models in order, from the simplest to the more complex. The first model represents a ... Lihat dokumen lengkap